Inflation and employment: Exploring the dynamic relationship in the labor markets

This paper explores the dynamic relationship between inflation and employment in different labor market sectors. The paper uses data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Consumer Price Index and applies descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis to examine the relationship between these two economic indicators. The paper finds that inflation and employment have a negative relationship in the short term but a positive relationship in the long term and that the relationship varies across different labor market sectors. The paper contributes to the literature on the relationship between inflation and employment by considering sectoral differences and temporal dynamics. The paper also provides policy implications for managing inflation and employment trade-offs

COMSOL SIMULATION OF LASER WELDING OF ALUMINUM

This research includes a Comsol Mutiphysics model describing the temperature distribution on aluminum during the laser conductivity welding process. The influence of  laser power and speed on the welding process is discussed and compared with experiments. Numerical simulations of laser welding process have been performed to determine the temperature fields of laser impact to samples of aluminum. Numerical calculations are made for fiber laser. The plots of the temperature dependence on the surface and in the depth of aluminum samples on the velocity are analyzed for several power densities for this laser.

Possible sighting of the Indian subspecies of the Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus ginginianus in Africa

No Abstrac

“Pooling and sharing” or “intelligent defence” in the field of security

The European Union is focusing on military capabilities and the fight against terrorism, but to a lesser extent on employment opportunities for immigrant integration, human rights and peace-building and the sustainability of countries and societies in Europe and around it. The European Union has always been proud of its soft power and will continue to do so in the area of security and defence. On the other hand, the idea of Europe as an extremely “civilian power” does not correspond to the changing reality. In this regard, the EU will need to deepen its transatlantic relationship and its partnership with NATO

A first detailed description of building a new nest and new data on the courtship behaviour of golden eagle

The nest building and courtship behaviours of the golden eagle are poorly represented in the scientific literature. The paper reports on the first detailed description of building a new nest by a pair of golden eagles. Reciprocal pendulum flight by the pair as part of a pre-breeding courtship display is described for the first time. The “mock attack” between the members of the pair is confirmed to serve the courtship function

Birds of prey observed during vulture surveys in northeast Sudan

An Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus survey was undertaken in the northeast part of the Republic of Sudan during eight days in September and October 2010. Raptor and large bird counts were conducted along 2010km of roads travelled. In total 2818 individual raptors of 23 species were counted. The most common were the group of Black and Yellow-billed Kites Milvus spp. and Egyptian Vultures, forming 82.8% and 8.0% of all raptors respectively, while Snake Eagles Circaetus spp., Rüppell’s Vultures Gyps rueppellii, and Hooded Vultures Necrosyrtes monachus accounted for 2.0, 2.8 and 1.3% of the raptor assemblage, respectively.Keywords:  Sudan, road count, raptor

A literature review of occurrence of Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus) resident in Africa

The Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus is a globally endangered species that is experiencing rapid population declines throughout most of its range. Conservation of Egyptian Vultures in Africa is globally important because it holds a resident population of 1 000 – 2 000 breeding pairs, harbours a significant but unknown number of Eurasian migrants during the boreal winter, and many non-adult Egyptian Vultures reared in Eurasia dwell in Africa until they mature. Africa comprises approximately half of the area of the global range of the species. Once considered common and widespread in many parts of Africa, Egyptian Vulture is now one of the vulture species that is most threatened with extinction. Egyptian Vulture is considered extinct as a breeding species in Southern Africa, and continuous population declines have been reported from most of its African range, resulting in a population reduction of perhaps 75%. Despite these declines, there is an apparent lack of systematic observations, and its current status in many African countries is unknown. Furthermore, little is known about the magnitude of the various threats and their impact on resident and wintering Egyptian Vultures. Data-deficiency hinders conservation efforts across the continent. We conducted an extensive review of published and unpublished information on the resident Egyptian Vulture populations in Africa, in an attempt to systemize the available knowledge of the species’ historic and current occurrence on a country-by country basis and identify the threats it faces. Information was found from 39 countries; no records of Egyptian Vultures were found in 16 other countries. In 12 countries where Egyptian Vultures have been observed, breeding has never been confirmed, and observations most likely refer to vagrants or wintering individuals. The Horn of Africa appears to be a relative stronghold, but there too, losses almost certainly have occurred. Poisoning, electrocution and direct killing for belief-based practices are considered the main mortality factors, and are hampering the species’ recovery. The review highlights the dire status of Egyptian Vultures in Africa, and calls for the urgent implementation of various large-scale conservation measures that will combat threats, secure the survival of the species on the continent, and make Africa safer for migrants coming from Eurasia

Foraging Patterns of Non-Territorial Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca): A Case of Successful Adaptation

