Flutuações dos níveis dos carboidratos de reserva disponíveis nas raízes e no caule do marmeleiro (Croton sonderianus Muell. Arg.).

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as flutuações dos níveis dos carboidratos de reserva (Carboidratos Ácido-Digeríveis, CAD), nas raízes e no caule do marmeleiro (Croton sonderianus Muell.Arg.), durante seu ciclo fenológico. Um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e distribuição fatorial de 3 x 9 (diâmetro de raiz ou caule vs estádios fenológicos), foi usado na análises estatísticas das variáveis raiz e caule. Os níveis dos CAD nas raízes apresentaram duas fases distintas: a de depleção-reposição das reservas, no período compreendido entre o intumescimento das gemas e a de frutificação, em que não ocorreram diferenças entre as classes de diâmetro nos diferentes estádios fenológicos. Houve uma fase de armazenamento, no período entre a frutificação e a queda das folhas, que variou conforme o diâmetro da raiz. Os níveis de CAD no caule mostraram o menor padrão de depleção-reposição e armazenamento, em função dos estádios fenológicos, mas não variaram em função do diâmetro do caule. [Change in the available storage carbohydrate levels on the roots and on the stems of marmeleiro (Croton sonderianus Muell. Arg.]. Abstract: The objective of this work was to study the change of the storage carbohydrate levels (Acid Digestible Carbohydrate, ADC) on the roots and on the stems of marmeleiro (Croton sonderianus Muell. Arg.), during its phenologic cycle. A complete randomized experimental design with four replicatos in a 3 × 9 factorial arrangement (roots and stems fraction x phenophase) was used in statistical analyses of the root and stems variables. The levels of the ADC in the roots showed two distinct stages, a depletion-reposition storage phase in the period between the tumescence of the aerial buds and the fruiting, when effect was found for root diameter and a storage phase, during the period between the fruiting and the falling of the leaves where differences among the smallest diameter class and the biggest diameter class were observed. The phases of depletion-reposition and storage of the ADC in the stems did not present differences among the three classes of length in each phenophase. However, the phenophase affected the depletion-reposition and the storage phases

Barragem subterranea: um estudo de caso.

O armazenamento de água em aquíferos artificiais, por meio de barragens subterrâneas, pode ser uma alternativa para suprir as necessidades de água no meio rural, principalmente para consumo vegetal. Em Alexandria - RN, em uma barragem subterrânea com área de 2,0 ha, verificou-se um aumento significativo na produção das culturas de milho, feijão e arroz, permitindo ao produtor comercializar o excedente da produção e aumentar a renda familiar

Pyrene-p-tert-butylcalixarenes inclusion complexes formation: a surface photochemistry study

Diffuse reflectance and luminescence techniques were used to study the photophysics and photochemistry of pyrene within p-tert-butylcalix[n]arenes with n = 4, 6, and 8, and to study their ability to form inclusion complexes in heterogeneous media. Evidences for inclusion complex formation were found for the three hosts under study. Ground state diffuse reflectance results have shown the formation of ground state dimers of pyrene inside the cavity of calix[ 6] arene and calix[ 8] arene, with this feature much more evident for calix[ 6] arene. For calix[ 4] arene, only a monomer fits inside the cavity and the presence of pyrene microcrystals outside the cavity was detected. A luminescence lifetime distribution analysis was performed, revealing the presence of prompt emissions from the pyrene microcrystals outside the cavity in the case of calix[ 4] arene and from the constrained dimers inside the cavities of calix[ 6] arene and calix[ 8] arene. Transient absorption results have shown the presence of pyrene radical cation and also of trapped electrons for the three hosts under study. The formation of the phenoxyl radical of the calixarene following the laser pulsed excitation of pyrene at 355 nm is increased for calix[ 6] arene and calix[ 8] arene. This feature is particularly relevant for calix[ 6] arene, suggesting a very favourable situation for the hydrogen atom abstraction to occur. The analysis of the degradation products revealed the presence of hydroxypyrene as a major photodegradation product for the three hosts. Dihydro-hydroxypyrene was also formed in the case of calix[ 6] arene and calix[ 8] arene. The formation of the calixarene's phenoxyl radical and subsequent hydrogen abstraction is consistent with the formation of dihydro-dihydroxypyrene

