Kloning Gen carB Salmonella typhi Menggunakan Vektor Ekspresi pET-16b dan Sel Inang Escherichia coli XL-10 pada Suhu Ligasi 16C 4-8 Jam

Operon gen carAB Salmonella typhi yang diduga berkaitan erat dengan mekanisme infeksi demam tifoid pada manusia, terdiri dari gen carA dan gen carB yang mengkode pembentukan enzim carbamoyl phosphate sintetase sub unit kecil dan sub unit besar yang berperan dalam biosintesis arginin dan pirimidin. Studi tentang struktur dan fungsi gen carA Salmonella typhi telah dilaksanakan. Gen carB Salmonella typhi telah berhasil diisolasi dan dikloning dengan vektor pGemT dan sel inang Escherichia coli XL-10. Untuk melakukan studi fungsi gen carB Salmonella typhi dilakukan penelitian awal dengan mengkloning gen carB Salmonella typhi menggunakan vektor ekspresi pET-16b dan sel inang Escherichia coli XL-10. Proses ligasi dilakukan dengan perbandingan vektor:insert 1 : 4 pada suhu inkubasi 16°C selama 4 – 8 jam. Pada penelitian ini belum ditemukan koloni sel hasil transformasi yang membawa plasmid rekombinan PET-16bcarB. Untuk kelanjutan penelitian ini, maka disarankan untuk melakukan pengulangan terhadap pelaksanaan kloning gen carB Salmonella typhi dengan meningkatkan efektivitas proses ligasi dengan memvariasi perbandingan vektor (pET-16b) dan gen insert (carB). Dengan diperolehnya plasmid DNA rekombinan pET-16bcarB maka akan dapat dilanjutkan dengan studi untuk mendapatkan produk protein hasil ekspresinya sehingga dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk menghasilkan produk-produk bioteknologi di bidang kesehatan

NORMAL FASTING BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS AND MEDICATION ADHERENCE IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN PRIMARY HEALTH FACILITIES

Objective: The aim of the overall study was to determine the quality of life (QOL) and the factors that influence it in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in primary health care (PHC) Jetis 1, Bantul.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 153 DM patients in PHC Jetis I, Bantul. Respondents were recruited by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary data on exposure to cigarette smoke, adherence with physical activity, perception of disease, and QOL are collected through interviews. Data were analyzed by a mean test for ratio scale data and Chi-square test.Results: The results showed that the QOL and the level of adherence of DM patients in Puskesmas Jetis I were classified as very good. Male patients, elementary school graduates, normal body mass index (BMI), normal fasting blood sugar levels, adherent DM medication, and positive disease perception have a greater chance of having a better QOL. The mean of the random blood sugar and the fasting blood sugar levels exceeded the normal values, with 261.70 ± 121.15 mg/dl and 167.43 ± 10.23, respectively.Conclusion: The QOL of DM patients in I Jetis PHC is very good. Men, normal BMI, adherent with medication therapy, and normal fasting sugar levels are associated with an increase in QOL

Mental Disorder of Freshmen Students of Primary Health University Clinic in Jakarta

To realize a comprehensive service, one big university in Jakarta organize medical check up for freshmen students which include physical and mental health. The purposes of this study were to identify the characteristics of students who have mental disorder and factors related to visit for consulting doctor or psychologist after the medical check up. A cross-sectional study was conducted in January-February, 2017. The study used secondary datas from freshmen medical check up of  2015 and 2016 and medical records of university student clinic in 2015-2016. Mental health evaluation done by using SRQ20 (self-reporting questionnaire) that filled online by students’ re-registration. A total of 1,793 (12.4%) of freshmen  students from 14,129 students fill out ‘yes’ answer for at least 6 question and called as having mental disorder. There were only 24% of mental disorder students had come to doctors at university hospitals and only 2.4% who come to the counselor psychologist at the clinic during the year 2015-2016. The factors associated of visit the doctor in clinic were living in a dormitory or boarding (p<0.05 OR 2.82) and having physical problems at medical check up (p<0.05 OR 1.49). The factor associated with of visit the psychologist was male (p<0.05 OR 2.16). Number of mental disorder students who visited the doctor almost ten fold than visited the psychologist. So university clinics doctors as primary care physicians need to be more competence in identifying and detecting early mental disorder symptoms that hide in somatic symptoms

