Cytokine regulation of adenylate cyclase activity in LLC-PK1 cells

Cytokine regulation of adenylate cyclase activity in LLC-PK1 cells. Although several cytokines have been demonstrated to exert pleiotropic responses, there is little information on cytokine regulation of renal tubular epithelial cell function. In the present studies, we find that both T cell-derived (tumor necrosis factor-β and interleukins 2 and 3) and monocyte/macrophage derived (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1β) cytokines promote basal, arginine vasopressin- and forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in cultured LLC-PK1 cells. No effect of TNF, IL-1β, and IL-2 to stimulate protein kinase C activity was observed. TNF-β, IL-1β and IL-2 also modestly stimulated 3H release from 3H-arachidonic acid labeled cells. Mepacrine, a phospholipase A inhibitor, prevented TNF-β stimulation of 3H release from 3H-arachidonic acid labeled cells and TNF-β potentiation of adenylate cyclase activity. TNF-β potentiation of adenylate cyclase activity and stimulation of 3H release from 3H arachidonic acid labeled cells was not prevented by pertussis toxin. These results demonstrate that several cytokines can stimulate adenylate cyclase activity while not affecting protein kinase C activity in cultured renal tubular epithelial cells. The effect of TNF-β to stimulate adenylate cyclase appears to occur independent of pertussis toxin-sensitive substrate and may involve activation of phospholipase A

Embedded motivational interviewing combined with a smartphone app to increase physical activity in people with sub-acute low back pain: study protocol of a cluster randomised control trial

Background: Motivational Interviewing is an evidence-based, client-centred counselling technique that has been used effectively to increase physical activity, including for people with low back pain. One barrier to implementing Motivational Interviewing in health care settings more broadly is the extra treatment time with therapists. The aim of this paper is to describe the design of a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effect of an intervention that pairs Motivational Interviewing embedded into usual physiotherapy care with a specifically designed app to increase physical activity in people with sub-acute low back pain. Methods: The study is a cluster randomised controlled in which patients aged over 18 years who have sub-acute low back pain (3–12 weeks duration) are recruited from four public hospital outpatient clinics. Based on the recruitment site, participants either receive usual physiotherapy care or the Motivational Interviewing intervention over 6 consecutive weekly outpatient sessions with a specifically designed app designed to facilitate participant-led physical activity behaviour change in between sessions. Outcome measures assessed at baseline and 7 weeks are: physical activity as measured by accelerometer (primary outcome), and pain-related activity restriction and pain self-efficacy (secondary outcomes). Postintervention interviews with physiotherapists and participants will be conducted as part of a process evaluation. Discussion: This intervention, which comprises trained physiotherapists conducting conversations about increasing physical activity with their patients in a manner consistent with Motivational Interviewing as part of usual care combined with a specifically designed app, has potential to facilitate behaviour change with minimal extra therapist time

Experiences influencing walking football initiation in 55-75 year-old adults

Adults aged 55 and older are least likely to play sport. Despite research suggesting this population experiences physical and psychological benefits when doing so, limited research focuses on older adult sport initiation, especially in “adapted sports” such as walking football. The aim of this study was to explore initiation experiences of walking football players between 55 and 75 years old. Semistructured interviews took place with 17 older adults playing walking football for 6 months minimum ( Mage = 64). Inductive analysis revealed six higher order themes representing preinitiation influences. Eight further higher order themes were found, relating to positive and negative experiences during initiation. Fundamental influences preinitiation included previous sporting experiences and values and perceptions. Emergent positive experiences during initiation included mental development and social connections. Findings highlight important individual and social influences when initiating walking football, which should be considered when encouraging 55- to 75-year-old adults to play adapted sport. Policy and practice recommendations are discussed

Exploring The Understanding And Application Of Motivational Interviewing In Applied Sport Psychology.

