Understanding the Organ Music of Olivier Messiaen: Optical Illusions Versus Aural Realities

In this thesis, I examine the organ music of Olivier Messiaen both from the viewpoint of a theorist and as an organist. I assert that not only his influences, but also his in-depth understandings of the mutations stops of the organ and what pitches are produced by using these stops inform Messiaen\u27s music. Furthermore, the organ music requires more than mere visual inspection, but must be aurally experienced because of the registration requirements placed in the score by Messiaen. The utilization of mutations often does not produce concert pitch, but other pitches absent in the score. To demonstrate this I provide numerous musical examples throughout this document. Furthermore, I assert that Messiaen\u27s deliberate use of mutation stops is a part of his musical and harmonic language often overlooked as colorful or mere tone painting

Emigrar para vivir, servir para inmigrar. Legislaciones para las inmigraciones de judíos a América y Colombia entre 1880 y 1930

This article takes a look at the treatment given to migrant Jews from Asia to America and Colombia between 1880 and 1930, mainly based on the laws that were created. This legal context, accompanied by a reference to the discussion on the issue of race thaEste artículo analiza el tratamiento dado a los judíos migrantes de Asia a América y Colombia entre 1880 y 1930, principalmente en base a las leyes que se crearon. Este contexto legal, acompañado de una referencia a la discusión sobre el tema de la raza

Quantitativeness of phase-field simulations for directional solidification of faceted silicon monograins in thin samples

International audienceWe report the results of a two-dimensional reference model for the formation of facets on the left and the right side of a silicon monograin that is solidified by pulling a thin sample in a constant temperature gradient. Anisotropy functions of both the surface energy and the kinetic attachment coefficient are adapted from a recent model for free growth of silicon micrometer size grains [Boukellal et al., J. Cryst. Growth 522, 37 (2019)]. More precise estimates of the physical parameters entering these functions are obtained by reanalyzing available experimental results. We show that the reference model leads to a differential equation for the shape of the solid-liquid interface. The numerical solutions of this equation give a reference law Λ(V f) relating the facet length Λ to the facet normal velocity V f. In parallel, phase-field simulations of the reference model are performed for two growth orientations, [001] and [011]. Facet lengths Λ obtained from simulations at different facet velocities are first extrapolated to the limit of vanishing interface width. This extrapolation is made possible by constructing a master curve common to the whole range of V f values considered. The extrapolated Λ values are then compared with the ones predicted by the Λ(V f) reference law. Both sets give comparable values, with an accuracy of a few percent, which confirms that the phase-field model can give quantitative results for faceted solidification of silicon

Expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 is associated with an increased risk of death in acute myeloid leukemia

Background Constitutive activation of STAT5 (by phosphorylation) has been identified in a number of malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Objectives We investigated whether the level of phosphorylated STAT5 (pSTAT5) expression correlates with clinical outcome in AML. Methods Adult patients with newly diagnosed AML receiving induction chemotherapy and with an available diagnostic bone marrow were evaluated. Results Forty‐two percent of patients had pSTAT5 expression >0 on immunohistochemical analysis of fixed bone marrow core biopsies. In multivariable analyses, controlling for age, history of antecedent hematologic disorder, cytogenetic risk, and WBC at diagnosis, pSTAT5 expression was significantly associated with an increased risk of death (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.19–3.23, P  = 0.008) and of relapse after achieving complete remission (HR 2.31, 95% CI 1.16–4.63, P = 0.018). Conclusions Validation of pSTAT5's prognostic value requires additional study in a larger group of uniformly treated patients. However, our data suggests that targeting this signaling pathway in AML may improve the outcome of patients

Fatty Acids from Plasmodium falciparum Down-Regulate the Toxic Activity of Malaria Glycosylphosphatidylinositols

Plasmodium falciparum malaria kills roughly 2.5 million people, mainly children, annually. Much of this mortality is thought to arise from the actions of a malarial toxin. This toxin, identified as glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), is a major pathogenicity determinant in malaria. A malarial molecule, Pfj, labeled by [(3)H]glucosamine like the GPIs, was identified as a non-GPI molecule. Here we show that Pfj is able to down-regulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production induced by the GPI of P. falciparum. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that Pfj was not a single molecule but represented a number of molecules. Separation methods, such as cation-exchange chromatography and thin-layer chromatography, were used to isolate and identify the following four main fatty acids responsible for the inhibitory effect on TNF-α production: myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, and palmitoleic acids. This regulatory effect on cytokine production suggests that there is balanced bioactivity for the different categories of malarial lipids