Signal generator converts direct current to multiphase supplies

Multiphase wave generator uses multivibrators in a feedback control mode that produces output signal pairs that are impressed on the primary windings of inverter transformers sequentially with a 120 degree phase shift from each other

Distributed Snapshot algorithm for multi-active object-based applications

International audienceThis paper exposes an adaptation of the classic algorithm for consistent snapshot in distributed systems with asynchronous processes due to Chandy&Lamport. A snapshot in this context is described as the consistent set of states of all involved communicating processes that allows recovering the whole system after a crash. The reconstructed system state is consistent, even if messages injected into the system from the outside while the snapshot was ongoing may have been lost (if such messages can not be replayed). We expose how to adapt this algorithm to a particular distributed programming model, the Active Object model (in its multi-active version). We applied it successfully to a non trivial distributed application programmed using Active Objects serving as a publish/subscribe and storage of events middleware, dubbed the EventCloud

L’impact des chocs boursiers sur le crédit en France depuis le milieu des années quatre-vingt-dix.

This study attempts to distinguish, in the impact on credit in France, between the effects of stock market shocks occurred since the mid-1990s and more traditional effects, stemming from the business cycle. To do so, it uses a model focused on two financial assets: loans and equities. According to the simulations of this model, companies in France appear much more sensitive than households to stock market shocks. Wealth effects seem to have a fairly limited impact on loans to households. However, the balance sheet structure effect appears to be largely responsible for the expansion of loans to companies. The rise in stock prices in the latter half of the 1990s seems to have sharply increased companies' equity capital, thus allowing them to increase their leverage. The bursting of the equity bubble as of mid-2000 then appears to have contracted this positive credit gap but it was not entirely offset in 2004.Credit ; Shares ; Stock market shocks.

Conduction band offsets in CdZnSSe/ZnSSe single quantum wells measured by deep level transient spectroscopy

Conduction‐band offsets in wide‐band‐gap CdZnSSe/ZnSSe single quantum well structures have been characterized by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) measurements. 50 Å thick Cd0.3Zn0.7S0.06Se0.94 single quantum wells with ZnS0.06Se0.94 barriers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates. A thermal emission energy from the quaternary wells of 179±10 meV was measured. This corresponds to a conduction‐band offset energy of ∼251±20 meV. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/71191/2/APPLAB-68-25-3591-1.pd

Organic film thickness influence on the bias stress instability in Sexithiophene Field Effect Transistors

In this paper, the dynamics of bias stress phenomenon in Sexithiophene (T6) Field Effect Transistors (FETs) has been investigated. T6 FETs have been fabricated by vacuum depositing films with thickness from 10 nm to 130 nm on Si/SiO2 substrates. After the T6 film structural analysis by X-Ray diffraction and the FET electrical investigation focused on carrier mobility evaluation, bias stress instability parameters have been estimated and discussed in the context of existing models. By increasing the film thickness, a clear correlation between the stress parameters and the structural properties of the organic layer has been highlighted. Conversely, the mobility values result almost thickness independent

Dedication - John Simpson Hastings

The Board of Editors dedicates this issue of the Indiana Law Journal to the memory of the honorable John Simpson Hastings. In a manner befitting the man, many of Judge Hastings\u27 friends and associates have provided their personal remarks regarding his achievements on the bench and as an active alumnus of Indiana University. We hope that these remarks will serve in some small way to preserve the memory of a truly great man

Conspecific and Heterospecific Information Use in Bumblebees

Heterospecific social learning has been understudied in comparison to interactions between members of the same species. However, the learning mechanisms behind such information use can allow animals to be flexible in the cues that are used. This raises the question of whether conspecific cues are inherently more influential than cues provided by heterospecifics, or whether animals can simply use any cue that predicts fitness enhancing conditions, including those provided by heterospecifics. To determine how freely social information travels across species boundaries, we trained bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) to learn to use cues provided by conspecifics and heterospecific honey bees (Apis mellifera) to locate valuable floral resources. We found that heterospecific demonstrators did not differ from conspecifics in the extent to which they guided observers' choices, whereas various types of inorganic visual cues were consistently less effective than conspecifics. This was also true in a transfer test where bees were confronted with a novel flower type. However, in the transfer test, conspecifics were slightly more effective than heterospecific demonstrators. We then repeated the experiment with entirely naïve bees that had never foraged alongside conspecifics before. In this case, heterospecific demonstrators were equally efficient as conspecifics both in the initial learning task and the transfer test. Our findings demonstrate that social learning is not a unique process limited to conspecifics and that through associative learning, interspecifically sourced information can be just as valuable as that provided by conspecific individuals. Furthermore the results of this study highlight potential implications for understanding competition within natural pollinator communities

Modelling Hot Spots of Soil Loss by Wind Erosion (SoLoWind) in Western Saxony, Germany

Land Degradation and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. While it needs yet to be assessed whether or not wind erosion in Western Saxony is a major point of concern regarding land degradation and fertility, it has already been recognized that considerable off-site effects of wind erosion in the adjacent regions of Saxony-Anhalt and Brandenburg are connected to the spread of herbicides, pesticides and dust. So far, no wind erosion assessment for Western Saxony, Germany, exists. The wind erosion model previously applied for Germany (DIN standard 19706) is considering neither changes in wind direction over time nor influences of field size. This study aims to provide a first assessment of wind erosion for Western Saxony by extending the existing DIN model to a multidirectional model on soil loss by wind (SoLoWind) with new controlling factors (changing wind directions, soil cover, mean field length and mean protection zone) combined by fuzzy logic. SoLoWind is used for a local off-site effect evaluation in combination with high-resolution wind speed and wind direction data at a section of the highway A72. The model attributes 3·6% of the arable fields in Western Saxony to the very-high-wind erosion risk class. A relationship between larger fields (greater than 116 ha) and higher proportions (51·7%) of very-high-wind erosion risk can be observed. Sections of the highway A72 might be under high risk according to the modelled off-site effects of wind erosion. The presented applications showed the potential of SoLoWind to support and consult management for protection measures on a regional scale. © 2016 The Authors. Land Degradation and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The authors would like to thank Jürgen Heinrich and Gudrun Mayer for the technical revision of the model conception and the German Weather Service, the Saxon State Office for the Environment, Agriculture and Geology, the Saxon State Office for Road Construction and Traffic, the Saxon State Ministry of the Environment and Agriculture, the Saxon State Spatial Data and Land Survey Corporation, the Saxon Road Maintenance Depots, OpenStreetMap and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for providing the datasets. We would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio