Holographic Geometry and Noise in Matrix Theory

Using Matrix Theory as a concrete example of a fundamental holographic theory, we show that the emergent macroscopic spacetime displays a new macroscopic quantum structure, holographic geometry, and a new observable phenomenon, holographic noise, with phenomenology similar to that previously derived on the basis of a quasi-monochromatic wave theory. Traces of matrix operators on a light sheet with a compact dimension of size $R$ are interpreted as transverse position operators for macroscopic bodies. An effective quantum wave equation for spacetime is derived from the Matrix Hamiltonian. Its solutions display eigenmodes that connect longitudinal separation and transverse position operators on macroscopic scales. Measurements of transverse relative positions of macroscopically separated bodies, such as signals in Michelson interferometers, are shown to display holographic nonlocality, indeterminacy and noise, whose properties can be predicted with no parameters except $R$. Similar results are derived using a detailed scattering calculation of the matrix wavefunction. Current experimental technology will allow a definitive and precise test or validation of this interpretation of holographic fundamental theories. In the latter case, they will yield a direct measurement of $R$ independent of the gravitational definition of the Planck length, and a direct measurement of the total number of degrees of freedom.Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures; v2: factors of Planck mass written explicitly, typos correcte

Cosmic Superstring Scattering in Backgrounds

We generalize the calculation of cosmic superstring reconnection probability to non-trivial backgrounds. This is done by modeling cosmic strings as wound tachyon modes in the 0B theory, and the spacetime effective action is then used to couple this to background fields. Simple examples are given including trivial and warped compactifications. Generalization to $(p,q)$ strings is discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures; v2: references adde

Cerenkov's Effect and Neutrino Oscillations in Loop Quantum Gravity

Bounds on the scale parameter {\cal L} arising in loop quantum gravity theory are derived in the framework of Cerenkov's effect and neutrino oscillations. Assuming that {\cal L} is an universal constant, we infer {\cal L}> 10^{-18}eV^{-1}, a bound compatible with ones inferred in different physical context.Comment: 6 pages, no figures, in print on MPL

Finding the Pion in the Chiral Random Matrix Vacuum

The existence of a Goldstone boson is demonstrated in chiral random matrix theory. After determining the effective coupling and calculating the scalar and pseudoscalar propagators, a random phase approximation summation reveals the massless pion and massive sigma modes expected whenever chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure, revte

Ray model and ray-wave correspondence in coupled optical microdisks

We introduce a ray model for coupled optical microdisks, in which we select coupling-efficient rays among the splitting rays. We investigate the resulting phase-space structure and report island structures arising from the ray-coupling between the two microdisks. We find the microdisks's refractive index to influence the phase-space structure and calculate the stability and decay rates of the islands. Turning to ray-wave correspondence, we find many resonances to be directly related to the presence of these islands. We study the relation between the (ray-picture originating) island structures and the (wave-picture originating) spectral properties of resonances, especially the leakiness of the resonances which is represented as the imaginary part of the complex wave vector.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

Simultaneous arrival of information in absorbing wave guides

We demonstrate that the temporal peak generated by specific electromagnetic pulses may arrive at different positions simultaneously in an absorbing wave guide. The effect can be used for triggering several devices all at once at unknown distances from the sender or generally to transmit information so that it arrives at the same time to receivers at different, unknown locations. This simultaneity cannot be realized by the standard transmission methods

Exploring the role of voluntary disease schemes on UK farmer bio-security behaviours: Findings from the Norfolk-Suffolk Bovine Viral Diarrhoea control scheme

The article describes the influence of a disease control scheme (the Norfolk-Suffolk Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Disease (BVD) Eradication scheme) on farmers' bio-security attitudes and behaviours. In 2010, a survey of 100 cattle farmers (53 scheme members vs. 47 out of scheme farmers) was undertaken among cattle farmers residing in Norfolk and Suffolk counties in the UK. A cross-sectional independent measures design was employed. The main analytical tool was content analysis. The following variables at the farmer-level were explored: the specific BVD control measures adopted, livestock disease priorities, motivation for scheme membership, wider knowledge acquisition, biosecurity behaviours employed and training course attendance. The findings suggest that participation in the BVD scheme improved farmers' perception of the scheme benefits and participation in training courses. However, no association was found between the taking part in the BVD scheme and livestock disease priorities or motivation for scheme participation, or knowledge about BVD bio-security measures employed. Equally importantly, scheme membership did appear to influence the importance accorded specific bio-security measures. Yet such ranking did not appear to reflect the actual behaviours undertaken. As such, disease control efforts alone while necessary, are insufficient. Rather, to enhance farmer bio-security behaviours significant effort must be made to address underlying attitudes to the specific disease threat involved

Elastic energy loss and longitudinal straggling of a hard jet

The elastic energy loss encountered by jets produced in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) off a large nucleus is studied in the collinear limit. In close analogy to the case of (non-radiative) transverse momentum broadening, which is dependent on the medium transport coefficient $\hat{q}$, a class of medium enhanced higher twist operators which contribute to the non-radiative loss of the forward light-cone momentum of the jet ($q^-$) are identified and the leading correction in the limit of asymptotically high $q^-$ is isolated. Based on these operator products, a new transport coefficient $\hat{e}$ is motivated which quantifies the energy loss per unit length encountered by the hard jet. These operator products are then computed, explicitly, in the case of a similar hard jet traversing a deconfined quark-gluon-plasma (QGP) in the hard-thermal-loop (HTL) approximation. This is followed by an evaluation of sub-leading contributions which are suppressed by the light-cone momentum $q^-$, which yields the longitudinal "straggling" i.e., a slight change in light cone momentum due to the Brownian propagation through a medium with a fluctuating color field.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, Revtex

Manipulating Bose-Einstein condensed atoms in toroidal traps

We consider Bose-Einstein condensed atoms confined in a toroidal trap. We demonstrate that under conditions of one-dimensional behavior, the density distribution of the atoms may be exponentially localized/delocalized, even for very small variations in the trapping potential along the torus. This observation allows one to control the atom density externally via slight modifications of the trapping potential. For similar reasons, small irregularities of the trap may also have a very pronounced effect on the density of the cloud.Comment: 4 pages, RevTex, 2 figure