A new model for iris data set classification based on linear support vector machine parameter's optimization

Data mining is known as the process of detection concerning patterns from essential amounts of data. As a process of knowledge discovery. Classification is a data analysis that extracts a model which describes an important data classes. One of the outstanding classifications methods in data mining is support vector machine classification (SVM). It is capable of envisaging results and mostly effective than other classification methods. The SVM is a one technique of machine learning techniques that is well known technique, learning with supervised and have been applied perfectly to a vary problems of: regression, classification, and clustering in diverse domains such as gene expression, web text mining. In this study, we proposed a newly mode for classifying iris data set using SVM classifier and genetic algorithm to optimize c and gamma parameters of linear SVM, in addition principle components analysis (PCA) algorithm was use for features reduction

Design and analysis of helical antenna for short-range ultra-high-speed THz wireless applications

Terahertz (THz) band antennas are becoming a more attractive field of research due to the wide range of applications and advantages in future communications. A design of a helical antenna for ultra-high-speed THz wireless applications over short-range communication is proposed. The proposed antenna provides ultra-wideband bandwidth, high directional gain, low-cost, and circular polarization features. The proposed antenna design shows interesting results with respect to a fractional bandwidth of 65.40% and impedance bandwidth of 0.50992 THz for VSWR . Simulation results also show that maximum directivity, its realized gain and radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna is 12.1 dBi, 11.8 dBi, and 95.31% at 1 THz, respectively. The proposed antenna is performed, simulated and analysed by using the commercial CST microwave studio software. The simulation results display noticeable improvements in terms of fractional bandwidth, directivity and gain compared with other related-works. The proposed antenna can be used for several THz wireless applications, mainly for ultra-high-speed THz wireless applications over a short-range communication, such as Wi-Fi, base station, and medical applications

Investigating the tradeoff between transparency and efficiency in semitransparent bifacial mesosuperstructured solar cells for millimeter-scale applications

This article thanks to recent advancements in nanofabrication and 3-D packaging, typical Internet of Things devices can now be wirelessly controlled using millimeter-scale sensors known as Internet of Tiny Things devices. Since these low-power devices may be exposed to low and indirect solar irradiation, we demonstrate a novel mesosuperstructured solar cell (MSSC) that allows low flux light to be harvested from both its top and bottom sides. Our cell is based on either a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) or a perovskite solar cell (PSC). The active layer in the proposed MSSCs was tuned to allow semitransparent behavior. Moreover, we developed an experimentally validated model that enables optimization of the active layer thickness for different semitransparent MSSC applications. In MSSCs, such optimization is necessary to balance the tradeoff between transparency and efficiency for various active layer thicknesses. Fabricated DSSCs and PSCs cells were used to validate the simulation results. The fabricated DSSC achieved a harvesting ratio of 1:10 with a conversion efficiency of around 2% at one Sun. We demonstrate that the optimum thickness of the mesoporous TiO 2 active layer in DSSCs was 800 nm, enabling a maximum power density of 7 mW/cm 2

Optimization of organic meso-superstructured solar cells for underwater IoT² self-powered sensors

The effectiveness of the mesoporous TiO₂ layer, which acts as an active n-type semiconductor layer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), was investigated by varying AgVO₃ doping. To optimize the meso-superstructure, the doping concentration was varied from 0% to 25% using experimentally validated simulations. Moreover, performance comparisons between the experimentally fabricated DSSCs based on natural beetroot dye and the commonly used N719 dye were made. A 15% doping concentration was found optimum for our DSSC, which delivered an output power of 19.24 mW, 6.1% power conversion efficiency, and an open-circuit voltage, Voc , of 0.5 V and a short-circuit current density, Jsc , of 21 mA/cm² in diffused light conditions. Based on these performance results, we integrated our optimized DSSC in an underwater sensing unit as a light harvester

X-ray crystal structure, NMR, DFT investigations, pharmaco-kinetic, and toxicity of sarcotrocheliol: A pyrane-based cemranoids of marine origin

69-80One of a recently discovered marine origin cembranoids has been studied experimentally and theoretically to obtain its thorough structural, electronic, spectroscopic, and biochemical activity. The exact molecular structure of sarcotrocheliol (C20H34O2) 1 has been determined for the first time using a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystallography shows that the molecule is crystalline as an orthorhombic, space group of P212121, with a = 9.20(4) Å, b = 10.80(4) Å, c = 19.99(9) Å. 1H, 13C and DEPT-135 NMR measurements of sarcotrocheliol1have been measured in four different deuterated solvents: CDCl3, CD3CN, MeOH-d4 and DMSO-d6. Theoretical calculations have been performed to find the main structural and electronic properties of the compound and matched with the experimental properties. The density functional theory (DFT) method at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory has been used for all computed properties. Vibrational frequencies have been determined using DFT calculations and compared with the experimental values. Computed chemical shifts in the NMR have been determined by the GIAO method. The correlation coefficients between the calculated and experimental NMR chemical shifts have been found to be 0.92 and 0.998 for 1H and 13C NMR, respectively. Physicochemical parameters of the compound versus reference drugs have been done. The isolated compound meets the main criteria of the employed rules indicating a drug-like character. The molecular docking studies have been performed for the compound toward the breast and prostate cancers

