IEC 60296 (Ed. 5) – a standard for classification of mineral insulating oil on performance and not on the origin

The revision of the standard IEC 60296, Ed. 4.0 resulting in IEC 60296, Ed. 5.0 had three main aims: to set up a standard based on the performance of mineral insulating oil and not on the origin, to distinguish between good and bad mineral insulating oils, and to protect the user providing adequate testing parameters. In addition, there are several exciting news and changes in the new version of the standard compared to the previous versions

ПОПУЛАЦИОННА ПЛЪТНОСТ НА МАЛКИЯТ ЛЮЦЕРНОВ ЛИСТОВ ХОБОТНИК PHYTONOMUS VARIABILIS HRBST. И ЛЮЦЕРНОВИЯТ ЛИСТОЯД PHYTODECTA FORNICATA BRUGG. ПРИ МНОГОЛИСТНА И ТРИЛИСТНА ЛЮЦЕРНА ВЪВ ВРЪЗКА С АНАТОМИЧНИТЕ ОСОБЕНОСТИ НА ЛИСТАТА ИМ.

Two alfalfa cultivars - the multifoliolate “Mnogolistna 1” and the trifoliolate “Europe” were investigated for their resistance towards two main alfalfa defoliators Phytonomus variabilis Hrbst., 1795 and Phytodecta fornicata Brugg., 1873. The results of the two year study showed that the population density of both pests was higher in the“Mnogolistna 1” fields. The anatomical study of the leaves showed that multifoliolate alfalfa cultivar has narrower palisade and spongy parenchyma and thinner leaves and cuticle which make it less resistant to Ph. variabilis and Ph. fornicata.Проучени са популационната плътност и хранителните предпочитания на малкият люцернов листов хоботник (Phytonomus variabilis Hrbst., 1795) и на люцерновият листояд (Phytodecta fornicata Brugg., 1873) към два сорта люцерна – многолистният “Многолистна 1” и трилистният “Европа”. Две годишните наблюдения показват по- висока популационна плътност и на двата неприятеля при сорт “Многолистна 1”. Резултатите от анатомичните проучвания на листата показаха по-малка височина на гъбчестия и палисадния паренхим, по-тънки листни петури, а също и формирането на по-тънка кутикула при сорта “Многолистна 1” в сравнение с “Европа”, което очевидно я прави по-предпочитана от проучваните листогризещи неприятели

EurOP2E – the European Open Platform for Prescribing Education, a consensus study among clinical pharmacology and therapeutics teachers

Purpose Sharing and developing digital educational resources and open educational resources has been proposed as a way to harmonize and improve clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education in European medical schools. Previous research, however, has shown that there are barriers to the adoption and implementation of open educational resources. The aim of this study was to determine perceived opportunities and barriers to the use and creation of open educational resources among European CPT teachers and possible solutions for these barriers. Methods CPT teachers of British and EU medical schools completed an online survey. Opportunities and challenges were identified by thematic analyses and subsequently discussed in an international consensus meeting. Results Data from 99 CPT teachers from 95 medical schools were analysed. Thirty teachers (30.3%) shared or collaboratively produced digital educational resources. All teachers foresaw opportunities in the more active use of open educational resources, including improving the quality of their teaching. The challenges reported were language barriers, local differences, lack of time, technological issues, difficulties with quality management, and copyright restrictions. Practical solutions for these challenges were discussed and include a peer review system, clear indexing, and use of copyright licenses that permit adaptation of resources. Conclusion Key challenges to making greater use of CPT open educational resources are a limited applicability of such resources due to language and local differences and quality concerns. These challenges may be resolved by relatively simple measures, such as allowing adaptation and translation of resources and a peer review system

Key Learning Outcomes for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Education in Europe: A Modified Delphi Study.

