233 research outputs found
Probing the Solar Atmosphere Using Oscillations of Infrared CO Spectral Lines
Oscillations were observed across the whole solar disk using the Doppler
shift and line depth of spectral lines from the CO molecule near 4666~nm with
the National Solar Observatory's McMath/Pierce solar telescope. Power,
coherence, and phase spectra were examined, and diagnostic diagrams reveal
power ridges at the solar global mode frequencies to show that these
oscillations are solar p-modes. The phase was used to determine the height of
formation of the CO lines by comparison with the IR continuum intensity phase
shifts as measured in Kopp et al., 1992; we find the CO line formation height
varies from 425 < z < 560 km as we move from disk center towards the solar limb
1.0 > mu > 0.5. The velocity power spectra show that while the sum of the
background and p-mode power increases with height in the solar atmosphere as
seen in previous work, the power in the p-modes only (background subtracted)
decreases with height, consistent with evanescent waves. The CO line depth
weakens in regions of stronger magnetic fields, as does the p-mode oscillation
power. Across most of the solar surface the phase shift is larger than the
expected value of 90 degrees for an adiabatic atmosphere. We fit the phase
spectra at different disk positions with a simple atmospheric model to
determine that the acoustic cutoff frequency is about 4.5 mHz with only small
variations, but that the thermal relaxation frequency drops significantly from
2.7 to 0 mHz at these heights in the solar atmosphere
Proper orthogonal decomposition of solar photospheric motions
The spatio-temporal dynamics of the solar photosphere is studied by
performing a Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) of line of sight velocity
fields computed from high resolution data coming from the MDI/SOHO instrument.
Using this technique, we are able to identify and characterize the different
dynamical regimes acting in the system. Low frequency oscillations, with
frequencies in the range 20-130 microHz, dominate the most energetic POD modes
(excluding solar rotation), and are characterized by spatial patterns with
typical scales of about 3 Mm. Patterns with larger typical scales of 10 Mm, are
associated to p-modes oscillations at frequencies of about 3000 microHz.Comment: 8 figures in jpg in press on PR
Time series of high resolution photospheric spectra in a quiet region of the Sun. I. Analysis of global and spatial variations of line parameters
A 50 min time series of one-dimensional slit-spectrograms, taken in quiet sun
at disk center, observed at the German Vacuum Tower Telescope (Observatorio del
Teide), was used to study the global and spatial variations of different line
parameters. In order to determine the vertical structure of the photosphere two
lines with well separated formation heights have been considered. The data have
been filtered of p-modes to isolate the pure convective phenomenon. From our
studies of global correlation coefficients and coherence and phase shift
analyzes between the several line parameters, the following results can be
reported. The convective velocity pattern preserves structures larger than 1.0"
up to the highest layers of the photosphere (~ 435 km). However, at these
layers, in the intensity pattern only structures larger than 2.0" are still
connected with those at the continuum level although showing inverted
brightness contrast. This confirms an inversion of temperature that we have
found at a height of ~140 km. A possible evidence of gravity waves superimposed
to the convective motions is derived from the phase shift analysis. We
interpret the behavior of the full width at half maximum and the equivalent
width as a function of the distance to the granular borders, as a consequence
of enhanced turbulence and/or strong velocity gradients in the intergranular
lanes.Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables; Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 408,
p.363-378, 200
Dynamics of the solar chromosphere. V. High-frequency modulation in ultraviolet image sequences from TRACE
We search for signatures of high-frequency oscillations in the upper solar
photosphere and low chromosphere in the context of acoustic heating of outer
stellar atmospheres. We use ultraviolet image sequences of a quiet center-disk
area from the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) mission which were
taken with strict cadence regularity. The latter permits more reliable
high-frequency diagnosis than in earlier work. Spatial Fourier power maps,
spatially averaged coherence and phase-difference spectra, and spatio-temporal
k-f decompositions all contain high-frequency features that at first sight seem
of considerable intrinsic interest but actually are more likely to represent
artifacts of different nature. Spatially averaged phase difference measurement
provides the most sensitive diagnostic and indicates the presence of acoustic
modulation up to f=20 mHz (periods down to 50 seconds) in internetwork areas.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure
Acute Myocarditis â A Trigger of Cardiac Autoimmunity? Expected Insights from the Etiology, Titre-Course, and Effect on Survival of Cardiac Autoantibodies (ETiCS) Study
Quiet-Sun imaging asymmetries in NaI D1 compared with other strong Fraunhofer lines
Imaging spectroscopy of the solar atmosphere using the NaI D1 line yields
marked asymmetry between the blue and red line wings: sampling a quiet-Sun area
in the blue wing displays reversed granulation, whereas sampling in the red
wing displays normal granulation. The MgI b2 line of comparable strength does
not show this asymmetry, nor does the stronger CaII 8542 line. We demonstrate
the phenomenon with near-simultaneous spectral images in NaI D1, MgI b2, and
CaII 8542 from the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope. We then explain it with