The purpose of this study was to explore how sport and exercise psychologists working in sport understand and use motivational interviewing (MI). Eleven practitioners participated in semi-structured interviews, and inductive thematic analysis identified themes linked to explicit use of MI, such as building engagement and exploring ambivalence to change; the value of MI, such as enhancing the relationship, rolling with resistance and integrating with other approaches; and barriers to the implementation of MI in sport psychology, such as a limited evidence-base in sport. Findings also indicated considerable implicit use of MI by participants, including taking an athlete-centred approach, supporting athlete autonomy, reflective listening, demonstrating accurate empathy, and taking a non-prescriptive, guiding role. This counselling style appears to have several tenets to enhance current practice in sport psychology, not least the enhancement of therapeutic alliance

Practitioners' use of motivational interviewing in sport: A qualitative enquiry

The purpose of this study was to explore the use of motivational interviewing (MI) in sport contexts by experts in that approach. Specifically, to understand which aspects of the MI approach are deemed valuable for working in sport, and begin to understand how these aspects are best applied. Nine practitioners participated in semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis identified themes related to core and sub-components of MI (e.g., relational spirit, technical microskills, applied tools and the MI communication styles continuum). Additional themes relate to integrating MI with other interventions, challenges of working with athletes (e.g., mandated attendance, ambivalence about change) and unique aspects of working in sport contexts (e.g., frequency, duration and location of contact points). Participants also outlined essential ingredients for an MI training curriculum for practitioners in sport. This counseling approach appears to have valuable relational and technical components to facilitate the building of the therapeutic alliance, enhance athlete readiness for change, and support delivery of action-orientated interventions in applied sport psychology. Key words: motivational interviewing; applied sport psychology; therapeutic alliance; ambivalence; integratio

Pathway to accommodate patients' spiritual needs

Many service users would like their spiritual needs to be taken into account during treatment and doing so has been shown to have positive benefits. However, this rarely happens in practice. Barriers to healthcare professionals providing spiritual care include embarrassment, lack of awareness and training, fear and lack of time. This article describes the development of a spirituality care pathway as part of a wider organisational initiative to offer spiritual support in mental health services. The process highlighted the importance of developing awareness and ownership of the need for spiritual care in all service areas and among service users. A range of spiritual interventions were identified and a process of monitoring and review introduced. The approach was appreciated by service users and staff, and was developed within existing professional and management processes

ACR: Attention Collaboration-based Regressor for Arbitrary Two-Hand Reconstruction

Reconstructing two hands from monocular RGB images is challenging due to frequent occlusion and mutual confusion. Existing methods mainly learn an entangled representation to encode two interacting hands, which are incredibly fragile to impaired interaction, such as truncated hands, separate hands, or external occlusion. This paper presents ACR (Attention Collaboration-based Regressor), which makes the first attempt to reconstruct hands in arbitrary scenarios. To achieve this, ACR explicitly mitigates interdependencies between hands and between parts by leveraging center and part-based attention for feature extraction. However, reducing interdependence helps release the input constraint while weakening the mutual reasoning about reconstructing the interacting hands. Thus, based on center attention, ACR also learns cross-hand prior that handle the interacting hands better. We evaluate our method on various types of hand reconstruction datasets. Our method significantly outperforms the best interacting-hand approaches on the InterHand2.6M dataset while yielding comparable performance with the state-ofthe-art single-hand methods on the FreiHand dataset. More qualitative results on in-the-wild and hand-object interaction datasets and web images/videos further demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for arbitrary hand reconstruction

Differences in older adult walking football initiation and maintenance influences across respondent characteristics: A cross-sectional survey

Despite health benefits gained from physical activity and sport participation, older adults are less likely to be active. This study investigates what influences 50–75-year-olds (N=439) to initiate and maintain walking football, across gender, socioeconomic status, number of health conditions and physical activity level. It also considers relationships between participant characteristics and influences, and intentions to play after a forced break (COVID-19). Results of a UK online cross-sectional survey found those with two or more health conditions rated social influences significantly higher in initiation and maintenance, than participants with no health conditions. Multiple regression analysis found a positive walking football culture and perceived use of maintenance resources contributed significantly to intentions to return to play after COVID-19 restrictions eased. Practitioners should consider providing opportunities for social connection, foster a positive walking football culture, and encourage players to utilise maintenance resources (e.g., scheduling sessions) in older adult walking football sessions. Keywords: behaviour change, soccer, physical activity, survey research, older adult