Radiographic Study of Developmental Alteration in Tooth Number Among Children in IIUM Dental Clinic

Background: The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence, distribution and association of developmental alteration in tooth number with gender, location, and presence of delayed eruption of tooth among children who attended to Student's polyclinic of IIUM Kuantan, Malaysia. Methods: A cross sectional study on total 727 Orthopanthomograms (OPGs) of 3-17 years old children from April 2009 to July 2012. OPGs with presence of alteration number were scrutinized to find out the prevalence, distribution and association. The data was analyzed comparing gender, location and presence of delayed eruption and tested using Chi-square test. Results: Out of 727 OPGs, 71 OPGs showed developmental alteration in tooth number. The prevalence was 98/1000 OPGs within 3 years. Among those 71 OPGs, the gender differences were: males (49.3%) and females (50.7%). Locations were found in maxilla (45.1%), mandible (40.8%) and both (14.0%). The finding of delayed eruption was (7.0%). There were significant differences between alteration in tooth number with location as (p<0.05) while there were no significant differences with gender and delayed eruption as (p>0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that hyperdontia was considerably lower than hypodontia. There was association between alteration in tooth number with location, but no association with gender and delayed eruption

Information security culture in healthcare informatics: a preliminary investigation

Information security culture becomes an enabler towards an effective security practice. Human factors are recognised as one of the factors in addressing the issue of information security in healthcare informatics. Inculcating information security culture among healthcare practitioners is identified to be one of the solutions for a better security practice. Thus, identifying the issues and factors that influence information security culture are important. A preliminary investigation involving six healthcare professionals and academics have been carried out for better understanding on the critical factors that may influence the information security culture. In-depth interview method is chosen in this study. Thematic coding was conducted to characterise the themes and asses the factor that found to be influential. Results from the indepth interviews with healthcare expertise showed that four main themes may influence the degree to which information security may be cultivated. Security behaviour, security value, security awareness, and enforcement of security policy are the themes addressed by the key informants as the influential factors inculcating information security culture. This study also found that various level of healthcare professional exhibited different outcomes in information security culture. Findings from this study may provide guidance to the healthcare organisation to ensure their employee inculcate information security culture in holistic manner

Analisis Pemasaran Hasil Tangkapan Lobster (Panulirus SP) Di Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (Tpi) Se-kabupaten Gunungkidul

Lobster merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan penting di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Nilai ekonomis lobster cukup tinggi yaitu mencapai Rp.200.000,- sampai Rp.400.000,- perKg. Lobster juga merupakan komoditas ekspor. Produksi lobster di Kabupaten Gunungkidul pada tahun 2012 mencapai 88,27 ton. Produksi perikanan yang besar harus diimbangi dengan adanya pemasaran yang efisien mengingat dari hasil perikanan yang mudah rusak. Pemasaran merupakan hal yang paling penting dalam menjalankan sebuah USAha perikanan karena pemasaran merupakan tindakan ekonomi yang berpengaruh terhadap tinggi rendahnya pendapatan nelayan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bentuk saluran distribusi, margin pemasaran, keuntungan dan menganalisis efisiensi pemasaran pada tiap-tiap lembaga pemasaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Secara khusus metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dan metode pengambilan sampel accidental sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bentuk saluran distribusi di setiap TPI ada 2 saluran yaitu Produsen à Pedagang Pengumpul à Konsumen dan Produsen à PedagangPengumpul à Eksportir. Margin pemasaran untuk saluran kedua di semua TPI dari pedagang pengumpul sama yaitu sebesar Rp. 50.000,-/kg. Margin pemasaran untuk saluran pertama di TPI Gunungkidul Lobster batu antara Rp.15.000,-/kg sampai Rp.25.000,-/kg, Lobster pasir antara Rp. 20.000,-/kg sampai Rp. 30.000,-/kg. Nilai efisiensi pemasaran yang paling efisien adalah saluran kedua, dimana nilai efisiensi saluran kedua lebih kecil dibandingkan nilai efisiensi saluran pertama. Lobster is one of fisheries commodities in Gunungkidul. Lobster is valued around Rp. 200.000,- to Rp. 400.000,- / kilogram and it makes lobster has high economic value. Lobstor is also one of export commodities. The lobster production in Gunungkidul Regency in 2012 reached 88,72 tons. The high production of fish must be balanced with the efficient marketing of fishery products that are easily damaged. Marketing is the most important point in running a fishing business because marketing is an economic action that influences the fishermen\u27s income. The research was intended to analyze the distribution network, marketing margin, profit and the marketing efficiency in every market. Descriptive method was used in this research, specifically descriptive method using study case approach and accidental sampling method. The result has shown that there are two distribution channels in every TPI 2 channels namely 1) Producer à fish wholesaler à Consumers and 2) Producer à fish wholesaler à Exporter. The marketing margins for the second line in all TPI from the same wholesaler is Rp. 50.000, - / kg. The marketing margin for the first line rock lobster between Rp.15,000,-/kg to Rp.25,000,-/kg. Sand lobster between Rp.20,000,-/kg to Rp.30,000,-/kg. The most efficient market value is the second line where the efficiency value is less than the first line\u27s efficiency value

