Semantic Interpretation of Free Asjunct Constructions

0. Semantic interpretation of free adjuncts may sometimes be ambiguous or even be vague. But intuitively clear-cut distinction can be made between the (a) sentences and the (b) sentences of the follwing : ..

Correlation property of length sequences based on global structure of complete genome

This paper considers three kinds of length sequences of the complete genome. Detrended fluctuation analysis, spectral analysis, and the mean distance spanned within time $L$ are used to discuss the correlation property of these sequences. The values of the exponents from these methods of these three kinds of length sequences of bacteria indicate that the long-range correlations exist in most of these sequences. The correlation have a rich variety of behaviours including the presence of anti-correlations. Further more, using the exponent $\gamma$, it is found that these correlations are all linear ($\gamma=1.0\pm 0.03$). It is also found that these sequences exhibit $1/f$ noise in some interval of frequency ($f>1$). The length of this interval of frequency depends on the length of the sequence. The shape of the periodogram in $f>1$ exhibits some periodicity. The period seems to depend on the length and the complexity of the length sequence.Comment: RevTex, 9 pages with 5 figures and 3 tables. Phys. Rev. E Jan. 1,2001 (to appear

Measure representation and multifractal analysis of complete genomes

This paper introduces the notion of measure representation of DNA sequences. Spectral analysis and multifractal analysis are then performed on the measure representations of a large number of complete genomes. The main aim of this paper is to discuss the multifractal property of the measure representation and the classification of bacteria. From the measure representations and the values of the $D_{q}$ spectra and related $C_{q}$ curves, it is concluded that these complete genomes are not random sequences. In fact, spectral analyses performed indicate that these measure representations considered as time series, exhibit strong long-range correlation. For substrings with length K=8, the $D_{q}$ spectra of all organisms studied are multifractal-like and sufficiently smooth for the $C_{q}$ curves to be meaningful. The $C_{q}$ curves of all bacteria resemble a classical phase transition at a critical point. But the 'analogous' phase transitions of chromosomes of non-bacteria organisms are different. Apart from Chromosome 1 of {\it C. elegans}, they exhibit the shape of double-peaked specific heat function.Comment: 12 pages with 9 figures and 1 tabl

Structure and evolution of Subtropical Cyclone Anita as evaluated by heat and vorticity budgets

This paper explores the evolution of subtropical cyclone Anita, which occurred near the east coast of Brazil (~19.S-37.W) in March 2010. Thermodynamic and dynamic processes during Anita's lifecycle are investigated using the heat and vorticity budget equations. The cyclone developed with hybrid characteristics and moved anomalously to the southwest where it coupled with an upper level cut-off low during the mature phase. This coupling was the main dynamical mechanism for further cyclone deepening. Anita then remained quasi-stationary about 30.S -47.W for two days due to an upper level dipole pattern which prevented earlier displacement of the upper level low counterpart. When the dipole pattern dissipated, the cyclone moved southeast and underwent extratropical transition whilst merging with a mid-latitude frontal cyclone. Diabatic heating and horizontal temperature advection are found to be essential for the subtropical development. During extratropical transition, it is instead diabatic cooling together with adiabatic cooling and warm air advection that act as the main mechanisms to influence the local temperature tendencies at low levels. Low level cyclonic tendencies were mostly due to convergent flow, and the residual vorticity partially destroyed the vorticity tendencies produced by the divergence term. Moreover, in regions and levels where convection could explain some of the vorticity tendencies, it is found that apparent sinks of cyclonic vorticity were related to negative vorticity due to divergence (i.e., convergent flow), whilst apparent sources were related to positive vorticity due to divergence (i.e., divergent flow)

Syntactic and Semantic Analysis of NP-to-VP Complements

In this paper, I will consider the syntactic structures of sentences with NP-to-VP complements: (1)NP1 V NP2 to VP I will propose the following three types of structure for the configuration in (1) and argue for their plausibility ..

Analysis of a semi-stationary cyclone on the coast of southern Brazil associated to an atmospheric blocking

Na primeira semana de maio de 2008, durante quatro dias, um ciclone em superfície permaneceu semi-estacionário na costa da região sul do Brasil. Este sistema foi responsável por chuvas e ventos fortes no Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina, os quais causaram muitos danos (queda de árvores, enchentes e desabamentos). O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o processo de formação e entender os mecanismos responsáveis pelo lento deslocamento do ciclone, já que a maioria dos ciclones nesta região possui deslocamento mais rápido. A equação de desenvolvimento de Sutcliffe mostrou que a advecção de vorticidade absoluta ciclônica na média troposfera e a advecção de ar quente na camada entre 1000-500 hPa foram mecanismos importantes para a ciclogênese. Neste período, o intenso aquecimento diabático também contribuiu para a ciclogênese, à medida que se contrapôs ao intenso resfriamento adiabático devido aos movimentos verticais ascendentes. A advecção de vorticidade absoluta ciclônica que favoreceu a ciclogênese esteve associada a um Vórtice Ciclônico em Altos Níveis (VCAN), que se formou numa região de anomalia de vorticidade potencial. O VCAN se manteve semi-estacionário e compôs o setor norte de um bloqueio do tipo dipolo. Tal bloqueio intensificou um anticiclone em superfície, situado a sul/leste do ciclone, o que contribuiu para o ciclone se manter semi-estacionário. O movimento atípico e lento do ciclone para sul, e em alguns períodos para sudoeste, esteve associado com advecções de vorticidade absoluta ciclônica na média troposfera e de ar quente no seu setor sul. Somente quando o bloqueio em níveis médios e a anomalia de vorticidade potencial em níveis médios/altos se enfraqueceram, o ciclone em superfície se afastou da costa sul do Brasil.On the first week of May 2008, during four days, a semi-stationary surface cyclone acted over the coast of southern Brazil. This system was responsible for large amount of rain and strong near surface winds over Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina causing many damages (fallen trees, floodings and landslides). This work evaluated cyclone development process to understand the reasons for its slow displacement, once most cyclones developed in this region move faster. The Sutcliffe development equation showed that cyclonic absolute vorticity advection in middle troposphere, and positive thermal advection in layer between 1000-500 hPa were important mechanisms for cyclogenesis processes. In this same period, diabatic heating also contributes to cyclogenesis as far as it was opposite to adiabatic cooling due to strong upward movement. Cyclonic absolute vorticity advection which propitiated cyclogenesis was associated with an Upper Level Cyclonic Vortex (ULCV) developed in a potential vorticity anomaly region. The ULCV was semi-stationary and part of a blocking dipole pattern. This blocking intensified a surface anticyclone at south/east of the cyclone, contributing to the cyclone staying semi-stationary near the coast of southern Brazil. The slow and unusual surface cyclone movement to south and sometimes to southwest was associated with middle level cyclonic absolute vorticity and warm air advections in their southern sector. Only when middle levels blocking and middle/high levels potential vorticity anomaly weakened, surface cyclone moved away from the coast of Southern Brazil.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)CNP

