Energy Controlled Edge Formation for Graphene Nano Ribbons

On the basis of first principles calculations, we report energy estimated to cut a graphene sheet into nanoribbons of armchair and zigzag configurations. Our calculations show that the energy required to cut a graphene sheet into zigzag configuration is higher than that of armchair configuration by an order of 0.174 eV. Thus, a control over the threshold energy might be helpful in designing an experiment for cutting a graphene sheet into smooth edged armchair or zigzag configurations

Gender Disparity and Its Impact on Higher Education

Educational research on gender has expanded beyond biological differences to the study of social interactions, during which individuals construct gender-related achievement differences. The issue of gender disparity is one which has been publicly reverberating through society for decades. This paper “Gender Disparity and Its Impact on Higher Education” reviews a diverse literature on gender and higher education. Gender inequality is more pronounced in some aspects of the educational systems than in others. Explanations of gender inequality in higher education should distinguish between these different aspects of education and should explain those contexts in which women have attained parity as well as those in which they continue to lag behind. The methodology followed will be qualitative interpretative where the focus will be on the correlation between gender disparity and its impact on higher education i.e. What aspects of education exhibit the most pronounced gender disparities?, Has the educational system merely reflected developments in the rest of society? This paper will also deal with what is being done to solve this problem and what kind of remedial measures would be employed.Key words: Gender, inequality, education, challenges, opportunities, remedial measure

A Novel Algorithm for AODV to Enhance the Efficiency and Performance of the MANET

Network security and performance are significant topics discussed in academic and Industrial research. Every application depends on the performance and efficiency of the network. Routing protocols and mechanisms play an essential role. AODV routing protocol is considered standard in many aspects, primarily due to the increasing efficiency requirements in various applications. There are different approaches in the literature trying to improve the performance. Some studies considered multiple parameters such as density and mobility of the data nodes. This research study evaluates the two critical parameters that contribute to the overall efficiency and performance of the network – throughput and route resilience. A new version of enhanced AODV is proposed in this paper that uses an iterative approach to check for each parameter and adjust the values accordingly until the required threshold level of efficiency is reached. The solution is explained in different categories pertaining to each network parameter. The proposed algorithm is simulated on a network tool, and the results show that the enhanced version of the routing protocol is promising and can be further extended to introduce new modes for higher efficiency and lower power consumption

Novel Approach For Hybrid-Multi Level Filter Design For Wireless Applications

Less time and less delay is required for fast processing for filter. The one challenge in processing of image we design a matched filter based algorithm. That is resilient to variation in position determination. The second challenge is to fast process of filter. The match filter works to identify the passion of beam result and compared to that obtaining using the centroiding technique. This process required extra processing time for each beam. So, for fast implementation processing and less delay time we explore the possibility of using a field programming logic array and parallels combination of each delay block to speed up this computation. The second objective can achieve by the parallel hardware used that provides significant performance improvement over processing. This paper describes the development of match filter with less delay and fast processing

Effects of Cheating on Accurate Assessment

In the view of Boud and Falchikov (2006) assessment has the clear purpose of certifying a level of attainment of a student at the point of completion of a course or a program. To produce sufficient number of ethical citizens, advancement of the quality of student performance assessment has been irrefutably recognized. Student performance assessment is a procedure to confirm institutional efficiency. Student assessments are widely accepted as an important part of the learning process. Thus, the primary purpose of this study is to scrutinize the impacts of exam administration and student-paper scoring approaches on accurate performance assessment, taking the case of one of the Universities in Ethiopia and the world in general

Screening of salt tolerant endophytic bacteria with plant growth promoting characters isolated from Acanthus ilicifolius L., a species of mangrove ecosystem located at Corangi wildlife sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh

Mangroves harbour many beneficial microorganisms in their rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endophytically, which forms an ideal ecological habitation for isolating halotolerant endophytic bacteria with unique characteristics. Endophytes can produce numerous bioactive secondary metabolites and phytohormones, which may be directly or in some way beneficial to the host plant.   The present study aimed to identify novel endophytes capable of producing plant growth-promoting substances. The mangrove plants Acanthus ilicifolius L. at Corangi Wildlife Sanctuary were selected, and their leaves and roots were collected for endophyte isolation. Eight isolates from the leaves and roots were collected, purified and preserved. All these isolates were subjected to morphological, phenotypical and biochemical studies. Isolates were grown best at 3% NaCl nutrient agar and could tolerate salinity upto 8%NaCl. Most of them could grow upto 42°C. The majority were gram’s positive, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped and some were gram’s negative, rod-shaped organisms. Many of the endophytic organisms had the ability to synthesize Indole-3-acetic acid(IAA) varied from 0.7 µg/ml (AIL1) to 51.0 µg/ml (AIL2) and the highest phosphate solubilizing ability was recorded with AIR3 (3.71 ppm) followed by AIR4 (3.00 ppm) and lowest was recorded by AIL4 (1.80 ppm). Among total isolates, AIL2 (51µg/ml) showed promising potential in producing IAA and had phosphate solubilization ability. Based on 16S ribosomal RNA molecular method the isolate AIL2 was identified as Bacillus altitudinis. This is the first to report that B.altitudinis strain AIL2 isolated from A.ilicifolius L. could produce IAA, which can be used as a bioinoculant in agriculture and allied sector

Isolation, screening, and characterization of plant growth enhancing endophytic bacteria from halophytic Heliotropium curassavicum L. collected from salt stress areas of Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh

Farmers use excessive chemical fertilizers to boost crop productivity to meet growing agricultural demands. However, this practice is costly and environmentally hazardous. Sustainable increase in crop yield can be achieved through alternatives like microbial-based fertilizers. In the quest to identify plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria, the present study was carried out and selected unexplored halophytic plant Heliotropium curassavicum L. Thirteen endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from both aerial and root portions of H.curassavicum. These isolates were tested for salt tolerance, enzyme production, and synthesis of growth-promoting secondary metabolites, like Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and phosphate solubilization . Most of the isolates belonged to the Bacillus family, exhibiting varying Gram staining and biochemical reactions. The majority are Gram-positive bacteria, non-motile, spore formers, and exist in two cells or chains. All isolates could tolerate up to 10% NaCl concentration and a temperature of 42°C. Based on phenotypic, bio-chemical characteristics, isolate HCR3 showed promising properties in synthesizing IAA and phosphate solubilization abilities. The isolate HCR3 grew well upto 10% NaCl concentration and also 42°C temperature. Based on molecular characterization by using 16S rRNA gene-based analysis HCR3 isolate was identified and belonged to the Genus Pseudomonas with the highest similarity index with Pseudomonas khazarica sp. HCR3 showed IAA production of 37µg ml-1, had a phosphate solubilization ability of 3.5 ppm, and recorded protease activity on gelatin medium. The findings highlight the potential of HCR3 and other strains from halophytic H. curassavicum L. to enhance plant growth through secondary bioactive metabolites, offering eco-friendly solutions for sustainable agriculture

Analysis of Chlorophyll Content and Its Correlation with Yield Attributing Traits on Early Varieties of Maize (Zea Mays L.)

Chlorophyll has direct roles on photosynthesis and hence closely relates to capacity for photosynthesis, development and yield of crops. With object to explore the roles of chlorophyll content and its relation with other yield attributing traits a field research was conducted using fourteen early genotypes of maize in RCBD design with three replications. Observations were made for Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) reading, ear weight, number of kernel row/ear, number of kernel/row, five hundred kernel weight and grain yield/hectare and these traits were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and correlation coefficient analysis. SPAD reading showed a non-significant variation among the genotypes while it revealed significant correlation with no. of kernel/row, grain yield/hectare and highly significant correlation with no. of kernel row/ear and ear weight which are the most yield determinative traits. For the trait grain yield/ha followed by number of kernel row/ear genotype ARUN-1EV has been found comparatively superior to ARUN-2 (standard check). Grain Yield/hectare was highly heritable (>0.6) while no. of kernel / row, SPAD reading, ear weight, number of kernel row/ear were moderately heritable (0.3-0.6). Correlation analysis and ANOVA revealed ARUN-1EV, comparatively superior to ARUN-2 (standard check), had higher SPAD reading than mean SPAD reading with significant correlation with no. of kernel/row, no. of kernel row/ear, ear weight and grain yield/ha which are all yield determinative traits . This showed positive and significant effect of chlorophyll content in grain yield of the maize.Journal of Maize Research and Development (2015) 1(1):134-145DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3426