line-formation insights from classical 1D modeling and with a 3D
magnetohydrodynamical simulation combined with NLTE spectral line synthesis
that permits detailed comparison with the observations in a common format. The
cause of the imaging asymmetry is the combination of correlations between
intensity and Dopplershift modulation in granular overshoot and the sensitivity
to these of the steep profile flanks of the NaI D1 line. The MgI b2 line has
similar core formation but much wider wings due to larger opacity buildup and
damping in the photosphere. Both lines obtain marked core asymmetry from
photospheric shocks in or near strong magnetic concentrations, less from
higher-up internetwork shocks that produce similar asymmetry in the spatially
averaged CaII 8542 profile.Comment: Accepted by Astron & Astrophys. In each in-text citation the year
links to the corresponding ADS abstract pag
Analysis of the solar cycle and core rotation using 15 years of Mark-I observations:1984-1999. I. The solar cycle
High quality observations of the low-degree acoustic modes (p-modes) exist
for almost two complete solar cycles using the solar spectrophotometer Mark-I,
located at the Observatorio del Teide (Tenerife, Spain) and operating now as
part of the Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON). We have performed a
Fourier analysis of 30 calibrated time-series of one year duration covering a
total period of 15 years between 1984 and 1999. Applying different techniques
to the resulting power spectra, we study the signature of the solar activity
changes on the low-degree p-modes. We show that the variation of the central
frequencies and the total velocity power (TVP) changes. A new method of
simultaneous fit is developed and a special effort has been made to study the
frequency-dependence of the frequency shift. The results confirm a variation of
the central frequencies of acoustic modes of about 450 nHz, peak-to-peak, on
average for low degree modes between 2.5 and 3.7 mHz. The TVP is
anti-correlated with the common activity indices with a decrease of about 20%
between the minimum and the maximum of solar cycle 22. The results are compared
with those obtained for intermediate degrees, using the LOWL data. The
frequency shift is found to increase with the degree with a weak l-dependence
similar to that of the inverse mode mass. This verifies earlier suggestions
that near surface effects are predominant.Comment: Accepted by A&A October 3 200
The Quiet-Sun Photosphere and Chromosphere
The overall structure and the fine structure of the solar photosphere outside
active regions are largely understood, except possibly important roles of a
turbulent near-surface dynamo at its bottom, internal gravity waves at its top,
and small-scale vorticity. Classical 1D static radiation-escape modelling has
been replaced by 3D time-dependent MHD simulations that come closer to reality.
The solar chromosphere, in contrast, remains ill-understood although its
pivotal role in coronal mass and energy loading makes it a principal research
area. Its fine structure defines its overall structure, so that hard-to-observe
and hard-to-model small-scale dynamical processes are the key to understanding.
However, both chromospheric observation and chromospheric simulation presently
mature towards the required sophistication. The open-field features seem of
greater interest than the easier-to-see closed-field features.Comment: Accepted for special issue "Astrophysical Processes on the Sun" of
Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A, ed. C. Parnell. Note: clicking on the year in a
citation opens the corresponding ADS abstract page in the browse
Theory of Stellar Oscillations
In recent years, astronomers have witnessed major progresses in the field of
stellar physics. This was made possible thanks to the combination of a solid
theoretical understanding of the phenomena of stellar pulsations and the
availability of a tremendous amount of exquisite space-based asteroseismic
data. In this context, this chapter reviews the basic theory of stellar
pulsations, considering small, adiabatic perturbations to a static, spherically
symmetric equilibrium. It starts with a brief discussion of the solar
oscillation spectrum, followed by the setting of the theoretical problem,
including the presentation of the equations of hydrodynamics, their
perturbation, and a discussion of the functional form of the solutions.
Emphasis is put on the physical properties of the different types of modes, in
particular acoustic (p-) and gravity (g-) modes and their propagation cavities.
The surface (f-) mode solutions are also discussed. While not attempting to be
comprehensive, it is hoped that the summary presented in this chapter addresses
the most important theoretical aspects that are required for a solid start in
stellar pulsations research.Comment: Lecture presented at the IVth Azores International Advanced School in
Space Sciences on "Asteroseismology and Exoplanets: Listening to the Stars
and Searching for New Worlds" (arXiv:1709.00645), which took place in Horta,
Azores Islands, Portugal in July 201
The Position of High Frequency Waves with Respect to the Granulation Pattern
High frequency velocity oscillations were observed in the spectral lines Fe I
543.45nm and 543.29nm, using 2D spectroscopy with a Fabry- Perot and speckle
reconstruction, at the VTT in Tenerife. We investigate the radial component of
waves with frequencies in the range 8 - 22mHz in the internetwork, network and
a pore. We find that the occurrence of waves do not show any preference on
location and are equally distributed over down-flows and up-flows, regardless
of the activity of the observed area in the line of Fe I 543.45nm. The waves
observed in the lower formed line of Fe I 543.29nm seem to appear
preferentially over down-flows.Comment: Article has 12 pages and 7 images. It is accepted in Solar Physics
Journa
- âŠ