The Optimal Foraging Theory predicts that, to maximize fitness, animals adapt their foraging strategy that provides the most benefit for the lowest cost, maximizing the net energy gained. While the diet of many breeding raptor populations is well known, studies on the foraging patterns of non-territorial birds of prey (floaters) are scarce. In this study, we examined the foraging pattern of non-territorial Eastern Imperial Eagle, scrutinizing different aspects of its feeding ecology and behavior. We built a simple model of the optimal foraging strategy of floater eagles including the success of foraging as a currency as well as environmental factors such as seasons, type of prey, habitat, foraging techniques, and eagle age as a limitation affecting the foraging efficiency of birds. We found that floaters focused their diet exclusively on European Souslik, accounting for almost half (44.2%) of the eagle’s prey. Diet differences between floaters and breeders were due to higher Souslik and carrion consumption and lower Hedgehog predation by floater eagles. The diet diversity of breeding eagles (H = 3.297) was much higher than that of floaters (H = 1.748). Our model suggested that the foraging mode, habitat type, and season best explained the feeding success of non-territorial eagles (ΔAIC = 0.00, w = 0.42). Of all explanatory factors, “Kleptoparasitism” (β2 = −4.35), “Rodents” (β2 = −4.52), “Pasture” (β2 = 2.96), “Wheat” (β2 = 4.41), “In the air” (β2 = 4.16), and “Other habitats” (β2 = 4.17) had a pronounced effect. The factors “Spring–summer season” (β2 = −0.67) and “European Souslik” (β2 = −2.76) had a marginal effect in our models. Generally, the mean success rate of attack modes used by non-territorial eagles was 0.54 ± 0.50. Floaters successfully obtained food through: kleptoparasitism (43.10%), carrion feeding (24.14%), and high soar with vertical stoop (14.66%). Several important issues for the conservation of non-territorial Eastern Imperial Eagles arose from our research. The strong relation of floaters with the European Souslik calls for specific conservation measures aimed at the conservation of this type of prey and the restoration and appropriate management of its grassland habitats. The importance of the scavenging behavior of juvenile birds requires increased control of the use of poison baits and subsequent prosecution by state institutions. Protecting the most important temporary areas, improving institutional control against the use of poison baits, and intensifying awareness-raising campaigns among pigeon-fanciers and hunters are also of crucial importance for effective species conservation

Foraging Patterns of Non-Territorial Eastern Imperial Eagle (<i>Aquila heliaca</i>): A Case of Successful Adaptation

The Optimal Foraging Theory predicts that, to maximize fitness, animals adapt their foraging strategy that provides the most benefit for the lowest cost, maximizing the net energy gained. While the diet of many breeding raptor populations is well known, studies on the foraging patterns of non-territorial birds of prey (floaters) are scarce. In this study, we examined the foraging pattern of non-territorial Eastern Imperial Eagle, scrutinizing different aspects of its feeding ecology and behavior. We built a simple model of the optimal foraging strategy of floater eagles including the success of foraging as a currency as well as environmental factors such as seasons, type of prey, habitat, foraging techniques, and eagle age as a limitation affecting the foraging efficiency of birds. We found that floaters focused their diet exclusively on European Souslik, accounting for almost half (44.2%) of the eagle’s prey. Diet differences between floaters and breeders were due to higher Souslik and carrion consumption and lower Hedgehog predation by floater eagles. The diet diversity of breeding eagles (H = 3.297) was much higher than that of floaters (H = 1.748). Our model suggested that the foraging mode, habitat type, and season best explained the feeding success of non-territorial eagles (ΔAIC = 0.00, w = 0.42). Of all explanatory factors, “Kleptoparasitism” (β2 = −4.35), “Rodents” (β2 = −4.52), “Pasture” (β2 = 2.96), “Wheat” (β2 = 4.41), “In the air” (β2 = 4.16), and “Other habitats” (β2 = 4.17) had a pronounced effect. The factors “Spring–summer season” (β2 = −0.67) and “European Souslik” (β2 = −2.76) had a marginal effect in our models. Generally, the mean success rate of attack modes used by non-territorial eagles was 0.54 ± 0.50. Floaters successfully obtained food through: kleptoparasitism (43.10%), carrion feeding (24.14%), and high soar with vertical stoop (14.66%). Several important issues for the conservation of non-territorial Eastern Imperial Eagles arose from our research. The strong relation of floaters with the European Souslik calls for specific conservation measures aimed at the conservation of this type of prey and the restoration and appropriate management of its grassland habitats. The importance of the scavenging behavior of juvenile birds requires increased control of the use of poison baits and subsequent prosecution by state institutions. Protecting the most important temporary areas, improving institutional control against the use of poison baits, and intensifying awareness-raising campaigns among pigeon-fanciers and hunters are also of crucial importance for effective species conservation