1,449 research outputs found
Perturbations in a Bouncing Brane Model
The question of how perturbations evolve through a bounce in the Cyclic and
Ekpyrotic models of the Universe is still a matter of ongoing debate. In this
report we show that the collision between boundary branes is in most cases
singular even in the full 5-D formalism, and that first order perturbation
theory breaks down for at least one perturbation variable. Only in the case
that the boundary branes approach each other with constant velocity shortly
before the bounce, can a consistent, non singular solution be found. It is then
possible to follow the perturbations explicitly until the actual collision. In
this case, we find that if a scale invariant spectrum developed on the hidden
brane, it will get transferred to the visible brane during the bounce.Comment: 15 pages, minor modifications, a few typos correcte
Study of the Growth of Entropy Modes in MSSM Flat Directions Decay: Constraints on the Parameter Space
We study how the resonant decay of moduli fields arising in the Minimal
Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) could affect large scale curvature
perturbations in the early universe. It has been known for some time that the
presence of entropy perturbations in a multi-component system can act as seeds
for the curvature perturbations on all scales. These entropy perturbations
could be amplified exponentially if one of the moduli decays via stochastic
resonance, affecting the curvature power spectrum in the process. By imposing
the COBE normalization on this power spectrum, one could put constraints on the
masses and couplings of the underlying particle physics model without having to
rely on collider experiments. We discuss in detail the case of the MSSM but
this method could be applied to other theories beyond the Standard Model.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, revtex4, comments added in section II, 1 reference
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Vector Perturbations in a Contracting Universe
In this note we show that vector perturbations exhibit growing mode solutions
in a contracting Universe, such as the contracting phase of the Pre Big Bang or
the Cyclic/Ekpyrotic models of the Universe. This is not a gauge artifact and
will in general lead to the breakdown of perturbation theory -- a severe
problem that has to be addressed in any bouncing model. We also comment on the
possibility of explaining, by means of primordial vector perturbations, the
existence of the observed large scale magnetic fields. This is possible since
they can be seeded by vorticity.Comment: v3. Two reference added; Identical with version accepted for
publication at PR
Native chick laminin-4 containing the beta 2 chain (s-laminin) promotes motor axon growth.
After denervation of muscle, motor axons reinnervate original synaptic sites. A recombinant fragment of the synapse specific laminin beta 2 chain (s-laminin) was reported to inhibit motor axon growth. Consequently, a specific sequence (leucine-arginine-glutamate, LRE) of the laminin beta 2 chain was proposed to act as a stop signal and to mediate specific reinnervation at the neuromuscular junction (Porter, B.E., J. Weis, and J.R. Sanes. 1995. Neuron. 14:549-559). We demonstrate here that native chick laminin-4, which contains the beta 2 chain and is present in the synaptic basement membrane, does not inhibit but rather promotes motor axon growth. In native heterotrimeric laminin, the LRE sequence of the beta 2 chain is found in a triple coiled-coil region that is formed by all three subunits. We show here that the effect of LRE depends on the structural context. Whereas a recombinant randomly coiled LRE peptide indeed inhibited outgrowth by chick motoneurons, a small recombinant triple coiled-coil protein containing this sequence did not
Dynamical Relaxation of the Cosmological Constant and Matter Creation in the Universe
In this Letter we discuss the issues of the graceful exit from inflation and
of matter creation in the context of a recent scenario \cite{RHBrev} in which
the back-reaction of long wavelength cosmological perturbations induces a
negative contribution to the cosmological constant and leads to a dynamical
relaxation of the bare cosmological constant. The initially large cosmological
constant gives rise to primordial inflation, during which cosmological
perturbations are stretched beyond the Hubble radius. The cumulative effect of
the long wavelength fluctuations back-reacts on the background geometry in a
form which corresponds to the addition of a negative effective cosmological
constant to the energy-momentum tensor. In the absence of an effective scalar
field driving inflation, whose decay can reheat the Universe, the challenge is
to find a mechanism which produces matter at the end of the relaxation process.
In this Letter, we point out that the decay of a condensate representing the
order parameter for a ``flat'' direction in the field theory moduli space can
naturally provide a matter generation mechanism. The order parameter is
displaced from its vacuum value by thermal or quantum fluctuations, it is
frozen until the Hubble constant drops to a sufficiently low value, and then
begins to oscillate about its ground state. During the period of oscillation it
can decay into Standard Model particles similar to how the inflaton decays in
scalar-field-driven models of inflation.Comment: 6 page
Trans-Planckian Physics and the Spectrum of Fluctuations in a Bouncing Universe
In this paper, we calculate the spectrum of scalar field fluctuations in a
bouncing, asymptotically flat Universe, and investigate the dependence of the
result on changes in the physics on length scales shorter than the Planck
length which are introduced via modifications of the dispersion relation. In
this model, there are no ambiguities concerning the choice of the initial
vacuum state. We study an example in which the final spectrum of fluctuations
depends sensitively on the modifications of the dispersion relation without
needing to invoke complex frequencies. Changes in the amplitude and in the
spectral index are possible, in addition to modulations of the spectrum. This
strengthens the conclusions of previous work in which the spectrum of
cosmological perturbations in expanding inflationary cosmologies was studied,
and it was found that, for dispersion relations for which the evolution is not
adiabatic, the spectrum changes from the standard prediction of
scale-invariance.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, RevTeX4. Analytical determination of the
spectrum, corrected some typos, conclusions unchange
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