Textile Application: From Need to Imagination

To understand textiles and their application today, as well as future applications, it is necessary to comprehend the development of textiles and their applications throughout history. The gradual development of textile production processes and the use of different materials, influenced the development and application of materials themselves. Numerous innovations made since Industrial revolution, events in technology development and international competition have shaped the industry and continue to affect the textile production even today. Nowadays, textiles can be divided into two main sectors according to their application: conventional textiles (textiles for fashion clothing) and technical textiles with numerous applications for nearly all society needs. Due to market needs and technology development, the interference of all areas of science occurs, resulting in amazing innovations that follow existing trends and set future trends in terms of interactivity, digital and electronic functionality, social and environmental awareness, esthetics, etc. These are the reasons for great freedom, development prospects, expression of creativity and thus of innovativeness. The need for them today is greater and more important than ever before in the history of textiles and their application

International Conference on Intelligent Textiles & Mass Customisation – ITMC 2019

The 7th edition of the International Conference on Intelligent Textiles and Mass Customization - ITMC 2019 was held in the Marrakech, Morocco, from 13th to 15th November 2019. The Conference was organized by the Higher School of Textile and Clothing Industries (ESITH), in partnership with Ghent University in Belgium, the National School of Arts and Textile Industries (ENSAIT) in France, Shinshu University in Japan and CTT Group of Canada. The ITMC 2019 conference interdisciplinary approach is the key to maximizing the potential and development of textile materials for various applications. The purpose of the conference is to explore new ideas, effective solutions and collaborative partnerships for business growth by catalyzing the creation of a beneficial synergy between designers, manufacturers, suppliers and end-users from all sectors and making full use of this potential. The themes of the ITMC conference focus on smart textiles and mass personalization: advanced manufacturing, comfort, digital tools, design methodologies, connected composites, mass customization, e-textile and e-commerce, smart and functional textiles, education and training, funding opportunities, supply chain management and logistics, sustainable production and recycling

Weaving Complex Patterns — From Weaving Looms to Weaving Machines

A chronological overview of the historical facts of the art of hand weaving, with an emphasis on the development of large and complex patterns is provided. The development of looms or weaving machines through history for weaving fabric with large patterns is described. Hand weaving complex patterns from primitive weaving on frames to more complex weaving with two weavers operating one loom was especially explored. The beginning of Jacquard weaving and its application even to the electronic Jacquard looms has been emphasized. An analysis of the development of patterned fabrics with multiple effects was carried out. The analysis was conducted according to patterns using the shortened version of drawing a sample. The results show that it is possible to determine the technique of weaving and construction parameters of each fabric pattern that vary in color and/or in a weave used. The most accurate way to highlight the contours of the points of the transition of one effect into another, namely by shifting warp and weft interlacing points on the edges of each pattern (opposing thread float), is described. Based on the obtained results and finding an identical yarn, it is possible to replicate the pattern on the Jacquard loom

Textile Composites for Seat Upholstery

Textile for seat upholstery is a part of wide field of Mobiltech. It is very important segment of the visual identity of a vehicle, so its design, along with other high set requirements, is of the utmost importance. Textiles for seat upholstery are subject to many challenges; therefore, some of the required properties are resistance to stress, abrasion, UV radiation, external temperature and humidity, static electricity and peeling, as well as offering safety and comfort. For cladding car seat construction with textile, individual cutting parts of the fabric are joined by seam, and this part usually has the lowest mechanical properties. Therefore, in designing seat upholstery, the focus needs to be on these material segments. The function of the seam is to provide uniform transmission of loads between two joined materials and keep their integrity, which is not completely possible with stitched seam. Therefore, the material behaviour in places of sewn seam, the impact of the needlepoint and needle type on the strength, the appearance and seam quality will be discussed. Since the textile composites for seat upholstery are exposed to the multi-cyclical stress on certain areas, a part of this chapter will be focused precisely on that field

Analiza i optimizacija uvučenih krajeva u tkanju

U ovom su radu dani temeljni uvjeti za pravilnu tvorbu uvučenih krajeva u tkanini. Optimirani su vezovi, gustoća i finoća pređe u krajevima u odnosu na temeljnu tkaninu. Prema dobivenim rezultatima može se utvrditi da je optimiranje krajeva vrlo kompleksan problem koji ovisi o mnogim parametrima pređe, tkanine i uvjetima tkanja. Labavi ili zategnuti krajevi stvaraju probleme u procesu tkanja te imaju za posljedicu nemogućnost daljnje obrade tkanine i narušavanje kvalitete tkanine