Molecular docking analysis of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on dopamine compare to bupropion as smoking cessation

Tobacco use continues to be the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. Smoking is highly addictive because nicotine can stimulate nicotinic acetylcholinergic (nACh) receptors which release dopamine. Smoking cessation can be done with pharmacotherapy such as bupropion or varenicline, but it is associated with side effects. Herbal medicine is a possible easy option for smoking cessation treatment. This study uses ginger as a natural ingredient. Gingerol and shogaol were found to be the active compounds of ginger which are responsible for their pharmacological action and have been identified as TRPV1 agonists. The predictive binding of several forms of gingerol and shogaol to TRPV1 was analyzed using docking analysis in an in silico model. The method used is molecular docking with parameter observations and systematic literature review studies with dopamine as a comparator compound. The results of molecular docking of all herbal compound samples showed that no bioactive compounds had a lower binding energy value than the native ligands. However, all bioactive compounds from ginger show a binding energy value around -8,4 until -7.2 kkal/mol. Based on the molecular docking results, it can be concluded that the ginger herbal compounds have a better interaction potential than the control, although not as good as the native ligands. 12-Shogaol, 8-Shogaol, 12-Gingerol, 10-Shogaol, and 10-Gingerol are thought to target dopamine receptor proteins potentially

Mental health stakeholders' perception toward mental illness in West Java

Background: Mental illness is predicted to rise and will have been as second rank in Global Burden Disease by year of 2020. Two thirds sufferer do not seek and receive a care. Stigma, discrimination, and ignorance about mental health are true obstacles still happening in Indonesia. Mental health stakeholders have essential role for making and applying policy in order to improve sufferer's quality of life. Their perception influence the intervention of mental health. The purpose of this study is to describe mental health stakeholders' perception toward mental illness in West Java. Methods: This was cross-sectional descriptive study which was conducted using questionnaire as secondary data. Sampling method was taken by using total sampling. Subject of this study were 75 representatives of stakeholder working at health department, local general hospital, social service department, and local government regency/city of West Java. Results: Result of this study showed good perception of mental health stakeholders. Respondents had a good perception toward cause and treatment of mental illness. Conclusions: Respondents' perception showed a good understanding toward mental illness. Stakeholders were expected to implement the policy and intervention program in order to handle mental health problem in West Java

CORRELATION BETWEEN COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND SERUM LEVELS OF TUMOR NECROSIS ALPHA (TNF-α) IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Introduction: Impaired cognitive function causes significant impairment in schizophrenic patients. Studies result found that inflammatory processes in the brain play an important role in cognitive decline in schizophrenia. One of the inflammatory markers associated with cognitive function in schizophrenia is serum Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) levels. TNF-α levels can be influenced by genetic and racial factors.   Objective: This study aims to analyze the correlation between cognitive function and TNF-α serum levels in schizophrenic patients in Indonesia. Methods: This study is an analytical study using a cross-sectional design in 34 schizophrenic patients who were hospitalized in the Mental Hospital of West Java Province. Patients with risk of inflammation and cognitive impairment are excluded. Cognitive function was assessed using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Digit Span and Trail Making Test. TNF-α serum levels were measured using the Sandwitch-ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. Results: Study participants showed a cognitive deficit in all examination instruments. The TNF-α serum levels of the participants increased (mean: 8.93 ± 3.43). TNF-α serum levels was not significantly correlated with cognitive function. Conclusion: There is no significant correlation exist between cognitive function and TNF-α serum levels in schizophrenia.Keywords: Schizophrenia, cognitive function, TNF-