Harmonizing clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education in Europe is necessary to ensure that the prescribing competency of future doctors is of a uniform high standard. As there are currently no uniform requirements, our aim was to achieve consensus on key learning outcomes for undergraduate CPT education in Europe. We used a modified Delphi method consisting of three questionnaire rounds and a panel meeting. A total of 129 experts from 27 European countries were asked to rate 307 learning outcomes. In all, 92 experts (71%) completed all three questionnaire rounds, and 33 experts (26%) attended the meeting. 232 learning outcomes from the original list, 15 newly suggested and 5 rephrased outcomes were included. These 252 learning outcomes should be included in undergraduate CPT curricula to ensure that European graduates are able to prescribe safely and effectively. We provide a blueprint of a European core curriculum describing when and how the learning outcomes might be acquired

Specific features of singulatives

Singulatives are nouns that refer to individual objects separated from the mass substance. We analyze singulatives: their structure, relationships with various groups of nouns, and means of expressing singularity. Simple singulatives are formed by adding suffixes to material collective nouns denoting a substance consisting of separate homogeneous objects or small particles, crystals that have a particular form and may be seen with a naked eye. Descriptive singulatives are formed from physical nouns denoting liquid, amorphous, powder substance or soft and hard materials that have no particular shape and consist of particles that are invisible to the naked eye and cannot be separated from the mass substance

ПОПУЛАЦИОННА ПЛЪТНОСТ НА МАЛКИЯТ ЛЮЦЕРНОВ ЛИСТОВ ХОБОТНИК PHYTONOMUS VARIABILIS HRBST. И ЛЮЦЕРНОВИЯТ ЛИСТОЯД PHYTODECTA FORNICATA BRUGG. ПРИ МНОГОЛИСТНА И ТРИЛИСТНА ЛЮЦЕРНА ВЪВ ВРЪЗКА С АНАТОМИЧНИТЕ ОСОБЕНОСТИ НА ЛИСТАТА ИМ.

Two alfalfa cultivars - the multifoliolate “Mnogolistna 1” and the trifoliolate “Europe” were investigated for their resistance towards two main alfalfa defoliators Phytonomus variabilis Hrbst., 1795 and Phytodecta fornicata Brugg., 1873. The results of the two year study showed that the population density of both pests was higher in the“Mnogolistna 1” fields. The anatomical study of the leaves showed that multifoliolate alfalfa cultivar has narrower palisade and spongy parenchyma and thinner leaves and cuticle which make it less resistant to Ph. variabilis and Ph. fornicata.Проучени са популационната плътност и хранителните предпочитания на малкият люцернов листов хоботник (Phytonomus variabilis Hrbst., 1795) и на люцерновият листояд (Phytodecta fornicata Brugg., 1873) към два сорта люцерна – многолистният “Многолистна 1” и трилистният “Европа”. Две годишните наблюдения показват по- висока популационна плътност и на двата неприятеля при сорт “Многолистна 1”. Резултатите от анатомичните проучвания на листата показаха по-малка височина на гъбчестия и палисадния паренхим, по-тънки листни петури, а също и формирането на по-тънка кутикула при сорта “Многолистна 1” в сравнение с “Европа”, което очевидно я прави по-предпочитана от проучваните листогризещи неприятели

A galantamine–curcumin hybrid lacks the depressant side effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

AbstractAcetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are drugs that enhance cholinergic neuro-transmission and are used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and myasthenia gravis. Common AChEIs include rivastigmine, donepezil and galantamine (GAL), but they can cause side effects like nausea, vomiting, depression and bradycardia. A potential link exists between AChEIs and increased depression risk. Recently, we have discovered a hybrid compound (4b) combining GAL and curcumin (CCN), which shows improved anticholinesterase activity and neuroprotective effects. It could be developed as a potential multitarget agent for neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we examine the compound’s depressant side effect on mice, comparing it to GAL and CCN. Tests were conducted twice using the tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swim test over an 8-day treatment period. The results showed that 4b lacked the depressant effect of GAL and even displayed a mild antidepressant effect similar to CCN in TST. This suggests that incorporating antidepressant fragments, like CCN, into AChEIs can potentially neutralize their depressive side effects