Histopathology of urinary bladder carcinoma: Less common variants

Bladder cancer is a common form of neoplasia which most often presents histologically as urothelial (transitional cell) carcinoma. In this article we review recent publications dealing with the less common variants of urothelial carcinoma such as tumours that show unusual forms of differentiation or the well know squamous, glandular, or sarcomatoid differentiation. Urothelial tumours may also show several distinct growth variants characterized by a nested, micropapillary, lymphoepithelioma-like, or plasmacytoid and giant cell growth pattern. The clinical course of bladder cancer varies depending on the histological type of neoplasia, grade and stage of the tumour. High-grade muscle-invasive urothelial cancers and tumours showing variant microscopic morphology have in general high mortality and poor prognosis

TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS – A REPORT ON TWO CASES

Rheumatoid arthritis is traditionally considered a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology.It is a disabling and painful inflammatory condition, which can lead to substantial loss of mobility due to pain and joint destruction. Clinical characteristics of the rheumatoid hip are pain, limited range of motion, and rapid onset of cartilage destruction resulting in secondary changes in other lower limb joints and the spine. Radiography showed intensive osteoporosis and later protrusion of acetabulum. Treatment of rheumatoid coxitis is specific, which depends on the stage of disease, subjective and objective complications, and can be medicamentous, functional and operative.The study presents the treatment of two patients with rheumatoid arthritis with total hip arthroplasty at the Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinical Center Nis. In a fifty-five-old patient with the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, the rheumatoid hip joint underwent a cementless total hip arthroplasty. In a sixty-eight-year old patient, the rheumatoid hip joint underwent total hip arthroplasty with cement. In both patients we obtained good functional results.Total hip arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid coxitis relieves pain and prevents invalidity conditioned by destruction of the hip joint

ULTRASOUND-EXPLORED ANATOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RENAL SINUS IN HEALTHY CHILDREN

In 195 with no manifest urinary tract disease, of the one to seven years of age,the ultrasound was used to determine the renal sinus dimensions (length and width),Their correlation with age and the kidnev dimensions was examined. The real-timemechanical sector scanner (ALOKA SSD 500) was used with convex probes of 3,5and 5 MHz in the supine position and in the counter-lateral body decubitus. The sinus dimensions kept on increasing continuously during the analysis period, mostintensely during the fifth year of age. The sinus enlargement was in a bettercorrelation with the kidney growth than with the childrens age. Still, there is anevident slight lagging behind in the sinus dimension growth comparing to the kidneydimension growth

Proactive advising: a machine learning driven approach to vaccine hesitancy

Despite once being nearly eradicated, Measles cases in Europe have surged to a 20-year high with more than 60,000 cases in 2018, due to a dramatic decrease in vaccination rates. The decrease in Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccination rates can be attributed to an increase in 'vaccine hesitancy', or the delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite their availability. Vaccine hesitancy is a relatively new global problem for which effective interventions are not yet established. In this paper, a novel machine learning approach to identify children at risk of not being vaccinated against MMR is proposed, with the objective of facilitating proactive action by healthcare workers and policymakers. A use case of the approach is the provision of individualized informative guidance to families that may otherwise become or are already vaccine hesitant. Using a LASSO logistic regression model trained on 44,000 child Electronic Health Records (EHRs), vaccine hesitant families can be identified with a higher precision (0.72) than predicting vaccine uptake based on a child's infant vaccination record alone (0.63). The model uses a low number of attributes of the child and his or her family and community to produce a prediction, making it readily interpretable by healthcare professionals. The implementation of the machine learning model into an open source dashboard for use by healthcare providers and policymakers as an Early Warning and Monitoring System (EWS) against vaccine hesitancy is proposed. The EWS would facilitate a wide variety of proactive, anticipatory and therefore potentially more effective public health interventions, compared to reactive interventions taken after vaccine rejections.publishersversionpublishe