Characterisation of the dynamical quantum state of a zero temperature Bose-Einstein condensate

We describe the quantum state of a Bose-Einstein condensate at zero temperature. By evaluating the Q-function we show that the ground state of Bose-Einstein condensate under the Hartree approximation is squeezed. We find that multimode Schroedinger cat states are generated as the condensate evolves in a ballistic expansion.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure

Demonstration of microchimerism in pregnant sows and effects of congenital PRRSV infection

The presence of foreign cells within the tissue/circulation of an individual is described as microchimerism. The main purpose of the present investigation was to study if microchimerism occurs in healthy sows/fetuses and if porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection influences this phenomenon. Six dams were inoculated intranasally with PRRSV and three non-inoculated dams served as controls. Male DNA was detected in female fetal sera of all dams via PCR. Male DNA was also detected in the maternal circulation. Sex-typing FISH showed the presence of male cells in the female fetal organs and vice versa. PRRSV infection did not influence microchimerism, but might misuse maternal and sibling microchimeric cells to enter fetuses

Pequeños productores del Chaco Árido del oeste argentino: sus perspectivas socioeconómicas.

Los bosques del centro-oeste argentino, la expresión más seca y menos productiva del ecosistema chaqueño, presenta seria degradación de su potencial productivo. La degradación de la tierra incluye pérdida de las funciones ecosistémicas, inseguridad alimenticia y amenaza a la vida. Una meta pendiente es generar información que permita reducir tal vulnerabilidad. Consecuentemente, se planteo describir los patrones socioeconómicos y analizar los procesos subyacentes determinantes en base al Censo Nacional Agropecuario 2002. Se seleccionaron 13 variables descriptivas, y analizaron uni y multivariando (PCA). Se concluye que: 1) La disparidad socioeconómica fue reconocida mediante la elevada proporción de pequeños productores en relación a otros actores productivos, y la alta concentración de la tierra en estos últimos. 2) Los pequeños productores posee suficiente capital laboral, representado en la mano de obra familiar joven y predominantemente masculina. 3) Se observó subpoblación que resultaría de procesos de expulsión, y sobrepoblación que involucraría más vulnerabilidad y riesgo de degradación. 4) La ganadería representa la principal actividad productiva, aunque no genera los ingresos más importantes. La existencia de superficies destinadas a otras actividades que no representan ingresos prediales de relevancia, hace suponer que la diversificación constituye una estrategia de subsistencia. 5) Se observa pluriactividad prediales y extraprediales.Small farmers in the Dry Chaco of western Argentina: their socioeconomic perspectives.AbstractThe semiarid woodlands of midwest Argentina, the southern extension of the subtropical Dry Chaco, have undergone a serious degradation of their productive potential. Land degradation includes the loss of ecosystem services, food insecurity and threat to life. A pending task is to generate information that helps reducing such vulnerability. Thus, the goal here was to describe socioeconomic patterns and to analyze the underlying determinant processes based on the 2002 National Agricultural Census. Thirteen descriptive variables were chosen from census, and are reported both separately and as a part of a multivariate analysis (PCA). It is concluded that: 1) There is a large socioeconomic inequality reflected by the high proportion of small farms; 2) The farmers in these have sufficient labor capital, as young and mostly male members of the family; 3) Under-population was detected, possibly caused by expulsion factors, but also over-population in some areas, which would cause more vulnerability and could trigger further degradation; 4) Livestock rearing is the main productive activity, although it dos not generate the largest income. Other activities within the same properties would provide relevant and diversified income. 5) Multi-activity as a source of income is common both within and outside the farm.Key words: Land degradation; Socioeconomics; Small farmers; Vulnerabilit

ENSEMBLES: a new multi-model ensemble for seasonal-to-annual predictions: Skill and progress beyond DEMETER in forecasting tropical Pacific SSTs

A new 46-year hindcast dataset for seasonal-to-annual ensemble predictions has been created using a multi-model ensemble of 5 state-of-the-art coupled atmosphere-ocean circulation models. The multi-model outperforms any of the single-models in forecasting tropical Pacific SSTs because of reduced RMS errors and enhanced ensemble dispersion at all lead-times. Systematic errors are considerably reduced over the previous generation (DEMETER). Probabilistic skill scores show higher skill for the new multi-model ensemble than for DEMETER in the 4–6 month forecast range. However, substantially improved models would be required to achieve strongly statistical significant skill increases. The combination of ENSEMBLES and DEMETER into a grand multi-model ensemble does not improve the forecast skill further. Annual-range hindcasts show anomaly correlation skill of ∼0.5 up to 14 months ahead. A wide range of output from the multi-model simulations is becoming publicly available and the international community is invited to explore the full scientific potential of these data

Genome sequences of Burkholderia sp. Strains CCGE1002 and H160, isolated from legume nodules in Mexico and Brazil.

The genome sequences of Burkholderia sp. strains CCGE1002 from Mexico and H160 from Brazil, isolated from legume nodules, are reported. Their gene contents in relation to plant-microbe interactions and xenobiotic degradation are discussed

Formation of a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate and an entangled atomic gas by Feshbach resonance

Processes of association in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate, and dissociation of the resulting molecular condensate, due to Feshbach resonance in a time-dependent magnetic field, are analyzed incorporating non-mean-field quantum corrections and inelastic collisions. Calculations for the Na atomic condensate demonstrate that there exist optimal conditions under which about 80% of the atomic population can be converted to a relatively long-lived molecular condensate (with lifetimes of 10 ms and more). Entangled atoms in two-mode squeezed states (with noise reduction of about 30 dB) may also be formed by molecular dissociation. A gas of atoms in squeezed or entangled states can have applications in quantum computing, communications, and measurements.Comment: LaTeX, 5 pages with 4 figures, uses REVTeX