Potential of natural fibres and their composites for South Asian countries: Moving towards sustainability

Increased environmental concerns and depletion of petroleum-based resources arising from the use of non-renewable resources have increased the demand of natural fibre reinforced composites (NFRCs). Composite materials reinforced with glass and carbon fibres have limited end-of-life (EoL) options, which is a major concern. To minimise this situation, lignocellulose plant fibres have been studied extensively in recent years, due to the increasing demand for sustainable lightweight and environmentally friendly materials. Natural plant fibres are considered as a viable substitute to E-glass fibres owing to their many attractive benefits, such as biodegradable, recyclability, high specific strength and stiffness suitable as reinforcements for many semi-structural and structural composite applications. This new class of lightweight sustainable composites can offer environmental, social and economic benefits as substitute materials for various applications. Through an up-to-date review, this work presents an overview of natural plant fibres as reinforcements of composites for various applications, especially in the context of the South Asian countries.Final Published versio

River flow and stage estimation with missing observation data using Multi Imputation Particle Filter (MIPF) method

An advanced knowledge of the river condition helps for better source management. This information can be gathered via estimation using DA methods. The DA methods blend the system model with the observation data to obtain the estimated river flow and stage. However, the observation data may contain some missing data due to the hardware power limitations, unreliable channel, sensor failure and etc. This problem limits the ability of the standard method such as EKF, EnKF and PF. The Multi Imputation Particle Filter (MIPF) able to deal with this problem since it allows for new input data to replace the missing data. The result shows that the performance of the river flow and stage estimation is depending on the number of particles and imputation used. The performance is evaluated by comparing the estimated velocity obtained using the estimated flow and stage, with the measured velocity. The result shows that higher number of particles and imputation ensure better estimation result

Sebab Keruntuhan suatu Bangsa (Kajian Surat Al-fajr Ayat 6-13)

The writing aims to study about the last causes of a nation\u27s collapse which is contained in surah Al-Fajr was used thematic interpretation approach. As for the discussion was focused in verses 6-13. There were three languages that collapsed and destroyed in surah Al-Fajr, they were ‘Ad, Tsamud and Fir\u27aun. These three nations were actually potraits of advanced nations and achieving high civilization, but their bad traits have delivered them to the detruction. These two bad traits were: the first was arrogance in the form of theological disobedience which include all of the denial of faith, blasphemy of religion and its symbols and treatise lie. The second, vandalism in the form of sosiological disobedience that include all of the destructive behavior such as intellectual brilliance, rebellion, persecution and criminalization of da\u27wah and tryrannical power

Use of English at the Workplace : How Far is This True in Malaysia?

According to Ong etal. (2011), the importance of English in theMalaysian work environment is the main concern of manyemployers. Some employers reported that having employees withbetter English would improve productivity. How far is Englishbeing used at the workplace in Malaysia? This quantitative studytargets at possible direction of a language programme such asEnglish for Specific Purpose especially for Occupational andVocational purposes. It looks into how much English is used atselected industries in Malaysia. Specifically, it reports on howcommunication in English is used at different departments inselected industries as well as how the use differs across agegroups, genders and industries. Results of this study will haveinteresting implication for future English for business purposescourses.(125 words

The influence of carbonization temperature on the development of carbon membrane with superior CO2/CH4 separation performance Pengaruh suhu karbonisasi kepada pembangunan membran karbon dengan kesan pemisahan gas CO2/CH4 yang cemerlang

In this study, P84-based carbon tubular membranes were fabricated and characterized in terms of their structural morphology and gas permeation properties, by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and pure gas permeation system, respectively. The polymer tubular membranes were then carbonized under nitrogen atmosphere at different carbonization temperatures of 600, 700, 800 and 900 °C, with heating rate of 3°C/min and thermal soak time of 30 minutes. The manipulation of carbonization temperatures was required to see if it could enhance the permeation properties as desired. Pure gas permeation tests were performed using CO2 and CH4 gases. The CO2/CH4 selectivity was found increasing as the carbonization temperature was increased from 600 to 800 °C. The carbon membrane carbonized at 800°C showed the most promising result for CO2/CH4 selectivity, rendering 69.48 and CO2 permeance of 206.1 GPU