Challenge 8: Smart Cybersecurity

Peer reviewe

An annotated bibliography of C.J. van der Klaauw with notes on the impact of his work

Van der Klaauw was a professor of Descriptive Zoology in the period 1934–1958. This paper presents a concise annotated overview of his publications. In his work three main topics can be recognized: comparative anatomy of the mammalian auditory region, theoretical studies about ecology and ecological morphology, and vertebrate functional morphology. In particular van der Klaauw developed new concepts on functional morphology, based upon a holistic approach. A series of studies in functional morphology of Vertebrates by his students is added. An overview of recent morphological and theoretical studies show that this new approach had a long lasting impact in studies of functional morphology

Panorama del consumo de las producciones vegetales intensivas de alimentos saludables, "Proalim Km 0", en tiempos de pandemia por Covid-19

El consumo de frutas y hortalizas (FyH) resulta imprescindible para una alimentación sana y equilibrada, y fortalecer el sistema inmunológico, frente al SARS-CoV-2. Con el objetivo de brindar un panorama sobre los cambios producidos en los hábitos de consumo de las producciones vegetales intensivas de alimentos saludables, en la población de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (PBA), ante el contexto de pandemia, se efectuaron dos encuestas, respecto de su producción, agroindustria, comercialización y consumo. Las mismas se realizaron en el marco del proyecto CIAC-940186 (INTA?AUDEAS?CONADEV) utilizando la plataforma Google-form (en el período 9-12/2020),(n:449), correspondiendo 91% a PBA, (área-CeRBAS: 80% y CRBAN: 11%). Los resultados indican predisposición a: la huerta familiar (80%), producción de frutales(64%); elaboración de conservas (70%) y preferencia por los productos de estación(93,5%). Al 93% le parece importante conocer el origen de los productos consumidos y72% compraría productos agroecológicos. El 47% cambió su percepción sobre la procedencia de FyH consumidas. Si bien compran en verdulerías, 1/3 destacó preferirlas de quintas locales. Respecto de nuevos canales, 7% compra mediante redes sociales y/o páginas web. En harinas de hortalizas (categoría que el 40%desconocía), se destacaron: garbanzo (49%), lenteja (28%) y arveja (20%). En porciones de FyHp/día: 10% consume cinco porciones/día, mientras 88,4% lo percibe como adecuado. Dicha disociación y el desconocimiento de recomendaciones oficiales detectado, en contraste con otros resultados de las encuestas, indican el enorme desafío de concientización, por parte de las instituciones, sobre cuál debe ser el consumo adecuado y sus múltiples beneficios.Fil: Bellaccomo, C.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur.; ArgentinaFil: Berriolo, M. J.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur.; ArgentinaFil: Caracotche, M. V.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur.; ArgentinaFil: Castagnino, Ana Maria. Crescaa, Facultad de Agronomía, Azul, Uncpba, Argentina; ArgentinaFil: Cendón, M. L.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur.; ArgentinaFil: Diaz, Karina Elizabeth. Crescaa, Facultad de Agronomía, Azul, Uncpba, Argentina; ArgentinaFil: Fasciglione. G.. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: González Ferrín, M. S.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur.; ArgentinaFil: Mairosser, A.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur.; ArgentinaFil: Martinoia, G. I.. Crescaa, Facultad de Agronomía, Azul, Uncpba, Argentina; ArgentinaFil: Rogers, William John. Crescaa, Facultad de Agronomía, Azul, Uncpba, Argentina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnolológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología. Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Rosini, M.B.. Crescaa, Facultad de Agronomía, Azul, Uncpba, Argentina; ArgentinaFil: Villagra C.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur.; ArgentinaFil: Yommi, A.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur.; ArgentinaFil: Zazzetta, M. L.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur.; Argentina41º Congreso Argentino de HorticulturaLa PLataArgentinaASAH

Diet quality index as a predictor of treatment efficacy in overweight and obese adolescents: The EVASYON study

Background & aim: A diet quality index (DQI) is a tool that provides an overall score of an individual''s dietary intake when assessing compliance with food-based dietary guidelines. A number of DQIs have emerged, albeit their associations with health-related outcomes are debated. The aim of the present study was to assess whether adherence to dietary intervention, and the overall quality of the diet, can predict body composition changes. Methods: To this purpose, overweight/obese adolescents (n = 117, aged: 13–16 years; 51 males, 66 females) were recruited into a multi-component (diet, physical activity and psychological support) family-based group treatment programme. We measured the adolescents’ compliance and body composition at baseline and after 2 months (intensive phase) and 13 months (extensive phase) of follow-up. Also, at baseline, after 6 months, and at the end of follow-up we calculated the DQI. Results: Global compliance with the dietary intervention was 37.4% during the intensive phase, and 14.3% during the extensive phase. Physical activity compliance was 94.1% at 2-months and 34.7% at 13months and psychological support compliance were growing over the intervention period (10.3% intensive phase and 45.3% during extensive phase). Adolescents complying with the meal frequency criteria at the end of the extensive phase had greater reductions in FMI z-scores than those did not complying (Cohen''s d = 0.53). A statistically significant association was observed with the diet quality index. DQI-A variation explained 98.1% of BMI z-score changes and 95.1% of FMI changes. Conclusions: We conclude that assessment of changes in diet quality could be a useful tool in predicting body composition changes in obese adolescents involved in a diet and physical activity intervention programme backed-up by psychological and family support

