Culture de trois espèces fongiques sauvages comestibles du Groupement de Kisantu (R.D. Congo) sur des substrats ligno-cellulosiques compostés

Des essais de culture de trois souches de trois espèces de champignons lignicoles comestibles: Pleurotus cystidiosus O.K. Miller, Lentinus cladopus Lév. et Marasmius buzungolo Singer isolées sur milieu gélosé PDA et dont les mycéliums ont été repiqués sur substrats de semis de grains de maïs et de sciure de bois ont produit des sporophores sur substrats ligno-cellulosiques faits de pailles de la graminée sauvage (Digitaria polybotrya), sciure de bois, gousses sèches d’Acacia auriculiformis, feuilles sèches de bananier, bagasse de canne à sucre et inflorescences mâles de palmier de palmier à huile trempés dans l’eau de distribution pendant 24 heures, fermentés sous bâche pendant 10 jours et compostés pendant 30 jours avant d'être pasteurisés par immersion dans l’eau chaude ou dans un baril de 200 litres pendant 6 h et stérilisés. Des rendements moyens les plus élevés suivants en sporophores ont été enregistrés avec la souche locale de Pleurotus cystidiosus O.K.Miller sur BCP (22%) et BCS (23%), STS (24%) et SFP (25%), GCP (15%), PCP (17%), FBCS (22%) et ICS (17%). Des rendements moyens de 12% ont été enregistrés avec la souche locale de Lentinus cladopus, sur les substrats SFP, SCP et GCP. Des rendements moyens respectifs de 10%, 15% et 17% ont été enregistrés sur les substrats SFP, SCP et GCP. Ce travail constitue une contribution à la mise en culture de souches locales de champignons comestibles par des méthodes simples et moins coûteuses.Mots-clés: champignons lignicoles comestibles, culture, substrat ligno-cellulosique, RD Congo. Culture of three wild edible fungal species of the Group of Kisantu (DR Congo) on lignocellulosic substrates -cellulosiques compostedCultivation trials of three strains of three species of edible wood fungi: Pleurotus cystidiosus OK Miller, Lentinus cladopus Lev. and Marasmius buzungolo Singer agar medium on isolated PDA and whose mycelia were transplanted on substrates planting corn and sawdust grains produced fruit bodies on lignocellulosic substrates made of straw wild grass (Digitaria polybotrya) sawdust, dry pods of Acacia auriculiformis, dry banana leaves, sugar cane bagasse and male inflorescences oil palm palm soaked in tap water for 24 hours, fermented under cover for 10 days and composted for 30 days before being pasteurized by immersion in hot water or in a 200 liter drum for 6 h and sterilized. Following the highest average yields fruit bodies were registered with the local strain of Pleurotus cystidiosus OK Miller on BCP (22%) and BCS (23%), STS (24%) and SFP (25%), GCP (15% ), PCP (17%), FBCS (22%) and ICS (17%). 12% of the average yields were recorded with the local strain of Lentinus cladopus on the SFP substrates, SCP and GCP. Respective average yields of 10%, 15% and 17% were recorded on SFP substrates, SCP and GCP. This work is a contribution to the cultivation of local strains of edible mushrooms with simple and less costly methods.Keywords: edible mushrooms lignicolous, culture, sporophores, lignocellulosic substrate, DR of Cong

Indigenous oak decline in Western Europe. Note 1 - Loss of vitality symptoms

Having defined the decline concept, the reasons of loss of vitality for in¬digenous oaks are reviewed according to three types of factors (predisposing, inciting and contributing). The easy identifiable symptoms are early defoliation and discolouration which are regularly watched everywhere in the European Community. Various other symptoms could be noticed during researches carried out in Belgium. They are in relation with the vitality of the crown (twigs dying or fall, one-year twigfall), the ramification (reduced ultimate ramification, short internodes), the bark (desquamation, beetles galleries, presence of Armil¬laria, loosening, black dripping and fall), the reduced diameter increment and the roots (breakage, darkening). These symptoms are described and their possible origins discussed

What are we measuring? A critique of range of motion methods currently in use for Dupuytren's disease and recommendations for practice

