Influence of the drece process of severe plastic deformation on the mechanical properties of the ultra-low carbon interstitial free steel

This research paper shows the influence of a repeated SPD (Severe Plastic Deformation) plastic forming with the DRECE technique (Dual Rolls Equal Channel Extrusion) on hardening of low carbon IF steel. The influence of number of passes through the device on change of mechanical properties, such as tensile strength TS and yield stress YS, of tested steel was tested. The developed method is based on equal channel extrusion with dual rolls and uses a repeated plastic forming to refinement of structure and improve mechanical properties of metal bands [1-2]. For the tested steel the increase of strength properties after the DRECE process was confirmed after the first pass in relation to the initial material. The biggest strain hardening is observed after the fourth pass.Web of Science6342100209

СЛОВА-ПАРАЗИТЫ – СВОЙСТВЕННЫ ЛИ ОНИ ТОЛЬКО УСТНОЙ РЕЧИ?

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DETECTION AND SUBTYPING OF SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUSES IN CLINICAL SAMPLES BY THE MEAN OF DEVELOPED MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ASSAYS

Abstract Multiplex PCR assays that can detect and identify three haemagglutinins and two neuraminidases of three main subtypes: H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 of swine influenza virus (SIV), circulating in a pig population, were developed. Three oligonucleotide primer sets were evaluated based on the published sequences, with unique sizes characteristic for each subtype. The sequences of each primers were demonstrated to be specific for every subtype of SIV with the cDNA of reference viruses. Furthermore, the assays could detect and subtype up to 10 -1 dilution of 10 4 EID 50 /0.2 mL of H1N1 and 10 -1 dilution of 10 2 EID 50 /0.2 mL of H1N2. For the H3N2 mPCR test, sensitivity was observed in a dilution as low as 10 -3 , which equals 10 EID 50 /0.2 mL. Conditions for the reactions and reagents concentrations were optimised. The optimal temperature was also ensemble. For all RNA positive samples in the RTnested-PCR test for influenza A viruses, the mPCR agreed completely. In 19 farms (95% of cases) the H1N1 subtype was determined, and in one farm H3N2 subtype was confirmed. Therefore, these methods could facilitate the rapid and accurate subtyping of influenza A viruses directly from field specimens

Efficient reduction of speckle noise in Optical Coherence Tomography

Speckle pattern, which is inherent in coherence imaging, influences significantly axial and transversal resolution of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) instruments. The well known speckle removal techniques are either sensitive to sample motion, require sophisticated and expensive sample tracking systems, or involve sophisticated numerical procedures. As a result, their applicability to in vivo real-time imaging is limited. In this work, we propose to average multiple A-scans collected in a fully controlled way to reduce the speckle contrast. This procedure involves non-coherent averaging of OCT A-scans acquired from adjacent locations on the sample. The technique exploits scanning protocol with fast beam deflection in the direction perpendicular to lateral dimension of the cross-sectional image. Such scanning protocol reduces the time interval between A-scans to be averaged to the repetition time of the acquisition system. Consequently, the averaging algorithm is immune to bulk motion of an investigated sample, does not require any sophisticated data processing to align cross-sectional images, and allows for precise control of lateral shift of the scanning beam on the object. The technique is tested with standard Spectral OCT system with an extra resonant scanner used for rapid beam deflection in the lateral direction. Ultrahigh speed CMOS camera serves as a detector and acquires 200,000 spectra per second. A dedicated A-scan generation algorithm allows for real-time display of images with reduced speckle contrast at 6 frames/second. This technique is applied to in vivo imaging of anterior and posterior segments of the human eye and human skin

Organic Corrosion Inhibitors

Organic corrosion inhibitors are one of the five ways, besides material selection, design, cathodic protection and coatings, to protect materials against corrosion. Corrosion is an ubiquitous phenomena that deteriorates all materials, metals, plastics, glass and concrete. The costs of corrosion are tremendous and amounts to 4.0% of gross domestic product (GDP) in USA. The similar losses of GDP are noted in all countries around the world. At this point of time, there is no way to completely stop the corrosion processes. Some new solutions can only slow this process. Organic corrosion inhibitors are widely used in industry because of their effectiveness at wide range of temperatures, compatibility with protected materials, good solubility in water, low costs and relatively low toxicity. Organic corrosion inhibitors adsorb on the surface to form protective film which displace water and protect it against deteriorating. Effective organic corrosion inhibitors contain nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus with lone electron pairs as well can contain structural moieties with π-electrons that interact with metal favoring the adsorption process. This review presents mechanisms and monitoring of corrosion, laboratory methods for corrosion study, relationship between structure and efficacy of corrosion inhibitions, theoretical approach to design new inhibitors and some aspects of biocorrosion

Multifunctional Gemini Surfactants: Structure, Synthesis, Properties and Applications

