Large scale analysis of interactive behaviors of bubbles and particles in a liquid by a coupled immersed boundary and vof technique

A new approach for direct numerical simulation of three-phase (gas-liquid-solid) flows is proposed. Implementation of moving rigid surface in a fluid is based on an immersed boundary/solid-object method method developed by the present authors, and gas-liquid interface is captured by volume-of-fluid (VOF) method with an interface reconstruction scheme. The proposed coupling technique enables simulation of flow structures induced by both bubble and particle of comparable sizes, including the flow pattern around the gas-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces. In a suspension of 1024 solid particles and a bubble, some typical behaviours of bubble-particle interaction and liquid flow pattern are captured. The detailed analysis on the motion of the falling particles suggests that the particle rotation is strongly influenced by the behaviours of the rising bubble, giving rise a snap reversal of the rotating directions of the particles due to the flow induced by the bubble.This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Multiphase Science and Technology following peer review

Comprehensive behavioral phenotyping of calpastatin-knockout mice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Calpastatin is an endogenous inhibitor of calpain, intracellular calcium-activated protease. It has been suggested to be involved in molecular mechanisms of long-term plasticity and excitotoxic pathways. However, functions of calpastatin in vivo are still largely unknown. To examine the physiological roles of calpastatin, we subjected calpastatin-knockout mice to a comprehensive behavioral test battery.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Calpastatin-knockout mice showed decreased locomotor activity under stressful environments, and decreased acoustic startle response, but we observed no significant change in hippocampus-dependent memory function.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results suggest that calpastatin is likely to be more closely associated with affective rather than cognitive aspects of brain function.</p

Prevalence of and risk factors for postoperative complications after lower third molar extraction : A multicenter prospective observational study in Japan

Lower third molar extraction is the most common surgical treatment among routine dental and oral surgical procedures. while the surgical procedures for lower third molar extraction are well established, the difficulty of tooth extraction and the frequency of postoperative complications differ depending on the patient’s background. To establish a management protocol for the lower third molars, the prevalence of and risk factors for postoperative complications after lower third molar extraction were investigated in a large number of Japanese patients in a multicenter prospective study. During 6 consecutive months in 2020, 1826 lower third molar extractions were performed at the 20 participating institutions. The medical records of the patients were reviewed, and relevant data were extracted. The prevalence of and risk factors for postoperative complications were analyzed. The prevalence of postoperative complications after lower third molar extraction was 10.0%. Multivariate analysis indicated that age (≤32 vs >32, odds ratio [OR]: 1.428, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.040–1.962, P < .05), the radiographic anatomical relationship between the tooth roots and mandibular canal (overlapping of the roots and canal vs no close anatomical relationship between the roots and the superior border of the canal, OR: 2.078, 95% CI: 1.333–3.238, P < .01; overlapping of the roots and canal vs roots impinging on the superior border of the canal, OR: 1.599, 95% CI: 1.050–2.435, P < .05), and impaction depth according to the Pell and Gregory classification (position C vs position A, OR: 3.7622, 95% CI: 2.079–6.310, P < .001; position C vs position B, OR: 2.574, 95% CI: 1.574–4.210, P < .001) are significant independent risk factors for postoperative complications after lower third molar extraction. These results suggested that higher age and a deeply impacted tooth might be significant independent risk factors for postoperative complications after lower third molar extraction

The ASTRO-H X-ray Observatory

The joint JAXA/NASA ASTRO-H mission is the sixth in a series of highly successful X-ray missions initiated by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS). ASTRO-H will investigate the physics of the high-energy universe via a suite of four instruments, covering a very wide energy range, from 0.3 keV to 600 keV. These instruments include a high-resolution, high-throughput spectrometer sensitive over 0.3-2 keV with high spectral resolution of Delta E < 7 eV, enabled by a micro-calorimeter array located in the focal plane of thin-foil X-ray optics; hard X-ray imaging spectrometers covering 5-80 keV, located in the focal plane of multilayer-coated, focusing hard X-ray mirrors; a wide-field imaging spectrometer sensitive over 0.4-12 keV, with an X-ray CCD camera in the focal plane of a soft X-ray telescope; and a non-focusing Compton-camera type soft gamma-ray detector, sensitive in the 40-600 keV band. The simultaneous broad bandpass, coupled with high spectral resolution, will enable the pursuit of a wide variety of important science themes.Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures, Proceedings of the SPIE Astronomical Instrumentation "Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

Hitomi (ASTRO-H) X-ray Astronomy Satellite

The Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission is the sixth Japanese x-ray astronomy satellite developed by a large international collaboration, including Japan, USA, Canada, and Europe. The mission aimed to provide the highest energy resolution ever achieved at E  >  2  keV, using a microcalorimeter instrument, and to cover a wide energy range spanning four decades in energy from soft x-rays to gamma rays. After a successful launch on February 17, 2016, the spacecraft lost its function on March 26, 2016, but the commissioning phase for about a month provided valuable information on the onboard instruments and the spacecraft system, including astrophysical results obtained from first light observations. The paper describes the Hitomi (ASTRO-H) mission, its capabilities, the initial operation, and the instruments/spacecraft performances confirmed during the commissioning operations for about a month

腎摘時の脾外傷に対する後腹膜化による修復

50歳女性の左腎細胞癌摘出術中に脾外傷を経験した.その際に, 脾の裂創部を縫合したが止血は十分でなかった.そこでその出血部を圧迫する目的で脾を腎摘後の後腹膜腔に移動した.この脾臓の後腹膜化により十分な止血効果が得られた.術後6ヵ月のCTにても脾の萎縮, 血腫などを認めていない.経腹式腎摘の際経験する脾外傷に対して, 圧迫止血可能な場合は, 脾を後腹膜腔に移動することにより, 手早く簡単に修復が可能であった.During intraperitoneal nephrectomy, the spleen may be injured inadvertently. Splenic salvage is mandatory in this situation; however, it requires some skill and extra time to control the bleeding. The authors present a very simple technique to replace the organ and retroperitonealize it in the nephrectomized fossa after some suture ligations have been placed in the major bleeding site

根治術施行後の組織欠損部の修復に筋肉皮弁を用いた進行性陰茎癌の1症例

55歳男性に発症した陰茎扁平上皮癌Stage C (T3N3M0)に対し根治的手術を施行した.鼠径部を含めた広範な皮膚切除および全除精術を施行し, 鼠径部および骨盤内リンパ節廓清もおこなった.会陰部に尿道瘻を造設し, 両側大腿筋膜張筋筋肉皮弁を作製しこれを用い皮膚欠損部の再建術を施行した.術直後よりペプロマイシン単独投与しその後サイクロフォスファマイド, アドリアシン, シスプラチンを用いた多剤併用化学療法を3コース施行, 同時に骨盤部に対し総線量5, 000 radの放射線療法をおこなった.術後12ヵ月を経過した現在, 再発転移を認めず, 歩行起立障害も軽度となったA 55-year-old male with penile epidermoid carcinoma of stage C (T3N3N0) underwent radical surgery. Emasculation with profuse skin removal, including the bilateral groins, and inguinal and pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed. A urethrostomy was created at the perineum, and the skin defect was covered with tensor fascia lata myocutaneous skin flaps. Immediately after recovery from surgery, 3 cycles of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and CDDP and radiation (5, 000 rad) of the local area were given. The patient is now free from tumor recurrence 12 months after the surgery