Morphological and geometrical characterization of historical churches of Yucatan, Mexico

This paper deals with the architectonic, constructive, and geometrical characterization of Yucatan stone masonry churches in Mexico. The work aims at finding statistical correlations between geometric parameters that characterise the main cross section of the churches. For this, a detailed historical and architectonic review was performed and a description of the structural elements and connections among them were provided combining existing data and visual survey of churches under ruins. In addition, a database of 44 Yucatan churches was built with the geometric features of the cross section and linear correlations were studied between the geometric parameters. Additional churches from different regions of Mexico were also considered for a systematic comparison. Besides, simple geometric relations between geometric key parameters as a function of the span of the churches with semi-circular canon vaults were derived and further compared with empirical relations provided in historical treatises from the 16th to 18th centuries was carried. Based on the results obtained, it was seen that the key geometric parameters defining the thickness of canon vaults and thickness and height of the stone masonry walls are reasonably close to some proposals provided in historical treatises.The authors wish to express their gratitude to the National Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico (INAH), the Commission of Ecclesiastical Properties and Sacred Art of the Archdiocese of Yucatan, the Yucatan State Government Restoration Department, the Faculty of Architecture of the Autonomous University of Yucatan, and the Teacher Professional Development Program (PRODEP) for all collaborationand suppor

Geometrical characterization of Yucatan Churches

This paper presents the methodology used in the geometrical characterization of Yucatan churches. The main aim was to determine the geometrical features of the typical profile that represent with the best accuracy the churches with canon vaults built in the south of Mexico. The methodology was structure in two phases: (1) preliminary studies and definition of the database of the Yucatan churches and (2) statistical studies on the database. After the definition of the key parameters describing the typical profile of one nave Yucatan churches, a statistical analysis was carried out through regression analysis among the different parameters and definition of histograms for the variables. An attempt to describe the key parameters as a fubntion of the span of the churches was also performed. Based on the results obtained, it seems that the Yucatan’s churches were built totally in an intuitive way as they do not present clear numerical relationships between geometrical key parameters.(undefined

Physical and chemical characterization of historical masonry materials from Yucatan churches, Mexico

Yucatan churches are an important built heritage in Mexico from sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. They are massive structures, where loadbearing stone masonry walls and vaults represent the main structural elements. This paper presents the results of the experimental campaign carried out on stone units and mortars selected from six partially collapsed churches. The stone samples were collected from walls and vaults. Additionally, mortars samples were collected from joints and finishing mortars. The physical characterization was performed according to European standards and key physical properties were obtained, name-ly density (ρb), porosity (Po) and water absorption by immersion (Ab). Reasonable correla-tion between variables was achieved. The chemical characterization was carried out through X-ray diffraction test (XRD). A chemical composition of calcium carbonates showed almost all stones samples, only two stone samples show secondary compound as Magnesian and Ankerite. The mortars show a chemical composition mainly of calcium carbonates and few cases show additional traces of clays.XRD measurements were performed at LANNBIO Cinvestav Mérida, under support from projects FOMIX-Yucatán 2008-108160 CONACYT LAB-2009-01-123913, 188345, 204822, 292692, 294643. Technical help is acknowledged to MSc. D. Aguilar and Ing. Daniel Poot”. The physical measurements were carried out at Laboratories of Construction and the Laboratory of Mechanics of Materials of the Faculty of Engineering of the Autonomous University of Yucatan. Technical help is acknowledged to Ing. F. Duarte, Ing. A. Martinez, Ing. R. Valencia, Ing. J. Cab and M.I. M. Chi. The authors wish to express their gratitude to the National Institute of Anthropology and History of Mexico (INAH) and the Commission of Ecclesiastical Properties and Sacred Art of the Archdiocese of Yucatan for all collaboration and suppor

Influencia de los tratados históricos de la construcción en las proporciones geométricas de los edificios históricos religiosos de México

Este trabajo se enfoca en edificios históricos religiosos de los siglos 16th al 18th ubicados en México. Se estudian iglesias de mampostería con un sólo vano y bóvedas semicirculares apoyadas sobre muros portantes. El objetivo es establecer correlaciones geométricas entre las principales variables de la sección transversal típica y las reglas empíricas propuestas en los tratados históricos de construcción europeos. Para ello 1) se conformó una base de datos de iglesias Mexicas; 2) se establecieron correlaciones geométricas simples entre los principales parámetros y el vano de la bóveda, 3) se realizó un amplio estudio de los tratados históricos europeos desarrollados entre los siglos 16th y el 18th, y finalmente 4) se realizó un análisis comparativo entre las proporciones geométricas de las iglesias estudiadas y las propuestas en los tratados históricos europeos. Los resultados revelaron que los constructores mexicanos habrían incorporado algunos conocimientos existentes, posiblemente introducidos por los exploradores españoles.Los autores desean expresar su agradecimiento al Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia de México (INAH), a la Comisión de Bienes Eclesiásticos y Arte Sacro de la Arquidiócesis de Yucatán, a la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán y al Programa de Desarrollo Profesional Docente (PRODEP) por toda su colaboración y apoyo

