Using the lichen Parmelia sulcata Taylor in the urban environment monitoring

The article presents the results of the long-term research of the lichen species population in urban environment. The tolerant species Parmelia sulcata Taylor was chosen as an indicator of urban conditions. The study was conducted in different parts of the city of Pskov (Russia) varying in degree of air pollution. The analyses of species’ urban habitats, substrate diversity, thalli location in relation to the points of the compass, abundance and projective cover are discussed. Attention is also focused on the morphological parameters of the lichen’s thalli (thalli size, presence or absence of apothecia, vegetative propagules, thalli color and presence of necro spots on the lichen individuals etc.) in different environmental conditions. Received data will serve as a base for monitoring Parmelia sulcata population change continuously

Lichens as Indicators of the Urban Environment Quality

The ranging of lichens among classes of poleotolerance were made. The most widely spread species from each class are mentioned. The estimation of the ecological state of air environment of the city of Pskov with lichens was held

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RELATED SEQUENCES AND THEIR INCREMENTS ON THE BASIS OF DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the lengths of orthologous proteins of four organisms, one of which is taken as the basic one ( more than 1200 proteins in total). The methods of multivariate statistical analysis are used, it is applied to pairs, triples and fours (strings) composed of lengths of orthologous proteins. The number of such lines is from 200 to 400. The analysis of pair correlations, orthogonal transformation and cluster analysis allowed us to distinguish two homogeneous clusters of four-lengths. At the same time, we studied the increments of the length of the orthologous protein relative to the basic organism. We showed that the lines form a non-uniform sample, and the increments form a homogeneous sample. Then the task was to expand the clusters with rows with incomplete data. It was shown that cluster analysis is not applicable for this task, so we used discriminant analysis with a training sample — clustering with complete data. A 100 percent separation of all incomplete rows by clusters was obtained; with the following description of the length dependences of clusters on the base. The adequacy of the resulting regression equations was tested. As a result of statistical analysis, the following conclusions were made. For a set of lengths of orthologous series, a generalizing factor was obtained, let's call it the size of an orthologic object from 4 lengths of orthologous proteins. For the given task such sizes of objects were obtained, and their average group values differ, they form two separate ranges of values, one for each group of the values obtained by other methods. For series of increments of the lengths of orthologous proteins from objects of four, an analysis performed by all methods showed homogeneity of the set. It was shown that the lengths of orthologous proteins have significant autocorrelation, as is the case with rows associated with the same basic series

Optimisations of the cost and structure of created investment resources of an entity based on financial leverage elements

The article demonstrates the author's method for cost and structure optimisation of created investment resources of an entity based on financial leverage tools for effective financing of real investments in case of development of an investment strategy for an entity development, namely: - Criteria of investments financing from line items of conservative, compromise, and aggressive approaches are determined using in the scheme of financing owner's capital, and also short-term and long-term loan fund capital; - Step-by-step creation of the financial performances considering industry specifics, scale of functioning of economic agents' activities is offered. Effective activities of the entities in long terms, ensuring high rates of their development and competitiveness increase in the conditions of market economy, are substantially determined by the level of their investment activity and the range of investing activities. One of the main tasks of forming the investment resources is the optimisation of their structure taking into account the profitability level and the investment risk. The optimisation of a capital structure by criterion of financial profitability level maximisation (profitability of the owner's capital) is reached by means of financial leverage mechanism. Profitability level maximisation for the capital considering the set level of financial risk is performed through the financial leverage, showing the use of borrowed funds by the entity. Carrying out complex calculations within the investment analysis with use of mechanisms of financial leverage allows determining the optimum structure of the created investment resources providing maximisation of the profitability level. © 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved

