The Role of Tacrolimus and Sirolimus in Modulation Humeral Immunity in Male Albino Rats

The object of this study  ware to modulated the effect of Tacrolimus and Sirolimus in Humeral immunity epically on titration of antibody and interlukin-2  in albino male rats. Fiftieth adult albino male  rats were housed and arbitrarily divided into five equal groups (ten rats/ group)and administered as follows for 90 days :control group received distilled water ,groups  T1 received sirolimus therapeutics dose 0.02mg/ kg B.W and T2:received sirolimus  two fold dose  0.04mg/ kg BW and T3: received tacrolimus  therapeutic dose 0.05mg/ kg BW and T4:received tacrolimus two fold dose 0.1mg/ mg B W.blood sample ware collect from each group in 30,60,90 days of experimental .Passive  hemagglutination  test used to assessment titrations of antibody, direct  Enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay  used to assessment titrations of interlukin-2.The results at 30 days the titration of interleukin-2 ware decreased in all treated groups as a camper with control group and the decreasing depended on the dose and the time of exposure. The more significant in T2 and T4 in .30,60,90 days of experimental and the Tacrolimus showed more significant in reduction of interlukin-2 titrations  than Sirolimus while  the titration of antibody also show decreased in all treated groups T1,T2,T3,and T4 showed significant (p<0.05) in 30,60,90 days in comparison with the control one. Also the all treated group showed more decreased in 60,90 day and that more clear than in 30 day of experimental .The sirolimus more significant  on the titrations of antibody than tacrolimus. Keywords:Tacrolimus, Sirolimus, interlukin-2, Antibody

Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis via Flame Fragment Deposition (FFD) Method from Liquefied Petroleum Gas

         تستخدم الدراسة الحالية طريقة ترسيب شظايا اللهب (FFD) لتخليق الأنابيب النانوية الكربونية (CNTs) من غاز البترول المسال العراقي (LPG) كمصدر للكربون. تم استخدام مفاعل محلي الصنع لتنفيذ إجراءات التحضير. للتخلص من الشوائب غير المتبلورة، تم صوتنة الأنابيب النانوية الكربونية في محلول بيروكسيد الهيدروجين ((30% wt H2O2 في درجة حرارة الغرفة ، متبوعًا بالصوتنة في حمام الأسيتون لإزالة الهيدروكربونات العطرية متعددة الحلقات (PAHs) المتولدة أثناء احتراق غاز البترول المسال. تم فحص الناتج المحضر، ومقارنته مع انابيب كربونية متعددة الجدران قياسية (MWCNTs(95%), Sigma  (Aldrich  باستخدام حيود الأشعة السينية (XRD) ، مطيافية رامان، التحليل الحراري الوزني (TGA) ، مطيافية الأشعة السينية المشتتة للطاقة (EDS) ، المسح الطيفي الإلكتروني (SEM) ، والمجهر الإلكتروني النافذ (TEM). في ظل الظروف التجريبية المطبقة، تؤكد نتائج التحضير التي تم الحصول عليها تخليق الأنابيب النانوية الكربونية متعددة الجدران (MWCNTs) مع نسبة من الأنابيب النانوية الكربونية قليلة الجدران (FWCNTs). للأنابيب النانوية الكربونية بنقاوة تزيد عن 65 في المائة وبمتوسط ​​قطرها يتراوح من 31.26 إلى 78.00 نانومتر.The current study uses the flame fragment deposition (FFD) method to synthesize carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from Iraqi liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is used as a carbon source. To carry out the synthesis steps, a homemade reactor was used. To eliminate amorphous impurities, the CNTs were sonicated in a 30 percent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution at ambient temperature. To remove the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) generated during LPG combustion, sonication in an acetone bath is used. The produced products were investigated and compared with standard Multi-walled carbon nanotube MWCNTs (95%), Sigma, Aldrich, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Under the applied experimental circumstances, the obtained characterization data confirm the synthesis of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with portion from few wall carbon nanotubes (FWCNTs). The average diameter of synthesized Carbon nanotubes ranged from 31.26 to 78.00 nm, with a purity of more than 65 percent

