Pedir disculpas : categorías y efectos en tres tipos de relacionamiento interpersonal

Embora pedidos de desculpas sejam tratados como mecanismos de gerenciamento de impressão em psicologia, ainda se conhece pouco sobre a dinâmica de oferecê-las (e não somente de recebê-las) em diferentes tipos de relacionamento interpessoal. Cenários experimentais para pedir desculpas em três condições independentes (interagindo com um parente íntimo, amigo íntimo ou par romântico) foram respondidos por 239 participantes, seguidos por medidas de plausibilidade, responsabilidade e emoção, além da escala de Intimidade Social de Miller. Quatro categorias principais foram identificadas e testadas em suas associações com os relacionamentos. Desculpas a parentes revelaram-se de causalidade externa ou interna, a pares românticos revelaram-se internas ou de reparação, enquanto a amigos revelaram-se de desengajamento moral ou externas. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos julgamentos de responsabilidade, plausibilidade e emoção. Discute-se tanto o papel das desculpas para a prevenção de conflitos interpessoais quanto o impacto de variáveis situacionais e disposicionais nos processos de justificação social.Despite the fact that apologies are seen as mechanisms of impression management in psychology, little is known about the dynamics of offering them (not only receiving) in different types of interpersonal relationships. Experimental apology scenarios in three independent conditions (interacting with a family member, a close friend, or a romantic partner) were responded by 239 participants, followed by measures of plausibility, responsibility and emotion, as well as Miller’s Social Intimacy Scale. Four major categories were found and tested in their associations with the interpersonal relationships. Apologies to family members showed external or internal causes, while the ones offered to romantic partners involved internal causes or reparation, and the ones offered to friends involved moral disengagement or external causes. No differences were found in responsibility, plausibility, and emotion. The role of apology for preventing interpersonal conflicts and the impact of situational and dispositional variables on social justification processes are discussed.Aunque el hecho de pedir disculpas sea tratado como un mecanismo de administración de impresiones en psicología, todavía se conoce poco sobre la dinámica de ofrecer las disculpas (y no sólo de recibirlas), en diferentes tipos de relacionamiento interpersonal. Escenarios experimentales para pedir disculpas, con tres condiciones independientes, (interactuando con pariente íntimo, amigo íntimo o una pareja) fueron respondidos por 239 participantes seguidos por medidas de plausibilidad, responsabilidad y emoción, así como la Escala de Intimidad Social de Miller. Cuatro categorías principales fueron identificadas y testadas con las asociaciones en los relacionamientos. Disculpas ofrecidas a familiares mostraron causas externas o internas, mientras las ofrecidas a la pareja mostraron causas internas o de reparación, y las ofrecidas a amigos mostraron desajuste moral o causas externas. No fueron encontradas diferencias en los juicios de responsabilidad, plausibilidad, y emoción. Se discute tanto el papel de las disculpas para la prevención de conflictos interpersonales, como el impacto de variables situacionales y dispuestas en procesos de justificación social

DESFECHOS OBSTÉTRICOS DE GESTANTES NULÍPARAS SEGUNDO A CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE ROBSON

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o desfecho obstétrico de gestantes nulíparas pertencentes aos grupos 1 e 2 da Classificação de Robson (CR), atendidas em uma maternidade de grande porte de Porto Alegre/RS. Método: Foi um estudo quantitativo, com abordagem transversal e descritiva com população constituída de 478 parturientes que tiveram seu parto vaginal ou cesárea assistidos no hospital no período de 01/07/2018 a 01/01/2019. Resultados: Nos resultados, observou-se que 82,9% das gestantes incluídas no Grupo 1 tiveram parto vaginal, já as incluídas no grupo 2, a maioria (57,3%) tiveram cesariana como desfecho obstétrico. Conclusões: O estudo apontou uma porcentagem elevada de cesarianas em nulíparas, evidenciando a necessidade de melhoria nas estratégias para reduzir cada vez mais este índice, principalmente para as mulheres que estão parindo pela primeira vez

Digestibility of Insect Meals for Nile Tilapia Fingerlings

Insects are a valuable source of nutrients for fish, but little is known about their nutritional value for Nile tilapia fingerlings. To evaluate the nutritional value and energy apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of five insects for Nile Tilapia male fingerlings, 900 fish were distributed in 18 fiberglass conic tanks, in a completely randomized design, with six dietary treatments (control, Nauphoeta cinerea meal (NCM) (Blattodea), Zophobas morio larvae meal (ZMM) (Coleptera), Gromphadorhina portentosa meal (GPM) (Blattodea), Gryllus assimilis meal (GAM) (Orthoptera) and Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (TMM) (Coleptera)) and three replicates (tanks), each containing 50 fish. The control diet had no insect meal included and the other five treatments comprised 80% commercial diet and 20% test ingredient with 0.1% chromic oxide as an inert marker. TMM presented a higher ADC for dry matter, protein, corrected protein and chitin than to other treatments (p < 0.01). GPM presented the highest ADC for lipids (p < 0.01). In general, the TMM presented better ADC of nutrients and energy and all the insect meals evaluated are potential feed for Nile tilapia fingerlings

BLOCKADE OF ROSTRAL VENTROLATERAL MEDULLA (RVLM) BOMBESIN RECEPTOR TYPE 1 DECREASES BLOOD PRESSURE AND SYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY IN ANESTHETIZED SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS

IIntrathecal injection of bombesin (BBS) promoted hypertensive and sympathoexcitatory effects in normotensive (NT) rats. However, the involvement of rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) in these responses is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated: (1) the effects of BBS injected bilaterally into RVLM on cardiorespiratory and sympathetic activity in NT and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR); (2) the contribution of RVLM bombesin type 1 receptors (BB1) to the maintenance of hypertension in SHR. Urethane-anesthetized rats (1.2 g · kg−1, i.v.) were instrumented to record mean arterial pressure (MAP), diaphragm (DIA) motor and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). In NT rats and SHR, BBS (0.3 mM) nanoinjected into RVLM increased MAP (33.9 ± 6.6 mmHg and 37.1 ± 4.5 mmHg, respectively; p < 0.05) and RSNA (97.8 ± 12.9 % and 84.5 ± 18.1 %, respectively; p < 0.05). In SHR, BBS also increased DIA burst amplitude (115.3 ± 22.7 %; p < 0.05). BB1 receptors antagonist (BIM-23127; 3 mM) reduced MAP (-19.9 ± 4.4 mmHg; p < 0.05) and RSNA (-17.7 ± 3.8 %; p < 0.05) in SHR, but not in NT rats (-2.5 ± 2.8 mmHg; -2.7 ± 5.6 %, respectively). These results show that BBS can evoke sympathoexcitatory and pressor responses by activating RVLM BB1 receptors. This pathway might be involved in the maintenance of high levels of arterial blood pressure in SHR

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora