ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA IN VITRO DO ÁLCOOL GEL A 70% FRENTE ÀS BACTÉRIAS HOSPITALARES E DA COMUNIDADE

The use of gel alcohol in hands antisepsis procedures represents a frequent practice in health institutions. Thus, we decided to determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of gel alcohol 70% used at Clinical Hospital of Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto – USP against hospital and community bacteria by means of dripping and well technique. Hospital bacteria were: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while community bacteria were: S. aureus and Staphylococcus coagulase-negative. The gel alcohol demonstrated antimicrobial activity by means of the dripping technique against all bacteria studied, but with the well technique no effect was observed. In conclusion, before using any substance or product against microorganisms it is necessary to evaluate previously its effectiveness with adjusted microbiological techniques or methods.O uso de álcool gel em procedimentos de anti-sepsia das mãos representa uma prática freqüente nas instituições de saúde. Assim, estabeleceu-se: determinar in vitro a atividade antibacteriana do álcool gel a 70%, utilizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto – USP, frente às bactérias hospitalares e da comunidade, por meio das técnicas de gotejamento e do poço. As bactérias hospitalares foram Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, e da comunidade: S. aureus e Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo. O álcool gel apresentou atividade antibacteriana, pela técnica de gotejamento, frente a todas as bactérias estudadas, porém com a técnica do poço nenhum efeito foi observado. Em conclusão, antes de utilizar alguma substância ou produto contra microrganismos é necessário avaliar previamente a sua eficácia com técnicas ou métodos microbiológicos adequados

Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of crude extracts and isolated constituents from Chresta scapigera Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos brutos e dos constituintes de Chresta scapigera

Crude extracts and eight isolated compounds from Chresta scapigera were evaluated for antibacterial and antifungal activities by the agar-well diffusion method. Twenty strains, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts were used in the bioassay. Hexane extracts presented the best results while ethanol extracts did not indicate inhibition of the microbial growth. Amongst the evaluated compounds b-amyrin acetate, tiliroside and luteolin showed the strongest antimicrobial effect.<br>Os extratos brutos e oito constituintes isolados de Chresta scapigera foram avaliados para as atividades antibacteriana e antifúngica, utilizando o método de difusão em ágar. Vinte cepas indicadoras, incluindo bactérias (Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas) e leveduras, foram utilizadas no bioensaio. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos para os extratos hexânicos, enquanto os extratos etanólicos não inibiram o crescimento microbiano. Acetato de b-amirina, tilirosídeo e luteolina foram os mais eficazes dentre os constituintes avaliados

Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana e citotóxica de extratos de Gochnatia polymorpha ssp floccosa

Neste estudo procedeu-se a avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana e citotóxica de extratos de Gochnatia polymorpha ssp floccosa, espécie empregada na medicina popular contra doenças respiratórias. Folhas, cascas do tronco e ramos foram extraídos com hexano, diclorometano e etanol, sucessivamente, sendo obtidos os respectivos extratos brutos. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pelo método de difusão em ágar utilizando-se bactérias Gram-positivas, Gram-negativas e fungos. A avaliação da citotoxicidade foi realizada empregando-se o ensaio de letalidade contra Artemia salina. Nenhum dos extratos mostrou atividade citotóxica. Os extratos das folhas apresentaram uma fraca atividade antimicrobiana frente a algumas cepas de Staphylococcus aureus e Streptococcus mutans, enquanto o extrato em diclorometano dos ramos e o extrato em etanol das cascas foram ativos contra Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus e S. epidermidis. A maior atividade antimicrobiana foi observada para o extrato em diclorometano das cascas, que inibiu o crescimento de Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis e Candida albicans. Esta atividade parece estar relacionada à presença de diterpenos no extrato. Nenhum dos extratos estudados (a 5,0 mg/mL) mostrou atividade frente a cepas de bactérias Gram-negativas. Esses resultados demonstram o potencial dessa planta como fonte de compostos antibacterianos e justificam, parcialmente, seu uso popular

ACTIVIDAD ANTIMICROBIANA DE DIFERENTES TIPOS DE CEMENTOS ENDODÓNTICOS

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana de los cementos endod&oacute;nticos a base de resina (Epiphany, Sealer 26 e AH Plus), cementos a base de silicona (Roeko Seal) y cementos de &oacute;xido de zinc y eugenol (Intrafill), sobre cinco diferentes especies de microorganismos. El m&eacute;todo utilizado fue el de difusi&oacute;n en Agar. Una capa base fue confeccionada usando Agar M&uuml;ller-Hinton (MH) y los pozos fueron formados por la remoci&oacute;n del Agar. Los materiales fueron colocados en los pozos despu&eacute;s de su manipulaci&oacute;n. Los microorganismos usados fueron: Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC10538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), Candida albicans (ATCC 1023) y Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 10541). Las placas fueron mantenidas a temperatura ambiente por 2 horas para pre-difusi&oacute;n y posteriormente incubadas a 370 C por 24 horas. Los resultados demostraron que el cemento Epiphany y el Sealer 26 presentaron actividad antimicrobiana sobre todas las cepas evaluadas. El cemento AH Plus y el Intrafill mostraron una acci&oacute;n antimicrobiana sobre todos los microorganismos excepto P aeruginosa y el Roeko Seal no fue efectivo sobre ning&uacute;n microorganismo.&nbsp;Palabras claves:&nbsp;Material obturador de canal radicular, Actividad antimicrobiana.ABSTRACT&nbsp;The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of root canal sealers based on resins (Epiphany, Sealer 26 and AH Plus), silicon (Roeko Seal) and zinc oxide and eugenol (Intrafill), against five different microorganism strains. The agar diffusion method was used. A base layer was made using M&uuml;ller-Hinton agar (MH) and wells were formed by removing agar. The materials were placed into the wells immediately after manipulation. The microorganisms used were: Micrococcus luteus (ATCC9341), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC10538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 10541).The plates were kept at room temperature for 2 h for prediffusion and then incubated at 370 C for 24 h. The results showed that Epiphany and Sealer 26 presented antimicrobial activity against all strains. AH Plus and Intrafill presented antimicrobial activity against all strains except P aeruginosa and Roeko Seal wasn't effective against any microorganism.Key Words:&nbsp;Root canal filling material; antimicrobial activity