Conception the Fluid Flow Behavior within Oil Reservoir Rock by Using Computed Tomography (CT) Scan

The behavior of fluid flow has been studied during the different flow media over the past decades. In addition, the behavior of the flow of fluid through porous media has garnered much research interest. This paper sheds light on fissured rocks of oil reservoir media (as one of the porous media domain), and the effect of these fissured on fluid flow. In this article, the Finite Volume Method (FVM) has been used to visualize the behavior of single-phase fluid flow in an actual core according to the dualporosity dual permeability model. The study was conducted in two parts, the first was the image processing for one of the real oil reservoir fractured rock images, where the image was processed and simulated by ANSYSCFX software, and the results showed a complete visualizing of the fluid behavior during this domain. As for the other side, a simulation of a real reservoir rock belonging to the Al-Nour field in Iraq / Misan was made. The X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) scan has been used to convert the real fractured core to a dynamic domain. ANSYS-CFX program has been used and the results illustrated the pressure counter, the velocity counter, the velocity streamline, and the velocity vectors for the studied model in three dimensions. A comparison was made between the productivity index for fractured and non-fractured rock and the results explained that the presence of fracture can improve the productivity index to about 5.74%

Density functional theory study of molecular structure, Electronic properties, UV–Vis spectra on coumarin102.

The various properties of the ground and excited electronic states of coumarins 102 using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) was calculated by the B3LYP density functional model with 6-31G(d,p) basis set by Gaussian 09 W program. Spectral characteristics of coumarin102 have been probed into by methods of experimental UV-visible, and quantum chemistry. The UV spectrum was measured in methanol. The optimized structures, total energies, electronic states (HOMO- LUMO), energy gap, ionization potentials, electron affinities, chemical potential, global hardness, softness, global electrophilictity, and dipole moment were measured. We find good agreement between experimental data of UV spectrum and TDDFT excitationenergies

Field assessments of above ground biomass (AGB) of mangrove stand in Merbok, Malaysia

Mangroves are considered as unique and important ecosystems that occupy an intertidal zone of protected shorelines. The halophytic plants present in mangroves provide support not only for social economic needs but also for ecological roles which include carbon sinks. Above ground biomass (AGB) of mangroves was estimated in mangrove stands in Merbok, Kedah. Field data collection was conducted from January 2013 to May 2013. A total of 25 sites measuring 100 m x 100 m were surveyed in the study area. Within randomly selected plots, diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height and crown width were measured. Mangrove trees were identified at the species level. Published allometric functions were used to compute the AGB of mangroves. Rhizophoraapiculata was found to be the most abundant species followed by Bruguieraparviflora, Bruguieragymnorrhiza and Avicennia marina. An overall mean for AGB in study area was estimated to be 176 Mg/ha. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was found that there is a significant different in the means of all mangrove variables measured between four mangrove species (p <0.0001). Positive relationships were found between DBH, height and crown width and AGB with r values of 0.88, 0.43 and 0.81 respectively. The subsequent analysis will involve a study of relationships between mangrove stand attributes with spectral radiance recorded from remote sensing

The common dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus linnaeus, 1758 (Perciformes, Coryphaenidae) in the marine waters of Iraq

First record of the common dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus from the Iraqi marine waters is reported in the present study. One adult specimen (762 mm total length) was caught from the waters surrounding the Khor Abdullah within the Iraqi marine territory. It is a new ichthyofaunal record for the area

Analisis Kapasitas Penampang Banjir Kanal Barat Kota Semarang Untuk Perencanaan Pengendalian Banjir