Zn-Al and Mg-Al layered double hydroxides as nanostructured carriers for vitamins

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a group of natural and synthetic materials. They are structured as positively-charged layers mostly of divalent-trivalent metal combination between which anions are embedded. The container-like structure and the feasibility to vary the metallic and the interlayer components attracted attention to their use as potential carriers for biologically-active compounds for purposes such as preservation and storage, modulation of release, improving the solubility, targeted delivery, etc. This study aims at investigating the possibility to load different vitamins having different chemical characters into Zn-Al and Mg-Al LDHs of nitrate precursors, characterizing the produced vitamin-LDH hybrids and studying their release behavior. The preparation methods used entailed the co-precipitation and ion-exchange methods for the Zn-Al LDH and the co-precipitation, ion-exchange and reconstruction methods for the Mg-Al LDH system. Characterization of the pristine LDHs and the vitamin-LDH hybrid systems was carried out using XRD, FTIR, SEM and the interlayer arrangements of the vitamins were proposed. The loaded amount and release behavior were studied using UV spectroscopy. The characterization results indicated successful intercalation of vitamin B2 (medium to large neutral molecule) into Zn-Al and Mg-Al LDH systems by the co-precipitation method only, with loading amounts ≈ 55.1 and 53.2 (%w/w) respectively. The release from the Zn-Al system was more sustained where complete release was not reached within 20 minutes. The intercalation of vitamin B6 (small anionic molecule) was successful for all trials: co-precipitation and ion-exchange for Zn-Al LDH, with loading amounts ≈ 16.3 and 38.9 (%w/w), and co-precipitation, ion-exchange and reconstruction for Mg-Al LDH, with loading amounts ≈ 12.9, 17.2, 13.8 (%w/w). The release of the two B6-Zn-Al hybrid systems was more sustained (not complete within the 20-minute study period) with biphasic release observed for the anion-exchanged sample due to the intercalation of the vitamin adopting two different interlayer arrangements. On the other hand, complete release was noticed for the B6-Mg-Al hybrid systems within 15 minutes at most. Folic acid was successfully intercalated into Zn-Al LDH using the co-precipitation and ion-exchange methods with loading amounts of 36.5 and 36 (%w/w) respectively, while it failed for the Mg-Al LDH system by all routes. The release of the co-precipitated Zn-Al hybrid system was biphasic and significantly sustained with the release of only 50% of the intercalated vitamin within 20 minutes. This is attributed to the orientation of folic acid within the LDH layers promoting strong attractive forces with the LDH environment and hence hindering the immediate release. On the other hand, the ion-exchanged Zn-Al hybrid showed complete release within 10 minutes. Vitamin C was loaded into Zn-Al and Mg-Al LDHs by the co-precipitation and ion-exchange methods with loading amounts of 38 and 13 (% w/w) for the co-precipitated and ion-exchanged Zn-Al LDH hybrids respectively, 6 and 21.5 (% w/w) for the co-precipitated and ion-exchanged Mg-Al LDH hybrids respectively, while the intercalation failed by the reconstruction method. The release of the Zn-Al hybrid systems was more sustained and followed a biphasic behavior, while that of the Mg-Al hybrid systems was faster and reached completion in shorter time periods. In general, the intercalated vitamin amount was higher for the Zn-Al LDH systems as the Zn is more electronegative than Mg leading to more attraction between the LDH layers and the guest molecules. In addition, the release behavior depended on the vitamin-LDH interactions, as the attractive forces increased, the release was more sustained. Intercalation of vitamin B1 and B5 was unsuccessful for all trials: co-precipitation and ion-exchange to the Zn-Al LDH and co-precipitation, ion-exchange and reconstruction to the Mg-Al LDH system. In conclusion, nanostructured biocompatible LDH carriers for vitamins B2 , B6, folic acid and vitamin C were successfully synthesized using different methods. They showed significant vitamin loading and feasible release suggesting their potential use as vitamin storage carriers and delivery systems

Conditioned pain modulation as a predictor of central sensitization in primary knee osteoarthritis patients