Gemini cationic surfactants are compounds which are composed of two hydrophilic head groups and two hydrophobic tails linked by a spacer at the head groups or closed to them. The spacer can be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic. It can be rigid or flexible. The neutral charge of the molecule is retained by the presence of organic or inorganic counterions. Critical micelle concentrations (CMCs), surface tension (γ) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) are dozen times lower than corresponding parameters of monomeric surfactants. The unique properties of gemini surfactants with a wide range of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) make them a very useful, innovative material in detergents, cosmetics, personal care products, additives for paints and coatings, biocides, material science, organic synthesis, pharmacy, textiles, enhanced oil recovery, nanotechnology, petroleum and many other branches of life. A large number of papers concerning gemini surfactants have been published so far. This review presents a synthetic look at current work devoted to structure, synthesis and applications of gemini surfactants

Wpływ czynników socjoekonomicznych i żywieniowych na rozwój próchnicy wczesnej u dzieci w wieku 1-6 lat

Introduction. The high incidence of early childhood caries (ECC) highlights the need to analyze the causes. Aim. Evaluation of the impact of diet and socioeconomic conditions on the risk of ECC development in children. Material and methods. A group of 686 pediatric patients aged 1-6 from the University Dental Clinic in Krakow was examined for caries. The parents were asked to complete a questionnaire on the eating habits of children and on the sociodemographic factors. Results. Children aged 1-2 from rural areas and average education of parents constituted a significant factor affecting the intensity of ECC. Consumption of sugary foods at night increased the occurrence of caries by more than 3.5 times in 1–2-year-olds, and by 4 times in 5-year-olds. Frequent consumption of fruit juices and carbonated beverages had a significant impact on the occurrence of caries in 6-year-olds. Conclusions. Dietary pattern is a major cause of ECC. The relationship between ECC and the place of residence, low parental education and poor economic status indicates the target group for intensive educational activities for the prevention of dental caries

Lower expression of mRNA for interferon-gamma in T helper cells of children with newly diagnosed lymphomas

The complex interactions between cancer and host cells are far from being fully elucidated. Assessment of Th1/Th2/Th3/Tr1 balance is an interesting approach to explain immunological disturbances in lymphomas. The aim of our study was to assess mRNA for pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in T-cells in 20 children with Hodgkin- and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. CD4+ and CD8+ cells were isolated from whole peripheral blood and four different cytokine mRNA levels (IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-4, TGF-β) were determined by real-time PCR technique. Comparing to the control group, we found lower expression of mRNA for IFN-gamma in CD4+ cells at the time of lymphoma diagnosis. It may be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of impaired immunity in these patients

Dengue antibodies in Polish travellers returning from the tropics. Evaluation of serological tests

Dengue is a viral disease caused by an RNA virus of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae, occurring as four serotypes (DEN-1, -2, -3, -4). It is transmitted to humans by the Aedes mosquitoes, mainly A. aegypti. The occurrence of dengue is strictly related with their preferred breeding areas. Dengue endemic regions are inhabited by some 2.5 billion people. 50-100 million cases of dengue fever and up to 1 million cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever are noted worldwide in more than 100 countries every year. The aim of the reported examinations was to diagnose dengue virus infections in returning travellers. In the years 2006-2009 serological tests were performed in 753 persons. In the diagnostics we used ELISA to find IgM and/or IgG class of antibodies against dengue virus, rapid immunochromatographic (cassette) test, NS1 viral antigen detection by ELISA, and virus RNA detection by RT-PCR method. IgM or IgG class antibodies, and both classes simultaneously, were detected in 19.8% of the examined cases. The greatest number of infections came from India and the Far East, next from South and Central America, and the smallest number from Africa. Sixteen patients with diagnosed dengue, including three cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever, were hospitalized. Int Marit Health 2010; 61, 1: 36-4

Dignity Therapy as an aid to coping for COPD patients at their end-of-life stage

Introduction: Observations indicate that struggling with a burden of an incurable disease such as advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may result in the weakening of an individual sense of dignity, and be a source of spiritual suffering. Clinicians providing respiratory care to patients should be open to their spiritual needs, in the belief it may improve coping with the end-of-life COPD.The study aimed to assess overall feasibility and potential benefits of Dignity Therapy (DT) in patients with advanced COPD.Material and methods: Patients with severe COPD, in whom a DT intervention was implemented according to the protocol established by Chochinov et al. were included into the study. An self-designed questionnaire was applied to assess the patients’ satisfaction after intervention. Subsequently, the patients’ statements were allocated to specific problem categories, corresponding to the spiritual suffering concerns, as structured by Groves and Klauser.Results: DT was completed in 10 patients, with no unexpected side effects. Satisfaction Questionnaire showed a positive effect of DT on the patient’ well-being (3.9 on a 5-point Likert scale). The analyses of the patients’ original statements enabled an effective identification of the spiritual suffering and spiritual resources and faced by COPD patients.Conclusion: DT is an intervention well received by COPD patients, which may help them in recognising and fulfilling their spiritual needs in the last phase of their life. Information acquired on the patients’ resources and spiritual challenges may help clinicians improve their care, especially with regard to supporting their patients at the end-of-life stage