Aspecto físico e as repercussôes na qualidade de vida e autonomia de idosos afetados por hanseníase

  Leprosy, coupled with aging process, brings physical changes, which interfere in dependency and autonomy. The objective was to evaluate the physical aspect and the impact on the quality of life and the autonomy of elderly people affected by leprosy. This is a descriptive study of a quantitative approach, conducted with 60 elderly people in two rehabilitation centers in São Luís (MA). We used the Physical Domain of the WHOQOL-Bref and facets "Sensory Skills" and "Autonomy" of WHOQOL-OLD, from the World Health Organization. There were observed problems with pain/discomfort (31.6 percent), fatigue (21.6%) and sleep/rest (23.3 percent), acting in the inability for locomotion (23.3%), carrying out daily activities (16.6%), and work (33.3 percent), as well as related to the dependency on drugs/treatments (56.6%). The quality of life has changed by loss of sensory (33.3%), as well as the ability to perform activities (28.3%) and interact with people (23.3%). Regarding autonomy, most seniors felt free to make decisions (53.3%) and respected by taking them (55.0%), although stated that do not perform all who desire (38.3%). Thus, it was concluded that the disease, before the process of senescence and/or senility, might have contributed negatively about the physical aspects and quality of life of the elderly.La lepra, junto con el envejecimiento trae cambios físicos que afectan a la dependencia y a la autonomía. El objetivo fue evaluar el aspecto físico y el impacto en la calidad de vida y la independencia de las personas mayores afectadas por la lepra. Estudio descriptivo con un enfoque cuantitativo, con 60 ancianos en dos centros de rehabilitación en Sao Luis - MA. Se utilizó el dominio físico de la WHOQOL - bref y Facetas "Habilidades sensoriales" y "Autonomía" del WHOQOL -.OLD, de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Se observó problemas con el dolor / malestar (31,3%), fatiga (21 3%) y el sueño / descanso (23,3%), actuando en la incapacidad para el transporte (23,3%), la realización de actividades cotidianas (16,6%) y el trabajo (33,3%), así como relacionados con la dependencia de medicamentos / tratamientos (56,6%). La calidad de vida se alteró por la pérdida sensorial (33,3%), así como la capacidad de realizar actividades (28,3%) e interactuar con personas (23,3%). En cuanto a la autonomía, la mayoría de las personas mayores se sintieron libres para tomar decisiones (53,3%) y se sintieron respetadas por tomarlas (55,0%), aunque afirmaron no hacer todo lo que quisieran (38,3 %). Por lo tanto, se concluye que la enfermedad ante el proceso de la senescencia y / o proceso de la senilidad puede haber contribuido negativamente sobre los aspectos físicos y calidad de vida de las personas mayoresA hanseníase, aliada ao processo de envelhecimento, traz alterações físicas que interferem na dependência e autonomia. O objetivo foi avaliar o aspecto físico e as repercussões na qualidade de vida e autonomia de idosos afetados por hanseníase. Estudo descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, com 60 idosos em dois Centros de Reabilitação em São Luís - MA. Utilizou-se o Domínio Físico do WHOQOL – bref e as Facetas “Habilidades Sensoriais” e “Autonomia” do WHOQOL – OLD, da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Observou-se problemas com dor/desconforto (31,6%), fadiga (21,6%) e sono/repouso (23,3%), atuando na incapacidade para locomoção (23,3%), realização de atividades diárias (16,6%) e trabalho (33,3%), bem como relacionados à dependência de medicamentos/tratamentos (56,6%). A qualidade de vida foi alterada por perdas sensoriais (33,3%), bem como a capacidade de realizar atividades (28,3%) e interagir com pessoas (23,3%). No que tange a autonomia, a maioria dos idosos se sentia livre para tomar decisões (53,3%) e sentia-se respeitada por tomá-las (55,0%), embora afirmasse não realizar tudo o que deseja (38,3%). Assim, conclui-se que a doença, diante do processo de senescência e/ou senilidade, pode ter contribuído negativamente sobre os aspectos físicos e qualidade de vida dos idosos

Angioedema Recidivante Idiopático: Uma Possível Apresentação de Angioedema Hereditário Tipo III

Three types of hereditary angioedema (HAE) have been described within the spectrum of idioptahic nonhistaminergic angioedema. Type I and II related with C1-INH (C1-esterase inhibitor) deficiency is more frequent and type III is rare, occurs mostly in young women, without C1 inhibitor (C1-INH) alterations, and may be associated with mutations in the factor XII gene. Trauma, stress and estrogen may be the precipitants, treatment is still a challenge due to the absence of controlled studies. We present a case of possible type III HF in a young woman, aggravated by the introduction of anti-conception and improvement with its suspension and treatment with tranexamic acid, but without a family history or a factor XII mutation.Dentro do angioedema idiopático não histaminérgico estão descritos três tipos de angioedema hereditário (AEH). O tipo I e II por défice de C1-INH (inibidor de C1-esterase) é o mais frequente e o tipo III, mais raro, ocorre maioritariamente em mulheres jovens, sem alterações do C1-inibidor (C1-INH), e pode associar-se a mutações no gene do fator XII. Trauma, stress e estrogénios podem ser os precipitantes, o tratamento é ainda um desafio pela ausência de estudos controlados. Apresentamos um caso de possível AEH tipo III numa jovem, agravado pela introdução de contraceptivo oral e melhoria com a sua suspensão e tratamento com ácido tranexâmico, mas sem história familiar e sem mutação do factor XII