Phosphorus and Nitrogen Transport in the Binational Great Lakes Basin Estimated Using SPARROW Watershed Models

AbstractEutrophication problems in the Great Lakes are caused by excessive nutrient inputs (primarily phosphorus, P, and nitrogen, N) from various sources throughout its basin. In developing protection and restoration plans, it is important to know where and from what sources the nutrients originate. As part of a binational effort, Midcontinent SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes) models were developed and used to estimate P and N loading from throughout the entire basin based on nutrient inputs similar to 2002; previous SPARROW models only estimated U.S. contributions. The new models have a higher resolution (~2‐km2 catchments) enabling improved descriptions of where nutrients originate and the sources at various spatial scales. The models were developed using harmonized geospatial datasets describing the stream network, nutrient sources, and environmental characteristics affecting P and N delivery. The models were calibrated using loads from sites estimated with ratio estimator and regression techniques and additional statistical approaches to reduce spatial correlation in the residuals and have all monitoring sites equally influence model development. SPARROW results, along with interlake transfers and direct atmospheric inputs, were used to quantify the entire P and N input to each lake and describe the importance of each nutrient source. Model results can be used to compare loading and yields from various tributaries and jurisdictions

Utjecaj sušenja na fizikalno-mehanička svojstva škrobljene pređe

Analiziran je utjecaj različitih način sušenja škrobljene pamučne konvencionalne pređe na njezina fizikalno-mehanička svojstva. Ispitivanja su provedena na pamučnoj pređi različitih finoća na novokonstruiranom laboratorijskom stroju za škrobljenje. Nakon škrobljenja pređa je sušena na tri načina: konvekcijskim, kontaktnim i mikrovalnim sušenjem. Prema dobivenim rezultatima, način sušenja škrobljene pređe ne utječe bitno na fizikalno-mehanička svojstva pređe. Najveći utjecaj načina sušenja primjetan je kod svojstva dlakavosti pri čemu je ona smanjena u slučaju primjene kontaktnog sušionika. Najveći doprinos mikrovalnog sušenja je u njegovoj ekonomičnosti i jednoličnosti sušenja, dok su postignuti efekti škrobljenja podjednaki efektima postignutima, danas najčešće primjenjivanim, kontaktnim načinom sušenja

The NAD+ Precursor Nicotinamide Riboside Rescues Mitochondrial Defects and Neuronal Loss in iPSC and Fly Models of Parkinson's Disease.

While mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as key in Parkinson's disease (PD), a central question remains whether mitochondria are actual disease drivers and whether boosting mitochondrial biogenesis and function ameliorates pathology. We address these questions using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and Drosophila models of GBA-related PD (GBA-PD), the most common PD genetic risk. Patient neurons display stress responses, mitochondrial demise, and changes in NAD+ metabolism. NAD+ precursors have been proposed to ameliorate age-related metabolic decline and disease. We report that increasing NAD+ via the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) significantly ameliorates mitochondrial function in patient neurons. Human neurons require nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) to maintain the NAD+ pool and utilize NRK1 to synthesize NAD+ from NAD+ precursors. Remarkably, NR prevents the age-related dopaminergic neuronal loss and motor decline in fly models of GBA-PD. Our findings suggest NR as a viable clinical avenue for neuroprotection in PD and other neurodegenerative diseases

Hybrid Approach in Microscale Transport Phenomena: Application to Biodiesel Synthesis in Micro-reactors

A hybrid engineering approach to the study of transport phenomena, based on the synergy among computational, analytical, and experimental methodologies is reviewed. The focus of the chapter is on fundamental analysis and proof of concept developments in the use of nano- and micro-technologies for energy efficiency and heat and mass transfer enhancement applications. The hybrid approach described herein combines improved lumped-differential modeling, hybrid numericalanalytical solution methods, mixed symbolic-numerical computations, and advanced experimental techniques for micro-scale transport phenomena. An application dealing with micro-reactors for continuous synthesis of biodiesel is selected to demonstrate the instrumental role of the hybrid approach in achieving improved design and enhanced performance