Assessment of Visual Function and Retinal Structure Following Acute Light Exposure in the Light Sensitive T4R Rhodopsin Mutant Dog

The effect of acute exposure to various intensities of white light on visual behavior and retinal structure was evaluated in the T4R RHO dog, a naturally-occurring model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa due to a mutation in the Rhodopsin gene. A total of 14 dogs (ages: 4–5.5 months) were used in this study: 3 homozygous mutant RHOT4R/T4R, 8 heterozygous mutant RHOT4R/+, and 3 normal wild-type (WT) dogs. Following overnight dark adaptation, the left eyes were acutely exposed to bright white light with a monocular Ganzfeld dome, while the contralateral right eye was shielded. Each of the 3 homozygous (RHOT4R/T4R) mutant dogs had a single unilateral light exposure (LE) to a different (low, moderate, and high) dose of white light (corneal irradiance/illuminance: 0.1 mW/cm2 , 170 lux; 0.5 mW/cm2 , 820 lux; or 1 mW/cm2 , 1590 lux) for 1min. All 8 heterozygous (RHOT4R/+) mutant dogs were exposed once to the same moderate dose of light. The 3 WT dogs had their left eyes exposed 1, 2, or 3 times to the same highest dose of light. Visual function prior to LE and at 2 weeks and 33 weeks after exposure was objectively assessed in the RHOT4R/T4R and WT dogs by using an obstacle-avoidance course. Transit time through the obstacle course was measured under different scotopic to photopic ambient illuminations. Morphological retinal changes were evaluated by non-invasive in vivo cSLO/sdOCT imaging and histology before and at several time-points (2–36 weeks) after light exposure. The analysis of the transit time through the obstacle course showed that no differences were observed in any of mutant or WT dogs at 2 weeks and 33 weeks post LE. The RHOT4R/T4R retina exposed to the lowest dose of white light showed no obvious changes in ONL thickness at 2 weeks, but mild decrease was noted 36 weeks after LE. The RHOT4R/T4R retina that received a moderate dose (showed an obvious decrease in ONL thickness along the superior and temporal meridians at 2 weeks post LE with more severe damage at 36 weeks post LE in all four meridians. The RHOT4R/T4R retina exposed to the high dose showed at 2 weeks after LE extensive ONL damage in all four meridians. This light intensity did not cause any retinal damage in WT dogs even after repeated (up to 3) LE. Analysis of ONL thickness in heterozygous mutant dogs exposed to the moderate dose of light confirmed the increased sensitivity to light damage of the superior/ tapetal retina, and the occurrence of an ongoing cell death process several weeks after the acute LE. In conclusion, a short single exposure to a dose of white light that is not retinotoxic in WT dogs causes in the T4R RHO retina an acute loss of ONL in the central to mid peripheral region that keeps progressing over the course of several weeks. However, this severe retinal damage does not affect visual behavior presumably because of islands of surviving photoreceptors found in the area centralis including the newly discovered canine fovea-like area, and the lack of damage to peripheral photoreceptors

Distrofia Miotônica Tipo 1: Frequência Dos Achados Oftalmológicos

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the frequency of ophthalmologic abnormalities in a cohort of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) patients and to correlate them with motor function. We reviewed the pathophysiology of cataract and low intraocular pressure (IOP). Method: Patients were included after clinical and laboratory diagnosis and after signed informed consent. They were evaluated by Motor Function Measure scale, Portuguese version (MFM-P) and ophthalmic protocol. Results: We evaluated 42 patients aged 17 to 64 years (mean 40.7 ± 12.5), 22 of which were men. IOP (n = 41) was reduced in all but one. We found cataract or positivity for surgery in 38 (90.48%) and ptosis in 23 (54.76%). These signs but not IOP were significantly correlated with severity of motor dysfunction. Abnormalities in ocular motility and stereopsis were observed. Conclusion: Cataract and ptosis are frequent in DM1 and associated to motor dysfunction. Reduced IOP is also common, but appears not to be related with motor impairment. © 2016, Associacao Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. All rights reserved.74318318