Hydrolyzed-Lactose Whey and Nonfat Dry Milk in Ice Cream

Sweet dry whey was used to replace 25% and 50% of nonfat dry milk solids in ice cream mix. Forty-five batches experimental and control lots of vanilla ice cream were manufactured. A commercial lactase was used to hydrolyze lactose to over 90% conversion and the lactase was inactivated after hydrolysis. The extent of lactose hydrolysis in the mix was adjusted to 50% or 75% by blending non-hydrolyzed nonfat dry milk and whey solids with hydrolyzed preparations. Extra sweetness of the conversion products permitted reduction of sucrose by 6.25% and 12.5%, respectively, in the 50% and 75% hydrolyzed lactose ice cream mixes. Total solids of the hydrolyzed ice cream mixes were kept constant by adding nonfat dry milk and whey solids in lieu of the sucrose omitted. Each individual mix was pasteurized at 11°c for 30 minutes, homogenized, aged, frozen in a batch freezer, packaged in 1.8 liter packages, and stored at -10°c after hardening at -29°C. Sensory evaluations of flavor and body and texture were made after 24 hours of hardening, 7 days of storing, and at monthly intervals for 5 consecutive months. There appeared to be no differences in sensory qualities between control, whey containing, and hydrolyzed lactose batches. The non-hydrolyzed whey batches had coarseness/icy criticism after 4 months of storage. Freezing point determination, compositional analyses, and other laboratory tests were carried out for the overall evaluation of the physical and chemical properties of the manufactured ice cream. There were significant differences in freezing points of control and the experimental batches. The protein percent varied from 3.76 to 4.24% in the 25% whey and 3.08 to 3.45% in the 50% whey batches. The highest ash content in 75% hydrolyzed lactose batches with whey supplying 50% of the milk solids-not-fat was 1.24% in comparison to 1.02% in the control with no hydrolysis. Approximate cost analysis showed that the savings from the use of less sucrose and cheaper ingredients compensated for the enzyme cost in the hydrolyzed lactose whey-containing batches. Thus, the results indicated lactose hydrolysis permits usage of relatively high whey solid contents in ice cream, thereby reducing costs whilst obviating problems of lactose intolerance and sandiness defect

Political science: a primer

This book is intended to introduce students to the study of politics, and make them aware of their civil rights and responsibilities as responsible citizens. This primer focuses on issues in the hope that the excitement of politics will interest students to learn more about politics. It also examines the nature and purpose of government, in particular the Malaysia government, the responsibility of a citizen, the nature of law, and the prospects of development through elections, political parties and leadership. One of the chapters discusses some of the well-known thinkers which political science beginners would find familiar. This primer shows the relevance of politics to Islam as a way of life. It also examines 14 issues of importance and concludes with a chapter on the various dimensions of the government and politics in Malaysia

Classroom Environment at Secondary Level: Is it learning-friendly?

This study aims to explore whether the secondary classroom environment is learning friendly or not. Mixed method approach is employed for collecting and analyzing data from respective sources. Teachers, students and classroom sessions have been selected randomly from 24 schools. Interview schedule, questionnaire and observation checklist are used as data collection tools. Findings reveal that majority teachers share experiences, discuss familiar issues and tell stories in relation with class lesson. A good number of teachers use the most traditional aids like chalkboard along with few emphasize on charts, posters and real objects. The students friendly aids are to some extent ignored in secondary classrooms. Surprisingly, students are still physically harassed or verbally abused by their friends and teachers. Teachers assess students\u27 learning during class and feedback to students is provided but not extensively. However, majority teachers disallow students to asked questions and not answer properly. Therefore, this study suggests that learning friendly environment should be ensured that can invite students to achieve expected outcomes

Classroom Assessment Practices in Urban Secondary Science Classes in Bangladesh

Aiming to explore classroom assessment practices in Bangladesh, this study confined on some selected secondary science classroom. A total of seven schools are selected purposively from seven divisional cities. The General Science class of Class Eight is selected purposively and observed in five consecutive days. The class teachers and students are also interviewed as respondent. This study shows that assessing student learning achievement and feedback are considered as the major objectives of classroom assessment, however, modifying teaching is totally ignored. Classroom feedback is \u27right\u27 or \u27wrong\u27 oriented follow by task-oriented and self-oriented in nature. Teachers mainly dominate the classroom assessment practices and basically relied on the traditional methods specifically on oral questioning for assessing students\u27 classroom learning. The classroom questions are basically focused very specific or limited responses. Therefore, this study suggests to change the current practices by using several assessment strategies and focus on assessment for students\u27 learning

Investigation of the Relationships Between Certain Personality Traits and Selected Professional and Socio-economic Variabies of Oklahoma Student Teaching Personnel in Vocational Agriculture

Agricultural Educatio

Upstream-Downstream Challenges On The Ganges- Examining The Bilateral Treaty Between India-Bangladesh And Proposing A New Legal Regime

本文试图探讨《恒河水资源共享协议》的空白和其面临的挑战，并试图找出该 协议对于作为下游国的孟加拉国是否有所裨益，以使印度和孟加拉国可在枯水季共 享恒河水源及其增流。由于印度法拉卡拦河坝的建设，恒河水的利用问题已成为两 国之间冲突的主要来源。尽管两国已签署了两个条约和两部谅解备忘录，下游国家 孟加拉国仍然声称他们没有得到根据条约规定应得的利益。事实上，他们在农业、 环境、社会和经济方面的确正面临着严峻的问题。 本篇论文有两个目的：一是探讨法拉卡拦河坝的存在对处于恒河下游的孟加拉 国而言是否有利，剖析现有的条约以及孟加拉国面临的社会、经济、环境等问题； 二是通过分析国际法律和条约，...This thesis tries to find out the gaps and challenges in Ganges water sharing treaty. Also try to find, whether there are benefits for the lower riparian country Bangladesh or not, getting from the Farakka barrage. Both India and Bangladesh shares waters of the Ganges River. Since the construction of the Farakka barrage in India, Ganges water became the key source of conflict between the two c...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院_民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学)学号：1292011115421

COPING WITH NATURAL DISASTERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY WITH PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN THE COASTAL ZONE OF BANGLADESH

Coastal zone of Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to different nature induced hydrological and climatological disasters. Disaster disproportionately affects a different group of populations. Among them, “people with disabilities” (PWDs) regardless of their gender face severe challenges in a disaster situation. The response mechanisms of disabled people in disaster context are also different. This paper aimed to examine the coping strategies of PWDs with a natural disaster in the coastal zone of Bangladesh. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 150 disabled people from Mongla sub-district, Rampal sub-district and Sharankhola sub-district of Bagerhat district. Most of the respondents (60%) did not receive any training on disaster preparedness but the majority of them (88%) had knowledge on the location of the nearest disaster shelters and took shelter at government listed centers before or during the disaster. They were not satisfied with the facilities and services of those disaster shelters. Nearly two-thirds (64%) of the respondents received disaster forecasting through electronic media. More than one-fifth of the respondents (22.7%) changed their occupations after a major disaster and one-fourth of the respondents (26.7%) were displaced or migrated from their original house as a consequence of the disaster. Although disabled people are one of the most vulnerable groups in disaster milieu, they have drawn limited attention by the policymakers, academicians and development organizations. This paper provides few coping strategies of disabled people that will help the policymakers to think and take disabled friendly measures in policy documents and development interventions