THE WORLD OF CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH IN RUSSIAN NOBLE FAMILIES OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY IN THE CONTEXT OF STRATIFICATION APPROACH

traditions. Hence, it is one of the criteria for evolutionary or revolutionary changes in a particular society, accentuating the culture of everyday life and the connection of generations. In a rigidly structured estate society, such as the population of the Russian Empire, the world of childhood and youth developed in the context of social traditionalism, adopted in one or another estate community. Methodology: The basis of the study is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, and science. To prove these theses, comparative-historical, problem-chronological, logical-analytical methods were used, which made it possible to reliably reconstruct the world of childhood and youth in noble families of Russia of the first half of the nineteenth century. Result: The most detailed system of socialization of children and adolescents was developed in an environment of a noble family, distinguished by more strict and complex etiquette, where pride in belonging to a noble class was inculcated at an early age. But the feeling of belonging to the upper class among the young nobles was different and mediated by many factors, first of all, the ancient lineage, the level of the material wealth of the family, education, upbringing,  and culture. That is, the variability of the socialization of children and adolescents was extensive. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of The World of Childhood and Youth in Russian Noble Families of the First Half of the Nineteenth Century in the Context of Stratification Approach is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner

Short-range order and electronic properties of epitaxial graphene

One of the most rapidly developing areas of modern materials science is the study of graphene and materials on its basis. The experimental investigations have revealed different types of defects on the surface of graphene that form the ordered structures of atomic configurations. In the present work, the value of short-range order parameter for different configurations of foreign atoms in a graphene layer was calculated. The effect of various factors on the density of electronic states and electrical resistance in graphene was also investigated. The type of the ordering of foreign atoms in graphene rather than the concentration of impurities, was shown to be responsible for the change in the conductivity of graphene

СЕЛЬСКОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО: СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ МЕТОДОВ И ПОДХОДОВ АНАЛИЗА И УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКОГО УЧЕТА

In the present economic situation, effective management accounting of the activities of any agricultural enterprise implies regular monitoring using a whole range of traditional and innovative analytical and management tools. In the conditions of the modern market, the need for research of the theory and practice of management accounting and its features in relation to a specific target audience is growing. Among the diversity of agricultural organizations, the most important is to identify priorities in improving the business in order to increase its efficiency and uniqueness. In this paper, with the help of tools, various aspects of management accounting are analyzed, a new generalized direction of accounting is defined, a new concept of management accounting is given, the most effective and optimal management approaches are identified for effective decision making.The proposed measures can be applied not only by agricultural organizations, but also by other economic entities. The proposed system of management accounting in agriculture can serve as a starting point for scientific research and improvement of management accounting.En la situación económica actual, la contabilidad de gestión efectiva de las actividades de cualquier empresa agrícola implica un monitoreo regular utilizando toda una gama de herramientas analíticas y de gestión tradicionales e innovadoras. En las condiciones del mercado moderno, la necesidad de investigar la teoría y la práctica de la contabilidad de gestión y sus características en relación con un público objetivo específico está creciendo. Entre la diversidad de organizaciones agrícolas, lo más importante es identificar las prioridades para mejorar el negocio con el fin de aumentar su eficiencia y singularidad. En este documento, con la ayuda de herramientas, se analizan diversos aspectos de la contabilidad de gestión, se define una nueva dirección generalizada de contabilidad, se proporciona un nuevo concepto de contabilidad de gestión, se identifican los enfoques de gestión más eficaces y óptimos para una toma de decisiones efectiva. Las medidas propuestas pueden ser aplicadas no solo por organizaciones agrícolas, sino también por otras entidades económicas. El sistema propuesto de contabilidad de gestión en la agricultura puede servir como punto de partida para la investigación científica y la mejora de la contabilidad de gestión.В настоящее время в сложившейся экономической ситуации эффективный управленческий учет деятельности любого сельскохозяйственного предприятия подразумевает регулярный мониторинг, с помощью целого комплекса традиционных и инновационных аналитических и управленческих инструментов. В условиях современного рынка все больше возрастает потребность в исследовании теории и практики управленческого учета и ее особенностей применительно к конкретной целевой аудитории. Среди создавшегося многообразия сельскохозяйственных организаций наиболее важным является определение приоритетов в совершенствовании собственного бизнеса с целью повышения его эффективности и уникальности. В настоящей работе с помощью управленческих инструментов проанализированы различные аспекты управленческого учета, определено новое обобщенное направление управленческого учета, дано новое понятие управленческого учета, определены наиболее эффективные и оптимальные управленческие подходы для целей выработки эффективных решений.Предложенные мероприятия могут быть применены не только организациями сельского хозяйства, но и другими экономическими субъектами. Предложенная система управленческого учета в сельском хозяйстве может послужить отправной точкой для научных разработок и совершенствования управленческого учета

Classification of Municipalities in the Republic of Buryatia by the Level of Tick-Borne Viral Encephalitis Incidence

Tick-borne viral encephalitis (TBVE) is one of the most significant natural-focal infections in the Russian Federation.The aim of the study was to analyze the current epidemiological situation on TBVE in the Buryat Republic in 2010–2020 with a subsequent differentiation of municipalities by epidemiological risk groups in order to elaborate proposals for optimization of preventive measures.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the epidemiological situation on TBVE in the Buryat Republic was carried out using forms of federal statistical surveillance No. 2 “Information on infectious and parasitic diseases” over 2010–2020 and the data from the Reference Center of the Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute of Siberia and Far East of the Rospotrebnadzor on the epidemiological situation and preventive measures in the municipalities of the constituent entity. Statistical processing was performed applying conventional methods of variation statistics. Based on calculated 95 % parametric confidence interval for the data on variability of the long-term average TBVE incidence in the municipalities of the Republic of Buryatia over a 10-year period, the entities were differentiated by epidemiological risk groups. QGis 2.18.28 and a set of open geodata OpenStreetMap were used for mapping.Results and discussion. All municipalities have been classified into five groups by the level of epidemiological risk: with zero TBVE incidence – 2 districts, with a low level – 4, medium – 8, high – 5, very high – 2. In addition, the administrative center has been placed into a separate group. Each individual group of municipalities is characterized by the number of TBVE cases, the level of morbidity, the frequency of seeking medical aid because of tick bites, the scope of specific and non-specific prevention measures. Recommendations for optimizing the tactics of TBVE prevention in certain municipal districts have been provided

Appraisal of child quality of life with pathology of hard tissues of teeth

The article assesses the quality of life in children with pathology of hard dental tissues at the age of 3-10 years. Diseases of hard dental tissues in children are an important problem in pediatric dentistry. In the course of the study, a deterioration in the quality of life was revealed in children with pathology of hard dental tissues in comparison with healthy children. The worst indicators of quality of life were observed in children with systemic enamel hypoplasia. To improve the quality of life of children with pathology of hard dental tissues, timely and high-quality treatment is necessary.В статье проведена оценка качества жизни у детей с патологией твердых тканей зубов в возрасте от 3-10 лет. Заболевания твердых тканей зубов у детей являются важной проблемой детской стоматологии. В ходе проведенного исследования было выявлено ухудшение качества жизни у детей с патологией твердых тканей зубов по сравнению со здоровыми детьми. Наихудшие показатели качества жизни наблюдались у детей с системной гипоплазией эмали. Для улучшения качества жизни детей с патологией твердых тканей зубов необходимо своевременное и качественное лечение

Assessment of a value of ultrasound diagnosis of inborn heart diseases at a stage of prenatal screening and at a stage of a maternity home

The assessment of efficiency of prenatal screening and Ekho-KS at a stage of a maternity home for detection of inborn heart diseases is carried out. In the studied cohort prenatal diagnosis was carried out to 90% of cases, but inborn heart diseases were revealed in 26% of cases. At 36% of Ekho-KS it was not spent at a stage maternity at home. All this leads to the wrong routing of the pregnant woman and newborn that increases risk of infantile mortalityПроведена оценка эффективности пренатального скрининга и Эхо-КС на этапе родильного дома для выявления врожденных пороков сердца. В исследуемой когорте пренатальная диагностика была проведена в 90% случаев, но врожденные пороки сердца были выявлены в 26% случаев. У 36% Эхо-КС не было проведено на этапе родильного дома. Все это ведет к неправильной маршрутизации беременной женщины и новорожденного, что увеличивает риск младенческой смертности