Interface of networked crime and governance in Dakar : some preliminary impressions

PowerPoint presentationThe presentation reviews criminal markets and networks in Dakar from the policing point of view, and media and public opinion. Considering the evidence, the study proposes two possibilities: failure of public governance at certain times and in certain places; or the existence of criminal governance, even if only in early stages. Addressing the question “Have crime networks started to substitute for the State?” the presentation advocates for further clarification regarding the current situation in terms of urban governance so as to design and facilitate effective public policies on governance

Reproductive biology in Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., a semi-arid forest tree

Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) is an important tree in the semi-arid ecosystem with beneficial attributes. However, very little information is available in its reproductive biology. In order to better control the reproduction system of B. aegyptiaca, three experimental approaches are used: floral morpholgy, fluorochromatic procedure and hand pollination. The floral morphology shows that B. aegyptiaca flowers are hermaphrodite and gathered in several types of inflorescence (clusters, fascicles or glomerules). They blossomed asynchronically and nectar is exuded by the flowers. Top ovary holds five anatropous ovules. The second approach consisting in fluorochromatic procedure reveals a pollen with 3 apertures and a viability rate of 92%. This viability decrease down to 50% after a storage at -5°C for 7 days. Finally, the hand pollination proves that B. aegyptiaca is a partially auto-compatible plant and the main vectors of pollination are Halictidae (Hymenopterae) and Dipterae. Key Words: Balanites aegyptiaca, fluorochromatic test, pollen, pollination, auto-compatible. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol.3(1) 2004: 30-4

In vitro multiplication of the semi-arid forest tree, Balanites aegyptiaca (l.) Del.

Procedures were developed for micropropagation of Balanites aegyptiaca using axillary bud explants obtained from mature trees. Cultures were established in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.1 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The effects of kinetin on shoot growth and proliferation in vitro was also investigated. Results show that shoot multiplication required 2.5 mg/l of BAP. Shoot length was significantly affected by the presence of BAP or 6-furfurylaminopurine (Kin). Rooting of shoots in vitro was achieved on MS medium containing 20 mg/l of the auxin, indolebutyric acid (IBA). Rooted shoots acclimated and were successfully transferred into soil, with 48% of the plantlets surviving. Key words: Balanites aegyptiaca, micropropagation, rooting. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol.2(11) 2003: 421-42

Variabilités et Tendances des Paramètres Hydroclimatiques dans le Bassin Versant de la Rivière Banco au Sud de la Côte d’Ivoire

This study conducted in the basin of Banco river in Abidjan (5°20’ and 5°26’ at latitude north and between 4°1’ and 4°5’ at longitude west) in the south of Cote d’Ivoire aims at underlining the existence of climate variability on the basis of fluctuations and trends in hydro climatic data ( rainfalls, temperatures and discharges). To reach this goal, diverse data (pluviometric, thermometric and hydrometrical) and methods (Nicholson rating/index, Mann Kendall test; Cusum test; t-student test and Sen incline/slope estimator) are used. In light of the results, a climatic variability characterized by the alternation of humid, normal and dry years have been revealed in the area under study. The statistical indexes/ratings and methods show the continuity of the rainfall recession established since 1970 before a resumption of the pluviometry from the year 2000 onwards. Concerning the temperatures, we notice a slight fall of the annual average temperature triggered by the regression of minimal temperatures. The average temperature in the hole basin has decreased of 1.4°C in the last 34 years. The manifestations of this climate variability hardly impact on the flow of the river. An important increase in the superficial outflow appears in the basin with a rate of change of 71.25%, indicating therefore sufficient water availability.La présente étude menée sur le bassin versant de la rivière Banco à Abidjan (5°20’ et 5°26’ de latitude Nord et entre 4°1’et 4°5’ de longitude Ouest) dans le sud de la Côte d’Ivoire vise à mettre en exergue l'existence d'une variabilité climatique, à partir des fluctuations et des tendances dans les données hydroclimatiques (pluies, températures et débits). Pour atteindre cet objectif, diverses données (pluviométriques, thermométriques et hydrométriques) et méthodes (indice de Nicholson, tests de Cusum, de tstudent, de Mann-Kendall et de l’estimateur de la pente de Sen) ont été utilisées. A la lumière des résultats acquis, une variabilité climatique caractérisée par une alternance d’années humides, normales et sèches a été mise en évidence dans la zone d’étude. Les indices et méthodes statistiques montrent la continuité de la récession pluviométrique établie depuis 1970 avant une reprise pluviométrique à partir de l’année 2000. En ce qui concerne les températures, on assiste à une légère baisse de la température moyenne annuelle provoquée par la régression des températures minimales. La température moyenne dans le bassin versant a baissé de 1,4°C au cours des 34 dernières années. Les manifestations de cette variabilité climatique affectent peu le débit de la rivière. Une augmentation importante de l’écoulement superficielle apparaît dans le bassin avec un taux de changement de 71,25%, indiquant ainsi une bonne disponibilité en eau

Caractéristiques et stock de carbone de la végétation ligneuse des systèmes d’utilisation des terres de la commune de Coumbacara (Kolda, Sénégal)

Forest degradation causes carbon loss and indirectly contributes to climate change. Thus, the objective of this study is to assess the contribution of land use systems in the commune of Coumbacara to climate change mitigation through an estimate of woody diversity and their carbon stock. Thus, an inventory of woody vegetation was carried out on 72 plots of 30 m x 30 m in the forests adjacent to the fields and 50 m x 50 m in the hut and bush fields. The measurements related to the total height (m), the diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 10 cm and the crown diameter (m) of individuals of woody species. In addition to the diversity of this vegetation, the dendrometric data collected made it possible to develop the structure of woody vegetation, to estimate aboveground and belowground biomass as well as carbon stocks using allometric equations. In the forests adjacent to the fields, Combretaceae (61.9%) and Mimosaceae (52.4%) dominate. The woody population of this land use system has a decreasing exponential type structure with a specific richness of 7.85 ± 3.48 species and a density of 4.92 ± 0.39 feet/ha. The carbon stored there rises respectively by 1.57± 0.19 tC/ha for the aboveground biomass and 1.58±0.57 tC/ha for the belowground biomass. At the level of bush fields and hut fields, Anacardiaceae and Malvaceae are the most frequent. These agroforestry systems have a decreasing exponential type structure for the bush fields and an irregular structure for the hut fields. The bush fields have a species richness of 3.31±1.82 against 1.63±1.09 species for the hut fields. The density there is 3.01±0.57 feet/ha (bush fields) and 1.89±0.65 feet/ha (home fields). In addition, the amounts of carbon stored in the aboveground biomass of these systems are respectively 1.05 ±0.3 tC/ha and 0.99 ±0.51 tC/ha for the bush and hut fields against 0. 51±0.37 tC/ha and 0.54±0.49 tC/ha for underground woody biomass

Profile of crime markets in Dakar

Several criminal markets – ranging from drug traffi cking to human traffi cking, piracy and counterfeiting, traffi cking of pharmaceuticals, cybercrime and money laundering – can be found in Dakar, Senegal. This paper profi les those criminal markets currently active in the city and its suburbs, analysing their structures, operations and transnational dimensions. The expansion of these criminal markets is a matter of considerable concern for West Africa’s economic and social development. In every case, ‘regardless of the criminal market … the common denominator is always exploitation for profi t. This exploitation ultimately affects the entire country: its people and institutions; its economic prosperity; and its social fabric’

Full Length Research Paper - In vitro multiplication of the semi-arid forest tree, Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.

Procedures were developed for micropropagation of Balanites aegyptiaca using axillary bud explants obtained from mature trees. Cultures were established in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.1 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The effects of kinetin on shoot growth and proliferation in vitro was also investigated. Results show that shoot multiplication required 2.5 mg/l of BAP. Shoot length was significantly affected by the presence of BAP or 6-furfurylaminopurine (Kin). Rooting of shoots in vitro was achieved on MS medium containing 20 mg/l of the auxin, indolebutyric acid (IBA). Rooted shoots acclimated and were successfully transferred into soil, with 48% of the plantlets surviving

Full Length Research Paper - Reproductive biology in Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., a semi-arid forest tree

Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) is an important tree in the semi-arid ecosystem with beneficial attributes. However, very little information is available in its reproductive biology. In order to better control the reproduction system of B. aegyptiaca, three experimental approaches are used: floral morpholgy, fluorochromatic procedure and hand pollination. The floral morphology shows that B. aegyptiaca flowers are hermaphrodite and gathered in several types of inflorescence (clusters, fascicles or glomerules). They blossomed asynchronically and nectar is exuded by the flowers. Top ovary holds five anatropous ovules. The second approach consisting in fluorochromatic procedure reveals a pollen with 3 apertures and a viability rate of 92%. This viability decrease down to 50% after a storage at -5°C for 7 days. Finally, the hand pollination proves that B. aegyptiaca is a partially auto-compatible plant and the main vectors of pollination are Halictidae (Hymenopterae) and Dipterae

L'apport de la loi du 31 décembre 1990 à l'organisation des professions médicales et paramédicales

Contin Raphaël, Diallo Ismaïla, Gilbert Valérie, Mortier Renaud. L'apport de la loi du 31 décembre 1990 à l'organisation des professions médicales et paramédicales. In: Revue juridique de l'Ouest, N° Spécial 1996. La santé. pp. 5-50