Evaluation of Corpus Luteum Vascularization in Recipient Mares by Using Color Doppler Ultrasound

Background: Embryo transfer is one of the most commonly used reproductive biotechnique. The success of embryo transfer is also affected by the synchrony of estrus and ovulation between donor and recipient animals. In horse reproduction, ultrasonography has been used, among other purposes, to diagnose early pregnancy. However, only the color Doppler imaging mode makes it possible to evaluate the vascular architecture and the hemodynamic aspects of the vessels in several organs, especially the corpus luteum. The objective of this study was to evaluate, based on the color Doppler ultrasound, the corpus luteum vascularization and function from recipient mares at embryo transfer timing.Materials, Methods & Results: Mangalarga Machador mares from 5 to 10-year-old and a range of live weights of between 350 to 450 kg were used for this experiment, kept in pasture-based on mombaça grass (Panicum maximum) and were given ad libitum access to water and mineral supplementation. The animals (n = 15) were gynecologically examined and uterine consistency was evaluated by rectal palpation the same operator using an ultrasound system (SonoScape®) with a linear transducer, and operating frequency ranging from 5 to 10 Mhz. The uterine tone was classified between grades 1 and 4 and subjected to ovulation induction. The objective and subjective vascular perfusion of the corpus luteum was evaluated by color Doppler ultrasound on the day of embryo transfer and endometrium. The determination progesterone concentration on the day of the embryo transfer was performed by direct chemiluminescence assay. The arcsine (√P/100) transformation was applied to the percentage data, and the results were expressed as mean (.) ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Further, the assumptions of normality and homoscedasticity were verified, respectively, based on the Shapiro-Wilk and Lilliefors tests. Regarding the parametric and non-parametric variables, were applied, respectively, analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between the parameters. The statistical program SPSS 16.0 was used to perform the over-mentioned analyses, and a p-value 0.05).Discussion: Mares that later became pregnant showed a higher concentration of progesterone as an outcome of the higher vascularization in the corpus luteum. It can be supported by both the correlation between the progesterone concentration and the corpus luteum vascular perfusion, as well as by the higher values of the vascular perfusion in pregnant mares. Based on the results, it has been concluded that the color Doppler ultrasound evaluation is an accurate tool to determine the corpus luteum vascularization, whether considering the objective or subjective methods. Also, the vascular perfusion is the most efficient parameter to determine both the corpus luteum function and to predict the ability of the recipient mares to maintain pregnancy

PRAZER E SOFRIMENTO NO TRABALHO DE ENFERMAGEM EM UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA PEDIÁTRICA

RESUMO OBJETIVO: conhecer as situações geradoras de prazer e sofrimento no cotidiano laboral de trabalhadores de Enfermagem em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, com 15 trabalhadores de Enfermagem atuantes em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica entre setembro e outubro de 2016. Os dados foram analisados com base em análise de conteúdo temática, sob a ótica do referencial da psicodinâmica do trabalho. RESULTADOS: os participantes mencionaram que o trabalho no setor investigado é permeado tanto por situações geradoras de prazer como de sofrimento. A satisfação em desenvolver o cuidado, especialmente quando há êxito na recuperação da criança, torna o trabalho gratificante e prazeroso. No entanto, o trabalho também traz sofrimento associado à falta de recursos materiais e à vivência do óbito da criança, o qual é intensificado quando acompanham os familiares nesse processo, gerando sentimento de impotência e frustração. CONCLUSÃO: o trabalho em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica pode gerar prazer, quando o trabalhador se sente gratificado, e também sofrimento associado a sentimentos de impotência e frustração, ao vivenciarem o óbito da criança

A morte da criança hospitalizada: estratégias defensivas e de enfrentamento da equipe de enfermagem

Este artigo busca identificar estratégias defensivas e de enfrentamento utilizadas pela equipe de enfermagem frente ao processo de morte da criança hospitalizada. É um estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados deu-se através de entrevista semiestruturada com profissionais da equipe de enfermagem de unidade de Internação Pediátrica de hospital universitário no Sul do Brasil. As estratégias defensivas utilizadas para reduzir o sofrimento foram: não se envolver, mudança de foco, tentativa de separação do trabalho de atividades pessoais e diálogo da equipe. A estratégia de enfrentamento foi o apoio espiritual. Conclui-se que os trabalhadores necessitam de apoio psicológico para enfrentarem situações adversas presentes no trabalho. Com isso, ocorre o enfrentamento de situações de sofrimento e redução de efeitos desestabilizadoras no ambiente de trabalho