5 research outputs found

    Resposta da aplicação de fungicidas no controle da ferrugem asiåtica na cultura da soja / Response of fungicide application in the control of Asian rust in soybean crop

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    A ferrugem asiĂĄtica da soja Ă© a doença de maior virulĂȘncia e rĂĄpida disseminação da cultura da soja no Brasil. AplicaçÔes de fungicidas estĂŁo entre as recomendaçÔes de controle e os produtos comercias a base de azoxistrobina + benzovindiflupir e trifloxistrobina + protioconazol estĂŁo entre os mais utilizados atualmente. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a eficiĂȘncia da aplicação isolada e da combinação de aplicação destes fungicidas no controle da ferrugem asiĂĄtica da soja. Dez tratamentos com variação nas combinaçÔes dos fungicidas e nĂșmeros de aplicaçÔes foram testadas utilizando duas cultivares de soja. As aplicaçÔes iniciaram na floração (estadio R1) com reaplicaçÔes em intervalos de 14 dias. O tratamento que apresentou melhor resposta de produtividade com relação a aplicação de fungicida foi o tratamento T5 (4 aplicaçÔes de fungicidas de forma alternada: Elatus + Fox + Elatus + Fox), o qual apresentou mĂ©dia de produtividade de 87,01 sc.ha-1, nĂŁo diferindo estatisticamente do tratamento T2 (3 aplicaçÔes de fungicidas: Elatus + Fox + Fox) 74,94 sc.ha-1. O tratamento que apresentou maior peso de mil sementes (175,50 gr) tambĂ©m foi o T5 nĂŁo diferindo estatisticamente de outros seis tratamentos. A utilização dos fungicidas testados, aplicados de forma alternada no controle da ferrugem asiĂĄtica da soja, apresentaram melhor resposta com relação a redução de produtividade proporcionando maior peso de mil sementes.

    Sob o signo neoliberal: as relaçÔes internacionais da América Latina

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    As relaçÔes internacionais da América Latina são vistas sob o ùngulo da transição da diplomacia do desenvolvimento para a diplomacia neoliberal. Os estudos de relaçÔes internacionais, particularmente no Brasil e na Argentina, fundamentam a interpretação do autor sobre benefícios e malogros do paradigma neoliberal, visto como uma opção ideológica. A noção de Estado logístico é sugerida como alternativa estratégica ao Estado normal.<br>In this article, international relations in Latin America are analysed through the viewpoint of the transition from a diplomacy of development to a neoliberal model. Studies in International Relations as a discipline, especially those carried out in Brazil and Argentina, are the basis for the author's interpretation about benefits and failures of the neoliberal paradigm, understood as an ideological option. The author forwards the notion of Logistic State as a strategic alternative to the Normal State

    Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

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    Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
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