56 research outputs found
Is Dhul Qarnayn, Alexander the Great? Reflecting on Muhammad Rāghib al–Ṭabbākh�s contribution on a translated manuscript discovered in Timbuktu on Dul Qarnayn
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Suffering the Sons of Eve: Animal Ethics in al-Maʿarrī’s Epistle of the Horse and the Mule
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Of Ladies and Lesbians and Books on Women from the Third/Ninth and Fourth/Tenth Centuries
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Ethnic disaffection and dynastic legitimacy in the early Almohad period: Ibn Tūmart’s translatio studii et imperii
No full textFactor markets in early Islamic Iraq, c. 600-1100 AD
No full textAbstractThis paper reconstructs the organization and development of factor markets in early medieval Iraq. It shows that from the late Sasanian period on, and accelerating in the early Islamic period, there was a relatively unrestricted functioning of markets for goods, labour, and capital. This stimulated market exchange, associated with growing monetization of the economy, especially in the towns, but also in the countryside, even though coercion remained more pronounced there. We hypothesize that these developments brought economic dynamism but simultaneously increased inequality and furthered the rise of new, powerful elite groups, causing the decline of the same markets
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