Overflow in the West Floodway is a natural event caused by inadequate river capacity to flow the existing discharge.Based on the analysis of hydrological West Floodway with the help of software HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System) obtained discharge plan (Q50) of 951.9 m3/s. The hydraulics analysis was carried out by the help of software HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System)and the result is an overflow along the 8 km (WF 0-WF 97) in the West Floodway Region. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to be taken a solution, that is increasing river capacity. Based on existing field conditions (limited space) then the plan is using 2 type of river profiles, there are at the downstream river is used for single and double crosssection on the upstream, both is planning using manning formula

Neurotoxicity of Uranyl Acetate in Male Rats

The present investigation included the neurotoxic effect of different doses of uranyl acetate in male rats. Routine light and electron microscopic techniques were used in this study. The histological studies of cerebellum and cerebrum showed a significant increase of died and decrease of healthy pyramidal cells in the 3rd layer of cerebrum and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. This may indicate the passage of uranium across the blood brain barrier or disruption of this barrier due to uranium exposure.

Estimasi Potensi PLTMH Dengan Metode Regionalisasi Pada Ungauged Catchments Di Kecamatan Suoh

. Electricity is the major problem in Suoh sub-district because there is no electricity distributed by National Electricity Company (PLN). Suoh is located in the upstream of Way Semaka and water is available in river tributaries throughout the year which can be utilized for micro hydro power. This research aims to analyse the potency of the rivers including Way Hantatai, Way Sekandak and Way Gunung Lanang. The three rivers are categorised as ungauged catchments. Research method includes analysis of hydrologic similarity berween Way Semaka and Way Besai catchments, application of regionalization method where FDC for Way Semaka was developed from discharge data from Way Besai located close to Way Semaka. Measurement of flow variables in the rivers are used to verify dependable discharge calculated by regionalization method. The potency of electricity power is calculated based on dependable discharge Q50 and head. The result shows that hydrologic similarity exists between Way Semaka and Way Besai catchments. Calculated discharges based on river measurements comparable to dependable discharges between 80%-93% from the FDCs for the three rivers. The maximum electricity power which can be generated are 15.26 KW, 4.12 KW and 2.71 KW for Way Hantatai, Way Sekandak and Way Gunung Lanang respectively

Heat shock protein amplification improves cerebellar myelination in the Npc1nih mouse model.

BACKGROUND: Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare prematurely fatal lysosomal lipid storage disease with limited therapeutic options. The prominent neuropathological hallmarks include hypomyelination and cerebellar atrophy. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of recombinant human heat shock protein 70 (rhHSP70) in preclinical models of the disease. It reduced glycosphingolipid levels in the central nervous system (CNS), improving cerebellar myelination and improved behavioural phenotypes in Npc1nih (Npc1-/-) mice. Furthermore, treatment with arimoclomol, a well-characterised HSP amplifier, attenuated lysosomal storage in NPC patient fibroblasts and improved neurological symptoms in Npc1-/- mice. Taken together, these findings prompted the investigation of the effects of HSP amplification on CNS myelination. METHODS: We administered bimoclomol daily or rhHSP70 6 times per week to Npc1-/- (BALB/cNctr-Npc1m1N/J, also named Npc1nih) mice by intraperitoneal injection from P7 through P34 to investigate the impact on CNS myelination. The Src-kinase inhibitor saracatinib was administered with/without bimoclomol twice daily to explore the contribution of Fyn kinase to bimoclomol's effects. FINDINGS: Treatment with either bimoclomol or rhHSP70 improved myelination and increased the numbers of mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) as well as the ratio of active-to-inactive forms of phosphorylated Fyn kinase in the cerebellum of Npc1-/- mice. Additionally, treatment with bimoclomol preserved cerebellar weight, an effect that was abrogated when co-administered with saracatinib, an inhibitor of Fyn kinase. Bimoclomol-treated mice also exhibited increased numbers of immature OLs within the cortex. INTERPRETATION: These data increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which HSP70 regulates myelination and provide further support for the clinical development of HSP-amplifying therapies in the treatment of NPC. FUNDING: Funding for this study was provided by Orphazyme A/S (Copenhagen, Denmark) and a Pathfinder Award from The Wellcome Trust