Intake, nutrients digestibility and nitrogen balance of elephant grass silages with mango by-product addition.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of elephant grass silages with increasing levels of dried mango by-product (DMB). Five addition levels were studied (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16%) using 20 rams, in a randomized complete design with five treatments (addition levels) and four replications. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) intake and digestibility were evaluated, as well as the total digestible nutrients (TDN) and the silage nitrogen balance (NB). Mango by-product addition did not influence the DM, CP and TC intakes, the TDN level or the OM, CT and NFC digestibilities. On the other hand, DMB addition reduced the NDF and the ADF intakes, as well as the DM, CP, NDF and ADF digestibilities, and the NB of the silages. There was also a increasing linear effect of DMB addition on the EE and NFC intakes, and on EE digestibility. The elephant grass silage with DMB by-product may not be used as a single feed to ruminants because it reduces the NDF and the ADF intakes and the DM, CP, NDF and ADF digestibilities, as well as the nitrogen balance

Alternativa tecnológica para aumentar a disponibilidade de agua no Semi-Árido.

Armazenar agua em aquiferos artificiais, por meio de barragens subterraneas, pode ser uma alternativa capaz de suprir as necessidades de agua do meio rural, principalmente para consumo vegetal. Na construcao dessas barragens pode-se utilizar material disponivel na propria regiao, como argila, alvenaria, concreto ou lona plastica. Este trabalho objetivou analisar a viabilidade tecnico-economica de uma barragem subterranea construida no municipio de Alexandria, RN, utilizando-se lona plastica de polietileno, confirmando-se que, mesmo na estacao seca, o conteudo de agua disponivel no solo foi suficiente para suprir as necessidades de agua das culturas, possibilitando a exploracao agricola durante todo o ano. Nestas condicoes, verificou-se aumento significativo na producao das culturas de milho, feijao e arroz, quando comparada com os anos anteriores, em condicoes de solo e clima semelhantes. O aumento da produtividade permitiu ao agricultor comercializar o excedente da producao, aumentar sua renda familiar e dispor de restos culturais para complementar a alimentacao do rebanho

Efeito do manejo de rebrotas de espécies lenhosas da caatinga sobre o crescimento em altura das hastes.

Resumo: O experimento foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito do manejo de rebrotas de cinco espécies lenhosas da caatinga sobre o crescimento em altura das hastes. As espécies lenhosas foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos no delineamento inteiramente casualizado: 1 - preservação de uma haste; 2 - preservação de duas hastes; 3 - preservação de três hastes; 4 - preservação de todas as hastes. As plantas submetidas ao manejo de preservação de uma haste apresentaram maior crescimento de haste e o menor crescimento de haste foi observado para plantas submetidas ao tratamento de preservação de todas as hastes. Dentre as espécies lenhosas estudadas, a jurema preta (Mimosa hostilis) apresentou maior crescimento das hastes e a catingueira (Caesalpinia bracteosa), o menor crescimento de hastes sendo recomendada a sua preservação e uso como recurso forrageiro. A preservação de uma haste por planta propicia o maior crescimento em altura de hastes de espécies lenhosas da caatinga e, a exceção da catingueira, as demais espécies apresentam potencial para produção simultânea de lenha e forragem. [Effect of the management of the sprouts of the tree species of caating on the growth in the height of the stems]. Abstract - The experiment was carried to evaluate the effect of the management of sprouts of five woody species of caatinga on the growth in height of the stems. The woody species were assigned to a completely randomized design to the following treatments: 1-preservation of one stem; 2-preservation of two stems; 3-preservation of three stems; 4-preservation of all of the stems. Plants submitted to the management of preservation of one stem presented larger stem growth and the smallest stem growth was observed for plants submitted to the treatment of preservation of all of the stems. Among the studied woody species, the Mimosa hostilis presented larger growth of the stems and Caesalpinia bracteosa, the smallest growth of stems being recommended to preservation and use as resource forage. The preservation of one stem for plant propitiates the largest growth in height of stems of woody species of caatinga and, the exception of the Caesalpinia bracteosa, the other species present potential for simultaneous production of firewood and forage