Antimicrobial activity of endodontic sealers based on calcium hydroxide and MTA.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a new root canal sealer containing calcium hydroxide (Acroseal) and the root canal sealer based on MTA (Endo CPM Sealer), in comparison with traditional sealers (Sealapex, Sealer 26 and Intrafill) and white MTA-Angelus, against five different microorganism strains. The materials and their components were evaluated after manipulation, employing the agar diffusion method. A base layer was made using Müller-Hinton agar (MH) and wells were made by removing agar. The materials were placed into the wells immediately after manipulation. The microorganisms used were: Micrococcus luteus (ATCC9341), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 10541). The plates were kept at room temperature for 2 h for prediffusion and then incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The results showed that Sealapex and its base paste, Sealer 26 and its powder, Endo CPM Sealer and its powder, white MTA and its powder all presented antimicrobial activity against all strains. Intrafill and its liquid presented antimicrobial activity against all strains except P. aeruginosa and Acroseal was effective only against M. luteus and S. aureus

In vitro antimicrobial activity of endodontic sealers, MTA-based cements and Portland cement.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of different root-end filling materials - Sealer 26, Sealapex with zinc oxide, zinc oxide and eugenol, white and gray Portland cement, white and gray MTA-Angelus, and gray Pro Root MTA - against six different microorganism strains. The agar diffusion method was used. A base layer was made using Müller-Hinton agar (MH) and wells were formed by removing the agar. The materials were placed in the wells immediately after manipulation. The microorganisms used were: Micrococcus luteus (ATCC9341), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC10538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 10541). The plates were kept at room temperature for 2 h for prediffusion and then incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride 0.05% gel was added for optimization, and the zones of inhibition were measured. Data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests at a 5% significance level. The results showed that all materials had antimicrobial activity against all the tested strains. Analysis of the efficacy of the materials against the microbial strains showed that Sealapex with zinc oxide, zinc oxide and eugenol and Sealer 26 created larger inhibition halos than the MTA-based and Portland cements (P < 0.05). On the basis of the methodology used, it may be concluded that all endodontic sealers, MTA-based and Portland cements evaluated in this study possess antimicrobial activity, particularly the endodontic sealers

Phytochemical study and antimicrobial activity evaluation of Talauma ovata

O estudo fitoquímico de cascas do tronco e folhas de Talauma ovata St. Hil. (Magnoliaceae) levou ao isolamento das lactonas sesquiterpênicas costunolídeo e partenolídeo e dos alcalóides aporfínicos liriodenina, lanuginosina, dicentrinona, O-metilmoschatolina e N-acetilxilopina. Os extratos brutos, frações de extratos obtidas por partição com solventes e substâncias isoladas foram avaliadas pelo método de difusão em ágar, utilizando-se 15 bactérias Gram-positivas, 3 bactérias Gram-negativas e 3 fungos. A maior atividade foi detectada na fração em diclorometano do extrato em etanol das cascas, a qual foi ativa contra bactérias Gram-positivas. Nenhum extrato ou fração inibiu o crescimento de bactérias Gram-negativas ou fungos. Partenolídeo e O-metilmoschatolina apresentaram boa atividade contra várias cepas de Staphylococcus aureus, com concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) variando entre 100 e 25 μg/mL. O alcalóide Nacetilxilopina apresentou moderada atividade antifúngica (CIM = 250 μg/mL). Liriodenina, lanuginosina, dicentrinona e O-metilmoschatolina estão sendo descritos pela primeira vez nesta espécie.Petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of trunk bark and leaves from Talauma ovata St. Hil. (Magnoliaceae) were submitted to chromatographic separation. This procedure furnished the sesquiterpene lactones costunolide and parthenolide and the aporphine alkaloids liriodenine, lanuginosine, dicentrinone, O-methylmoschatoline and N-acetylxylopine. Crude extracts, fractions from sequential partition with solvents and isolated compounds were screened against 15 Gram-positive bacteria, 3 Gram-negative bacteria and 3 yeasts, using the agar well-diffusion technique. The most activity was detected in the fraction in dichloromethane from ethanol extract of trunk bark, which was active against Gram-positive bacteria, but not against Gram-negative bacteria or fungi. Parthenolide and O-methylmoschatoline showed good and specific activity against several strains of Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) varying from 100 to 25 μg/mL. The alkaloid N-acetylxylopine exhibited moderate activity against Candida albicans (MIC = 250 μg/mL). This is the first report of liriodenine, lanuginosine, dicentrinone and O-methylmoschatoline in T. ovataColegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire