Upava Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Bilangan Beserta Lambang Bilangan pada Anak melalui Media Papan Flanel Modifikasi

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan kognitif anak dalam memahami konsep bilangan beserta lambang bilangan. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut adalah dengan penggunaan papan flanel modifikasi. Penggunaan papan flanel ini dimaksudkan untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran di kelas terutama dalam meningkatkan aspek perkembangan kognitif anak dalam hal bilangan dan lambang bilangan, sehingga penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan desain penelitian yang digunakan yakni model penelitian John Elliot. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar anak dalam pembelajaran konsep bilangan beserta lambang bilangan, dan untuk mengetahui peningkatan pemahaman anak dalam konsep bilangan beserta lambang bilangan melalui beberapa tindakan selama tiga siklus. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini merupakan anak-anak kelompok A dengan jumlah anak 12 orang. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui hasil observasi, catatan lapangan, penilaian performa, wawancara, dan dokumentasi foto. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan triangulasi. Secara kuantitatif data yang diperoleh akan dihitung dan dipersentasekan, secara kualitatif data yang diolah akan menjadi bentuk deskripsi, sedangkan triangulasi dilakukan dengan cara meramu hasil penelitian. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa aktivitas belajar anak mengalami peningkatan, rata-rata yang diperoleh pada siklus 1 mencapai 40,9%, siklus 2 mencapai 66,3%, dan siklus 3 mencapai 93,9%. Kemudian, kemampuan pemahaman anak dalam konsep bilangan beserta lambang bilangan mengalami peningkatan, hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari persentase rata-rata siklus 1 mencapai 42,4%, siklus 2 mencapai 67,6%, dan siklus 3 mencapai 93,6%, sehingga peneliti menarik kesimpulan bahwa media papan flanel modifikasi dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep bilangan beserta lambang bilangan pada anak

Meningkatkanketerampilanberbicara Anak Us/a D/nimelaluimetode Bercer/ta Menggunakan Media Pop-up Book

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya keterampilan anak dalam berbicara, hal ini terlihat dari kurangnya anak dalam mengungkapkan sesuatu, menjawab pertanyaan, mengulang kalimat sederhana maupun meneceritakan kembali cerita yang telah didengar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di TK Tunas Ceria Kecamatan Cileunyi, Kabupaten Bandung, dan dilaksanakan khususnya pada kelas A2 dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak 8 orang. Permasalahan ini akan diselesaikan dengan menggunakan metode bercerita dengan buku pop-up, tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mengetahui proses meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara anak usia dini melalui metode bercerita menggunakan media pop-up book pada anak kelompok A TK Tunas Ceria. (2) Untuk mengetahui peningkatan keterampilan berbicara anak usia dini melalui metode bercerita menggunakan media pop-up book. Dalam pelaksanaannya, peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas dengan desain penelitian model Elliot. Selama penelitian berlangsung peneliti mengumpulkan data menggunakan instrumen penilaian performa, observasi dan dokumentasi. Di dalam instrumen penilaian performa peneliti menggunakan indikator ketercapaian untuk melihat ketercapaian perkembangan keterampilan berbicara anak. Hasil aktivitas kegiatan yang dinilai berdasarkan pedoman observasi menunjukan bahwa 87,5% anak yang mampu mencapai aktivitas 1 yakni menyimak dan merespon saat guru bercerita, 79,1% anak yang mampu mencapai aktivitas 2 yakni mengikuti kegiatan bercerita dengan antusias, 75% untuk anak yang mencapai aktivitas 3 yakni anak terlihat berani saat sedang bercerita. Hasil keterampilan berbicara anak pada indikator I presentase sebesar 87,5% anak yang mampu menjawab pertanyaan seputar cerita yang telah disampaikan. Indikator II mencapai presentase sebesar 79,1 artinya anak mampu mencertakan kembali dengan alur yang tepat dan artikulasi yang jelas. Indikator III mencapai 83,3% yakni anak mampu menceritakan kembali dengan menyebutkan keterangan (waktu dan tempat) serta menyebutkan tokoh yang tepat. Kesimpulannya bahwa keterampilan berbicara anak usia dini melalui metode bercerita menggunakan media pop-up book mengalami peningkatan

Elemental hydrochemistry assessment on its variation and quality status in Langat River, Western Peninsular Malaysia.

This paper discusses the hydrochemistry variation and its quality status in Langat River, based on the chemistry of major ions, metal concentrations and suitability for drinking purposes. Water samples were collected from 30 different stations to assess their hydrochemical characteristics. The physico-chemical parameters selected were temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, dissolved oxygen , pH, redox potential, HCO3, Cl, SO4, NO3, Ca, Na, K, Mg, 27Al, 138Ba, 9Be, 111Cd, 59Co, 63Cu, 52Cr, 57Fe, 55Mn, 60Ni, 208Pb, 80Se and 66Zn to investigate the variation of the constituents in the river water. Most of the parameters comply with the Drinking Water Quality Standard of the World Health Organization and the Malaysian National Standard for Drinking Water Quality by the Malaysia Ministry of Health except for EC, TDS, Cl, HCO3, SO4, Na, Mg, Al, Fe and Se. The results show that the Langat River is unsuitable for drinking purposes directly without treatment

Mapping of mosquito breeding sites in malaria endemic areas in Pos Lenjang, Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Malaysia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The application of the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to the study of vector transmitted diseases considerably improves the management of the information obtained from the field survey and facilitates the study of the distribution patterns of the vector species.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>As part of a study to assess remote sensing data as a tool for vector mapping, geographical features like rivers, small streams, forest, roads and residential area were digitized from the satellite images and overlaid with entomological data. Map of larval breeding habitats distribution and map of malaria transmission risk area were developed using a combination of field data, satellite image analysis and GIS technique. All digital data in the GIS were displayed in the WGS 1984 coordinate system. Six occasions of larval surveillance were also conducted to determine the species of mosquitoes, their characteristics and the abundance of habitats.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Larval survey studies showed that anopheline and culicine larvae were collected and mapped from 79 and 67 breeding sites respectively. Breeding habitats were located at 100-400 m from human settlement. Map of villages with 400 m buffer zone visualizes that more than 80% of <it>Anopheles maculatus s.s</it>. immature habitats were found within the buffer zone.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study amplifies the need for a broadening of the GIS approach which is emphasized with the aim of rejuvenating the dynamic aspect of entomological studies in Malaysia. In fact, the use of such basic GIS platforms promote a more rational basis for strategic planning and management in the control of endemic diseases at the national level.</p

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

W/M serrated osteotomy for infantile Blount's disease in Ghana: Short-term results

Purpose: The W/M serrated high tibial osteotomy is a not frequently described surgical technique for simultaneously correcting the varus and torsional deformity in patients with Blount's disease. Without the need for internal fixation, this surgical treatment is well suited for developing countries. This study describes the short-term results of the bilateral and unilateral W/M serrated osteotomy in patients with infantile Blount's disease. Methods: Between May 2008 and January 2013, 52 patients were treated with uni- (n = 22) or bi-lateral (n = 30) W/M serrated osteotomy of the proximal tibia due to a tibial varus deformity in two district hospitals in Ghana. Other causes than infantile Blount's disease were excluded from the analysis. Pre- and post-operative clinical and radiological measurements were done, and complications were monitored up to 12 weeks after surgery. Results: Seventeen patients (five males, 12 females; mean age 4.9 [standard deviation: 2.10]) were included, which underwent a total of 25 W/M serrated osteotomies. The femorotibial angle was corrected from 34.1 degrees ([mean] range: 6u68 degrees) to 7.1 degrees ([mean] range: 28u5 degrees). Only one patient had developed a wound infection, and all reached full consolidation. Conclusions: The W/M serrated osteotomy seems a profitable alternative technique for treating the varus and torsional deformity in patients with Blount's disease in the circumstances of developing countries. The short-term outcomes are good and promising with a low complication rate and good consolidation. Long-term follow-up results of these patients are needed to observe possible complications. Level of Evidence: IV, therapeutic case series