Electrochemical properties of oxygen-enriched carbon-based nanomaterials

The introduction of oxygen moieties on a carbon-based material to enhance the electrode material activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a most unexplored experimental approach due to the risk of reducing the electron-transport ability of the electrode material. Herein, it is shown that carbon nanomaterials generated electrochemically from graphite can simultaneously show an anomalous high content of oxygen functionalities and a high heterogeneous electron transfer rate. This study was demonstrated with a set of four samples, prepared at different galvanostatic conditions. All the samples display a non-ordered carbon network dominated by aromatic rings, an O/C ratio greater than 0.4, but different amounts of various oxygen-containing functionalities. The electron-transport properties of the obtained films were appraised by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The application of these metal-free electrode materials to the ORR in the alkaline medium has shown a direct correlation between the materials catalytic activity (potential onset, kinetic current and number of electrons transferred) and the Cdouble bondO amount, whereas a negative correlation was found for Csingle bondO. Their excellent ability for the H2O2 reduction was also demonstrated. This work opens a new perspective on the use of highly oxidized carbon nanomaterials in electrocatalysis.publishe

Vine performance and physicochemical characteristics of berries of new wine grape cultivars in the São Francisco Valley.

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and characteristics of the grapes as subsidies to the recommendation of new wine grape cultivars for the São Francisco Valley

Electrostatic interactions between graphene layers and their environment

We analyze the electrostatic interactions between a single graphene layer and a SiO$_2$ susbtrate, and other materials which may exist in its environment. We obtain that the leading effects arise from the polar modes at the SiO$_2$ surface, and water molecules, which may form layers between the graphene sheet and the substrate. The strength of the interactions implies that graphene is pinned to the substrate at distances greater than a few lattice spacings. The implications for graphene nanoelectromechanical systems, and for the interaction between graphene and a STM tip are also considered.Comment: improved introduction, section on suspended graphene correcte

Heritability of motor skills: Study with monozygotic and dizygotic twins

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el poder relativo de contribución genética y ambiental de la variación de capacidades motoras en gemelos monocigóticos y dicigóticos. Método: participado 88 sujetos divididos en 56 monocigóticos y 32 dicigóticos de ambos sexos. Para la evaluación de la flexibilidad fue realizado el test de flexión de cadera; para la potencia de miembros inferiores fue aplicado el test contra movimiento y para la velocidad de desplazamiento, el test de carrera de 30m. Para determinar el índice de heredabilidad, utilizamos la ecuación: (h²) = (S²DZ–S²MZ)/S²DZx100. Fue utilizado tratamiento descriptivo y el test Shapiro-Wilk. Con la varianza de datos fueron calculados valores de tendencia central. Los datos fueron categorizados en percentiles de 25%. Resultados: flexibilidad 16%, velocidad de desplazamiento 83% y potencia de los miembros inferiores 70%.Conclusión: Fue evidenciado mayor heredabilidad para las variables de potencia y velocidad, y mayor influencia ambiental para la flexibilidadThe aim of the study was to assess the relative power of genetic and environmental contributions to the variation of motor skills in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Method: For this study, participated 88 people divided in 56 monozygotic and 32 dizygotic twins of both sexes. For the assessment the flexibility, was performed hip flexion test, for assessment the lower limb power, was applied the test against movement and the speed of movement, the 30m running test. To determine the index of heritability, was used an equation: (h ²) = (S ²MZ- S²DZ) / S²DZx100. For the statistic, was used the descriptive treatment and Shapiro-Wilk test. The variance values were calculated, through the tendency central values. Data were categorized into percentiles of 25%. Results: Flexibility was 16% by heritability influence, speed of movement 83% of influence and for the lower limbs power were 70%. Conclusion: In this study was demonstrated higher heritability for the variables of lower limbs power and the speed of movement, and for the flexibility, a greater influence was linked for environmental factor