Physical activity as a preventive measure against overweight, obesity, infections, allergies and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents: AFINOS Study protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Prior studies addressing the impacts of regular physical activity or sedentary habits on the immune system have been conducted in adults and laboratory settings. Thus, it is practically unknown how a healthy active lifestyle could affect low-grade inflammation processes, infections or allergies in young persons. The AFINOS Study was designed to determine the relationship between the regular physical activity levels of adolescents and overweight, infection, and allergies along with the presence of metabolic and immunological biomarkers of a deteriorated health status. A further objective of the AFINOS Study is to assess the health status and lifestyle habits of an adolescent population in an effort to identify any protective factors that could be used as preventive measures, since many chronic diseases and their associated co-morbidities often persist from adolescence into adulthood.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>This study was conducted as three separate sub-studies in three different populations as follows: (a) Study 1 was performed on a population sample of adolescents; (b) Study 2 on the adolescents' parents; and (c) Study 3 on a subset of the adolescents from Study 1. Study 1 assessed health and lifestyle indicators through a questionnaire administered to a representative sample of adolescents from the Madrid Region (n = 2400) aged 13 to 16 years. In Study 2, the parents of the teenagers participating in Study 1 were required to fill out a questionnaire. Finally in Study 3, body composition, physical activity, health-related physical fitness, and blood measurements were determined in a subset (n = 200) of the individuals included in Study 1.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This paper describes the rationale, design, and methodologies used in the AFINOS Study. This multidisciplinary, multicenter study seeks to evaluate several aspects of existing relationships between routine physical activity/sedentary behaviour and several health status markers, specifically those related to the immune system. The results of this cross-sectional study will serve for comparisons with the available data obtained in laboratory settings and in adults. In addition, knowledge regarding the health status and lifestyle habits of Spanish adolescents and their parents will be useful for designing preventive measures.</p

The Helicobacter pylori Genome Project : insights into H. pylori population structure from analysis of a worldwide collection of complete genomes

Helicobacter pylori, a dominant member of the gastric microbiota, shares co-evolutionary history with humans. This has led to the development of genetically distinct H. pylori subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host and with differential gastric disease risk. Here, we provide insights into H. pylori population structure as a part of the Helicobacter pylori Genome Project (HpGP), a multi-disciplinary initiative aimed at elucidating H. pylori pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets. We collected 1011 well-characterized clinical strains from 50 countries and generated high-quality genome sequences. We analysed core genome diversity and population structure of the HpGP dataset and 255 worldwide reference genomes to outline the ancestral contribution to Eurasian, African, and American populations. We found evidence of substantial contribution of population hpNorthAsia and subpopulation hspUral in Northern European H. pylori. The genomes of H. pylori isolated from northern and southern Indigenous Americans differed in that bacteria isolated in northern Indigenous communities were more similar to North Asian H. pylori while the southern had higher relatedness to hpEastAsia. Notably, we also found a highly clonal yet geographically dispersed North American subpopulation, which is negative for the cag pathogenicity island, and present in 7% of sequenced US genomes. We expect the HpGP dataset and the corresponding strains to become a major asset for H. pylori genomics

Effects of acute exposure to cadmiun on response to estrogen in the prepuberal rat uterus

Few information is available about uterine effects of Cadmium (Cd) exposure, where toxicagents affecting the female genital tract interact with estrogen (E) receptors, modifiying myometrial activityand the menstrual cycle, causing dysmenorrhea, infertility and spontaneous abortion. No informationexists whether prenatal or early postnatal exposure may cause any gynecologic persistent adverse effect.Our finding of a second mechanism of E interaction and differences between E receptors in the variousuterine cell types suggests that Cd may affect differently E interaction in each cell-type. Objective:Evaluate a possible selective effect of acute Cd exposure on E action in the uterus during prepuber age.Method: Female prepuber rats exposed to Cd 4 mg/kg and 2 hours later, treated with Estradiol-17² 0,3 mg/kg.A myometrial sample was obtained under anesthesia 24 hours after E treatment and histologically processedfor the quantification of E responses on different uterine cell-types. Results: Cd exposure potentiates E-induced uterine eosinophilia and endometrial edema and inhibits E-induced cell hypertrophy in circularmyometrium and cell proliferation in luminal myometrium. Cd, in the absence of hormone stimulation,causes a slight cell hypertrophy in circular myometrium. Conclusions: Acute exposure to Cd affectsdifferently various responses to E in the different uterine cell-types. Future studies should verify whetherthis effect explains Cd-induced infertility, postpubertal sex organ development and whether prenatal orearly postnatal exposure to Cd induces delayed persistent effects.Financiamiento: Proyecto de la Sociedad Chilena de Pediatría y Proyecto Multidisciplinario en Temas de Interés Nacional MULT06/27-2 de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación de la Universidad de Chile