Perception of Health Workers on Preventing COVID-19 Transmission Behavior based on Work Area and Exposure

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged at the end of 2019 and spread worldwide, becoming a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Agents, hosts, and the environment influence disease transmission. Perception influences healthy behavior in preventing disease transmission. This study aims to determine differences in the perception of health care workers (HCWs) on COVID-19 prevention behavior based on the area of work and exposure. This study is a cross-sectional study with a survey method using the health belief model questionnaire with research subjects who were HCWs on duty during the COVID-19 pandemic from May to July 2021 in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Statistical tests used were chi-square and Kruskal-Walis tests. From 346 subjects, it was found that the perception of susceptibility and self-efficacy of HCW in the yellow and red zones was higher than in the green zone (p=0.002). In comparison, the perception of barriers in the yellow zone was higher than in the red area (p=0.014). Health care workers had relatively similar mean scores in terms of knowledge (median 7 of 9), perceived benefits (median 27 of 30), cues to action (median 20 of 20), and perceived severity (median 19 of 30). Based on the history of exposure, the parameter of cues to the action of HCWs exposed to COVID-19 was better than those never exposed (p=0.009). HCW of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital has good knowledge and perception of the prevention of COVID-19. Differences in the perception of HCW between the work area and exposure history require more targeted and specific educational interventions and actions

STRATEGI PEMASARAN PRODUK OLAHAN JAHE MERAH (STUDI KASUS PADA PT PERFORMA QUALITA MANDIRI)

Jahe merupakan tanaman obat yang paling banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Indonesia sendiri memiliki tiga jenis jahe yang biasa diperdagangkan, yaitu jahe gajah, jahe emprit, dan jahe merah. Dari ketiga jenis jahe tersebut, jahe merah memiliki komponen kimia yang lebih unggul, terutama kandungan minyak atsiri yang lebih tinggi. PT Performa Qualita Mandiri (PT PAQAR) sebagai perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang agroforestri berinisiatif untuk mengembangkan jahe merah menjadi produk minuman kemasan dengan label JaeQ. Hal ini didasari keinginan untuk memanfaatkan jahe merah yang mengandung banyak khasiat bagi tubuh dan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai jahe merah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kegiatan pemasaran produk olahan jahe merah pada PT PAQAR dan juga memberikan alternatif strategi bagi perusahaan untuk meningkatkan performa perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan dapat memanfaatkan khasiat dan bahan alami yang terdapat pada produk tersebut sebagai materi pemasaran untuk menarik minat konsumen. Strategi selanjutnya yang dapat diterapkan yaitu memperluas jangkauan pemasaran dengan menambah outlet rekanan dan juga memperbaiki kemasan produk untuk meningkatkan minat konsumen terhadap produk olaha jahe merah JaeQ.Kata kunci:jahe merah, agroforestri, strategi pemasaran, minuman kemasan, Jae

Effectiveness of Multimedia and Education using Lecturing Method on Role of Vitamin D for Health Cadres

Objective: To investigate the differences in the effectiveness of learning methods between multimedia and lecture methods on benefits of vitamin D for health from the perspective of health cadres' knowledge,. Methods: This study was an experimental study with a pre-and post-test design. The knowledge of health cadres was assessed using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed before and after the health cadres received vitamin D education by two different methods. Data analysis was conducted using paired and independent t-test with a significance level of p <0.05. Results: A total of 59 health cadres participated in this study. Prior to education, the median test score for the multimedia group was 9.45, while the median test score for the lecture group was 82.70. After the education, the multimedia group and the lecture group got a median test score of 10.84. The multimedia method and lecture method significantly increased health cadres' knowledge with p-values of <0.02 and 0.003, respectively. There was no difference in the multimedia method's effectiveness compared to the lecture method in increasing the knowledge of health workers about vitamin D's role in health (p=0.62). Conclusion: The multimedia education method is as effective as the lecture method in increasing health cadres' knowledge about the role of vitamin D in health.