Aim of the work: Central sensitization (CS) is a nervous system disorder associated with chronic pain. This study aimed to quantify pain and evaluate conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and CS in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients with chronic pain. Patients and methods: The study included 50 patients with primary KOA having chronic pain and 50 matched controls. The following assessment tools were used: visual analog scale (VAS)-pain, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC), pain DETECT questionnaire (PD-Q), and central sensitization inventory (CSI). Also, pressure pain threshold (PPT), electrical sensory threshold (EST), and electrical pain threshold (EPT) were assessed at both knees and remote sites. CPM was assessed using the submaximal effort tourniquet method, and the CPM ratio was measured (pre-to-post PPT). Results: The patients' mean age was 49.6 ± 9.7 years, 32 females and 18 males (F:M 1.2:1), and disease duration of 7.4 ± 3.6 years. Patients had a significantly higher CPM ratio (1.1 ± 0.21), PD-Q score (20.1 ± 9.1), CSI score (48.8 ± 21.4) compared to the control (0.9 ± 0.07; 8.3 ± 3.9 and 25.5 ± 9.4 respectively; p < 0.0001) and had a lower EPT and PPT in both knees and remote sites (p < 0.0001). CPM was significantly correlated with VAS-pain, WOMAC, CSI, PD-Q and inversely with EPT and PPT at both knees and remote sites and with EST at the right knee (p < 0.0001 each). CPM, PD-Q, and left knee EPT were significant predictors of CS tested with CSI (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusion: There is evidence of CS in KOA patients having chronic pain, and CPM and PD-Q can predict CS

Green Synthesis of Α-Fe2O3 from Ginger Extract Enhanced the Potential Antioxidant Activity Against DPPH

Synthesis of nano-oxides in an easy and environmentally friendly way using simple and green materials is one of the hot interests of sustainable chemistry for lots of pharmaceutical and medical applications. Herein, we synthesized α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (α-Fe2O3 NPs) using ginger extract after that calcination at 400 C° for 4 h. The prepared α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were examined using ultraviolet-visible reflection spectroscopy (UV-VIS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and zeta potential. After well characterizations, the potency of the prepared α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles to monitor some scavenging activity was explored against DPPH. Results revealed that PL intensity has one peak in the UV region between (480-490) nm of the spectrum depending on the geometric shape and size of the α-Fe2O3 NPS. The UV-visible spectra showed a peak at 296.0 nm, which represented the α-Fe2O3 NPs. The EDX micrograph confirmed pure oxide and the XRD pattern showed that the α-Fe2O3 NPs had an average crystal size (19.3) nm. SEM images of α-Fe2O3 NPs revealed spherical, rod, and irregular shapes and sizes ranging from (15 to 60) nm. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of α-Fe2O3 NPs against DPPH showed 51.8% free radical scavenging ability at 360 μg/mL, which approved good evidence of the antioxidant activity of α-Fe2O3 NPs

Antenna in 6G wireless communication system: specifications, challenges, and research directions

The Terahertz (THz) frequency band (0.1-10 THz) will be used in the 6G wireless communication system to support the user demand of higher data rates and ultra-high-speed communication for many future applications. In this paper, 6G antenna specifications for these applications are highlighted. An exhaustive review of recent related-works of THz band antenna, fabrication and measurement are presented. Challenges of the THz band antenna design, fabrication and measurement are addressed. Research directions of THz band antenna for 6G technology are included, for THz band in antenna design, manufacturing and testing

Knowledge, attitudes, practices, and compliance of rheumatic disease patients toward COVID-19 during the late pandemic

Abstract Background Rheumatic disease (RD) patients are liable for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is noticeable that RD patients’ practices have changed during the late COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and compliance of RD patients during the late pandemic. Results This study included 188 patients with various RDs. The majority were female (61.7%) and were rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients (40.4% and 30.9%, respectively). We found knowledge deficiencies regarding some symptoms, contact isolation, and transmission. Negative attitudes toward COVID-19 final control were detected in a large proportion (50%). Furthermore, the majority did not think they were at risk of COVID-19 due to either RD (61.7%) or their drugs (66%). Their practices were also negative; the majority stopped wearing masks (56.4%) and went to crowded places recently (83%). Moreover, most did not stop or reduce their drugs for fear of COVID-19 but for availability issues (5.3% and 9.6% vs. 37.2%). Male gender and higher education and socioeconomic levels were significantly associated with better knowledge. In addition, RDs such as reactive arthritis, steroid use, lower steroid doses, COVID-19 vaccination, high education and socioeconomic levels, and Internet use as main knowledge sources had a significant association with better attitudes. Conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) use, biologics non-use, high education, severe functional impact, and compliance before the pandemic were significantly associated with higher practice scores. Knowledge was positively correlated with attitudes and practice (P = 0.0001 and 0.003, respectively). Moreover, attitudes were negatively correlated with age (P = 0.016). In multiple linear regression analysis, education, socioeconomic status, and practice were significant positive predictors of knowledge (P = 0.002, 0.001, and 0.046, respectively). Good knowledge, COVID-19 vaccination, younger age, and lower steroid doses were significant predictors of better attitudes (P = 0.02, 0.001, 0.02, and 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, non-use of biologics and functional disability were significant predictors of good practice (P = 0.002 and 0.015, respectively). Conclusion Improving knowledge and educating RD patients about the importance of protective measures is essentially needed to decrease the pandemic fatigue consequences and prevent serious COVID-19 complications in those patients