Background: Range of motion is the most frequently reported measure used in practice to evaluate outcomes. A goniometer is the most reliable tool to assess range of motion yet, the lack of consistency in reporting prevents comparison between studies. The aim of this study is to identify how range of motion is currently assessed and reported in Dupuytren’s disease literature. Following analysis recommendations for practice will be made to enable consistency in future studies for comparability. This paper highlights the variation in range of motion reporting in Dupuytren’s disease. Methods: A Participants, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study design format was used for the search strategy and search terms. Surgery, needle fasciotomy or collagenase injection for primary or recurrent Dupuytren’s disease in adults were included if outcomes were monitored using range of motion to record change. A literature search was performed in May 2013 using subject heading and free-text terms to also capture electronic publications ahead of print. In total 638 publications were identified and following screening 90 articles met the inclusion criteria. Data was extracted and entered onto a spreadsheet for analysis. A thematic analysis was carried out to establish any duplication, resulting in the final range of motion measures identified. Results: Range of motion measurement lacked clarity, with goniometry reportedly used in only 43 of the 90 studies, 16 stated the use of a range of motion protocol. A total of 24 different descriptors were identified describing range of motion in the 90 studies. While some studies reported active range of motion, others reported passive or were unclear. Eight of the 24 categories were identified through thematic analysis as possibly describing the same measure, ‘lack of joint extension’ and accounted for the most frequently used. Conclusions: Published studies lacked clarity in reporting range of motion, preventing data comparison and meta-analysis. Percentage change lacks context and without access to raw data, does not allow direct comparison of baseline characteristics. A clear description of what is being measured within each study was required. It is recommended that range of motion measuring and reporting for Dupuytren’s disease requires consistency to address issues that fall into 3 main categories:- Definition of terms Protocol statement Outcome reportin

Optimal functional outcome measures for assessing treatment for Dupuytren's disease: A systematic review and recommendations for future practice

This article is available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund. Copyright © 2013 Ball et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.Background: Dupuytren's disease of the hand is a common condition affecting the palmar fascia, resulting in progressive flexion deformities of the digits and hence limitation of hand function. The optimal treatment remains unclear as outcomes studies have used a variety of measures for assessment. Methods: A literature search was performed for all publications describing surgical treatment, percutaneous needle aponeurotomy or collagenase injection for primary or recurrent Dupuytren’s disease where outcomes had been monitored using functional measures. Results: Ninety-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-two studies reported outcomes using patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) ranging from validated questionnaires to self-reported measures for return to work and self-rated disability. The Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score was the most utilised patient-reported function measure (n=11). Patient satisfaction was reported by eighteen studies but no single method was used consistently. Range of movement was the most frequent physical measure and was reported in all 91 studies. However, the methods of measurement and reporting varied, with seventeen different techniques being used. Other physical measures included grip and pinch strength and sensibility, again with variations in measurement protocols. The mean follow-up time ranged from 2 weeks to 17 years. Conclusions: There is little consistency in the reporting of outcomes for interventions in patients with Dupuytren’s disease, making it impossible to compare the efficacy of different treatment modalities. Although there are limitations to the existing generic patient reported outcomes measures, a combination of these together with a disease-specific questionnaire, and physical measures of active and passive individual joint Range of movement (ROM), grip and sensibility using standardised protocols should be used for future outcomes studies. As Dupuytren’s disease tends to recur following treatment as well as extend to involve other areas of the hand, follow-up times should be standardised and designed to capture both short and long term outcomes

Validity of the disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand patient-reported outcome measure (DASH) and the Quickdash when used in Dupuytren’s disease

This study investigated aspects of the validity and reliability of the 30-item Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand patient-reported outcome measure (DASH) and its relationship with the shorter 11-item QuickDASH in patients with Dupuytren’s disease. Seven hundred and fifty-nine DASH questionnaires were studied, covering pre- and postoperative patients undergoing different treatments for Dupuytren’s disease. Items related to pain rose early after treatment before returning to baseline, suggesting that studying pain is relevant during postoperative recovery. Across all 759 sets of responses, the QuickDASH agreed closely with the DASH. In exploratory factor analysis, the DASH was not unidimensional, questioning the validity of the DASH summary score in Dupuytren’s disease. Further validation of existing PROMs for use in Dupuytren’s disease is needed. These data suggest that pain is a relevant symptom to study during postoperative recovery following treatment for Dupuytren’s disease

Enhanced Characterization of the Smell of Death by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS)

Soon after death, the decay process of mammalian soft tissues begins and leads to the release of cadaveric volatile compounds in the surrounding environment. The study of postmortem decomposition products is an emerging field of study in forensic science. However, a better knowledge of the smell of death and its volatile constituents may have many applications in forensic sciences. Domestic pigs are the most widely used human body analogues in forensic experiments, mainly due to ethical restrictions. Indeed, decomposition trials on human corpses are restricted in many countries worldwide. This article reports on the use of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS) for thanatochemistry applications. A total of 832 VOCs released by a decaying pig carcass in terrestrial ecosystem, i.e. a forest biotope, were identified by GCxGC-TOFMS. These postmortem compounds belong to many kinds of chemical class, mainly oxygen compounds (alcohols, acids, ketones, aldehydes, esters), sulfur and nitrogen compounds, aromatic compounds such as phenolic molecules and hydrocarbons. The use of GCxGC-TOFMS in study of postmortem volatile compounds instead of conventional GC-MS was successful