Social Capital, Health and Health Care among Street Children: A Case Study of Street Children in Kumasi Metropolitan Area, Ghana

The interest in the relationship between social connections and health related wellbeing of a given population has received a major boost in public health recently. This relationship either produces or prevents health risks and health problems. This paper qualitatively explores this relationship using the case of a unique group (street children) in Kumasi Metropolitan Area in Ghana. Contrary to the notion that street children are incapable of making social connections, the children demonstrated a high sense of pro-social attitude by building and maintaining social relationships which proved beneficial to their health related wellbeing. It is therefore proposed that, reaching out to the children and other vulnerable groups should strongly involve their social networks as such networks have greater influence on their health related choices and decisions. Moreover, it is suggested that, a social marketing approach should be adopted in the design and implementation of relevant policies in order to systematically and successfully influence the health related behaviour and choices of people. The paper however concludes that, social capital is a contextual concept and should be assessed and applied as such so as reduce its potential adverse effects on health related wellbeing of people. Key words: Social capital, Street children, Health care, health related wellbeing, social marketin

DET ER ALDRIG FOR SENT AT LÆRE EN FØLELSE

Artiklen tager udgangspunkt i dialektisk adfærdsterapis grundtese, at personer med borderlinepersonlighedsforstyrrelse har gennemgribende problemer med følelsesregulering. Denne forestilling sammenholdes med virksomhedsteoriens forskellige niveauer af psykisk genspejling. Der argumenteres i artiklen for, at borderlinepatienter ved høje arousalniveauer regredierer til fylogenetisk mere primitivt fungerende niveauer af hjernefunktion. Genspejlingsniveauet ændres til først at ligne niveauet for den perceptive psyke, og ved højest arousalniveau svares med adfærd og genspejling, der korresponderer med niveauet for den instinktdominerede elementære sensoriske psyke. Udviklingspsykologisk laves i artiklen overvejelser over, hvorledes henholdsvis en sund og en patologisk spejling af følelser foregår i individets psykogenese. Der argumenteres for, at barnet først skal lære at håndtere den elementære psykes instinktreaktioner, og at disse skal belægges med grundlæggende accept, og gives en adaptiv retning i forhold til det miljø, individet fødes ind i. Dette sker på den perceptive psykes niveau af genspejling, herefter sker der en yderligere kognitiv tilpasning til den kultur individet fødes ind i. Det fremsættes, at følelser, der ikke belægges med accept, afleder forskellige niveauer af bevidsthedsmæssig undgåelse og blokering. Herefter argumenteres for, at begrebet accept er centralt i både den sunde opvækst og i psykoterapi af borderlinepersonligheder. Selv-accept fremsættes som et nødvendigt element i egenkontrollen af emotionelle reaktioner

An enhanced single gate driven voltage-balanced SiC MOSFET stack topology suitable for high-voltage low-power applications

Abstract In the fabrication of some high‐voltage low‐power applications, low cost is much concerned, and thus using silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET stack consisting of series connected low‐voltage devices is preferred rather than using an expensive single high‐voltage device. Therefore, a cost‐efficient single gate driven voltage‐balanced SiC MOSFET stack topology is proposed in this paper, where only some passive components are equipped with the stack. With a concept of single gate driver, the gate driver design of an SiC MOSFET stack is simplified. With an automatic balancing circuit which operates well with the sequential lagging single gate driver, good voltage balancing of SiC MOSFETs in the stack is realized without causing much extra loss and no additional active control is required. The working principle is illustrated in detail and the parameter selection together with design consideration is presented. Next, this topology is compared with RCD snubber method and active delay adjusting method to better illustrate its advantages. Finally, in a typical high‐voltage low‐power application, auxiliary power supply, the simulation and experimental results further verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology