Crustal Structures of Diebold Knoll and Adjacent Juan De Fuca Oceanic Crust from Integration of Seismic, Gravity and Magnetic Data

Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) has a long history of devastating earthquakes as the Juan de Fuca plate subducts beneath North America, where an imminent megathrust earthquake is expected. Compared to other subduction zones, CSZ exhibits unusually low seismic activity, particularly in the central region with respect to relatively high seismicity zones to the north and south. Some researchers attribute this behavior to subducted seamounts, although their impact on seismicity remains poorly understood and highly debated in the literature. Examining subducted seamounts is challenging due to complexity of the overburden strata. That is why this study focuses on an isolated not-yet-subducted intraplate seamount known as the Diebold Knoll, located approximately 60 km west of the deformation front. Seismic reflection, gravity, and magnetic data were acquired over that seamount during the cruise RR1718. The first objective of this research was to determine heterogeneities in physical properties of oceanic crust resulted from addition of the seamount by integrated geophysical analysis along two intersecting profiles. The second objective was to reveal the tectonic history of the Diebold Knoll by combining magnetic polarity reversals with cross-cutting relationship analysis of seismic structures and constrained by the nearby ocean drilling sites. These models revealed that Diebold Knoll does not require complete isostatic compensation. Instead, a flat Moho or a less than 1 km thick root is sufficient to satisfy gravity data; both of these Moho geometries are observed in the study area. To achieve a better fit with observed gravity and magnetic anomalies, lower density and magnetic susceptibility values within the top portion of the seamount are required, which are attributed to faulting and hydration. This finding is also in agreement with a recent study that analyzed seismic velocity variations within seamounts. Furthermore, the negative magnetic anomaly of the seamount and the cross-cutting relationships between sedimentary layers and the seamount body indicated that Diebold Knoll is a very young feature formed approximately 0.8-1.8 Ma. Advisor: Irina Filin

Investigating Monga

Food insecurity and poverty are interlinked and the main reason for migration in poor households from the northern part of Bangladesh. Individuals from poor households migrate in the hope of improving self-well-being and for their families. Monga-seasonal food insecurity is a multi-dimensional issue in the northern region of Bangladesh. The purpose of this study is to understand the adaptation strategies by the northern region people of Bangladesh against Monga-seasonal food insecurity. A qualitative approach has been used in this study and to assess the functionality of strategies for adaptation by the char dwellers in Rangpur against Monga-seasonal food insecurity has followed Talcott Parsons and his so-called AGIL system

Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments in South Asia: A Study of Constitutional Limits on Parliaments’ Amending Power

Against the backdrop of the landscape of Parliamentary Supremacy of south asian countries, members of parliament often cross their limit by thinking parliament as a sovereign body to make unnecessary constitutional amendments which are ultimately questioned by the courts. As a member of the legislative department, I unmasked the reasons behind this unauthorized exercise of power to stop the mockery of parliamentary democracy.Supreme Courts in south Asia are often asked to judge constitutionality of constitutional amendments which provides them with  the opportunity to engage with the noble issue of ‘constitutional limits on parliamentary amending power’. Constitutional courts and commentators have always recognized some short of constitutional limits on parliament’s power to amend the constitution, though the nature and scope of such limits have been a matter of controversy. Courts in South Asia are divided in their opinion. While Court in Bangladesh and India invoked implied substantive constitution limits in parliamentary amending power and declared constitutional amendment unconstitutional in number of occasions, Courts in Srilanka and Pakistan have refused to do so. This study aims to examine the extent and nature of constitutional limits on parliamentary amending power with reference to the constitutional amendments, if any, so far declared by the constitutional courts in South Asia. However, for space constraint and other limits, we will confine ourselves to considering only the constitutional amendments, if any, so far declared unconstitutional in India Pakistan and Bangladesh.  For the purpose this study, we will rely heavily on the jurisprudence developed by the Supreme Courts of Pakistan, India and Bangladesh in amendment cases, and on some fascinating academic literatures written by various constitutional commentators which directly address the position of the courts in these cases.Instead of discussing all the constitutional amendment cases in fragment, this paper will concentrate on studying various constitutional limits invoked by the courts on parliamentary amending power and opinions of the courts in those amendment cases will be referred in cases they are necessary in theoretical discussion of various constitutional limits. However, we will not go to see the procedural limits on amending power prescribed by the constitution itself, in that such limits being expressed in the provisions of the constitution are less controversial and does not merit much theoretical discussion. An attempt will be made to conceptualize the very concept of ‘unconstitutional constitutional amendment’. In this section we will look how the concept emerged in the jurisdictions beyond South Asia. Then will turn to see how South Asian courts in constitutional amendment cases have understood the concept. Conceptualizing unconstitutional constitutional amendment, we will turn to see the constitutional limits which are generally imposed on parliamentary amending power. In this regard, our focus will be to see various substantive constitutional limits invoked by the courts in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. However details of such limits will be discussed in other appropriate sections dedicated for that purpose.Will have a short discussion on the definition of the term ‘amendment’ and examine if there is any limitation inherent in the term. It will be shown examination of the meaning of the term has greater importance in determining the scope of parliamentary amending power, as the court relied heavily in amendment cases on definition of the term to reach their conclusion.  Examination of the positions of the courts in this regard will show that there are some inherent limits in the term ‘amendment’ which will considerably limit the power of parliament to amend the constitution. In next section, limit on amending the basic features of the constitution will be discussed. The doctrine of basic structure doctrine will be examined as it is invoked by the courts in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. A part will be dedicated to address some core criticisms which basic structure doctrine is often to face. At last part of the section, we will turn to see to what extent basic structure provisions are immuned form amendment.We will examine the level of entrenchment enjoyed by fundamental rights against constitutional amendment. Firstly, position of the courts regarding the question- whether fundamental rights are law for the purpose of fundamental rights review- will be examined. Then attempt will be made to see what extent fundamental rights provisions are immured from amendment as one of the basic features of the constitution.In later section we will consider the limit, invoked by the courts in basic structure cases, on radical change of the constitution so that constitutional identity and purpose are not lost. A brief discussion of the concept of constitutional identity with its components will be given in this section.Legitimacy of the constitutional limits on amending power will be considered in the light of various constitutional theories such as constitutionalism, democracy, sovereignty, parliamentary sovereignty and popular sovereignty. While the limits will be judged in the lights of some fundamental constitutional and political concepts, focus will be placed to see how the constitutional limits on constitutional amendment challenged theses theories and to what extent we are forced to rethink those principle or concepts. .We then will turn to see ‘what the constitution is’ and how scope of amendment invariably depends on how one take the constitution to be.  It will be seen that difference in views of the judges regarding nature of constitution ultimately leads them to vary in their positions as to constitutional limits on parliamentary amending power.  In the last section we will turn into the interpretative attitudes adopted by the court to support their position as regard constitutional limits. It is because, without examining the mode of interpretation which helps to base the limitations and the theories which support and contradict such limitation, nature and extent of the limits cannot be understood properly. Keywords: Parliament, Unconstitutional, Amendment, Supreme Cour

Service marketing overview of RFL export department

This internship report is submitted in a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of Internship reportIncludes bibliographical references (page 34)Md. Ariful Islam Bappy,M. Business Administratio

Global Economic Crisis Due to Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): Challenges and Overcome for Bangladesh Economy

A genre of virus family is Coronavirus (COVID-19). In the contemporary world, there are multi-dimensional effects of disastrous COVID-19 pandemic. It may include social, economic and non-economic, cultural, physical (i.e. mortality & morbidity), mental effects and so on. Nonetheless, using mostly secondary data sources, this article as an immediate and quick response endeavor to analyze the unanticipated and awful economic impact only of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) -a pandemic around the globe in two major broad segments. In the first segment, the global economic adverse effects are meant to be covered thoroughly and in the later segment, the upshot Coronavirus outbreak in Bangladesh economy is explained with the probable shift of its linkage with other development partners. The last but not the least, some policy prescriptions made by both international and national authorities are critically stated on theoretical economic background. Finally, some plausible and relevant recommendations are made to overcome this war-like situation using limited available studies on the economic effects of this deadly virus. As this article is attempted in the time when the whole impacts are undergoing, only partial scenarios of effects can be pictured from this writing.  In conclusion, it is said that integrated and synchronized policy actions both internal and external stakeholders are the key factors to resist this unparalleled crisis. Keywords: Novel Coronavirus, Quarantine, Economic Shock, World Economy, Bangladesh Economy, Economic Recovery. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-10-10 Publication date:May 31st 202

The Concept of Corporate Governance and Its Evolution in Asia

Corporate governance is one of the most imperative research topics all over the world for its contribution to the corporations and the global economy. Besides, Asian economy is currently the major contributor of the world economy. Laws and regulations in the Asian region have been enacted extensively and different standards have been developed during the last decade. This descriptive study attempts to summarize these developments in Asia along with the discussion of core concept of corporate governance for the new researchers in this field and other concern parties. Keywords: Corporate Governance, Evolution, Asi

Processing Seismic, Gravity And Magnetic Data Over Diebold Knoll On Juan De Fuca Plate

The Juan de Fuca plate is subducting beneath the North American plate along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. The CSZ is associated with multiple earthquakes, although compared to other subduction zones, it is less active. Many studies suggest that subduction will cause major mega thrust earthquake in near future, while others oppose this view. This project is focused on the Diebold Knoll on the JdF plate Various geophysical methods will be integrated to determine its origin and tectonic history

Video Recommendation System for YouTube Considering Users Feedback

Youtube is the most video sharing and viewing platform in the world. As there are many people of different tastes, hundreds of categories of videos can be found on YouTube while thousands of videos of each. So, when the site recommends videos for a user it takes some issues which fill the needs of the user. Most of the time a user watches videos related to the previously watched video. But sometimes userFFFD;s mood changes with time or weather. A user may not hear a song in the whole year but can search the song on a rainy day. Another case a user may watch some types of videos at day but another type of videos at night or another at midnight. In this paper, we propose a recommendation system considering some attributes like weather, time, month to understand the dynamic mood of a user. Each attribute is assigned a weight calculated by performing a survey on some YouTube users. Most recently viewed videos is assigned heavy weight and weather is assigned lower. This recommendation system will make YouTube more user-friendly, dynamic and acceptable