Late onset Alzheimer’s disease in older people

Dementia has become a common diagnosis in aging populations, and the numbers will increase in the forthcoming years. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, accounting for 50%–56% of cases at autopsy and in clinical series. Nowadays, the number of people affected by AD is rapidly increasing, and more than 35 million people worldwide have AD, a condition characterized by deterioration of memory and other cognitive domains, and leading to death 3–9 years after diagnosis. The number of patients with AD, the most common cause of disability in the elderly, is set to rise dramatically. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to recognize early signs and symptoms of dementia and to note potentially modifiable risk factors and early disease markers

A comparison of the effects of desflurane and total intravenous anaesthesia on the motor evoked responses in scoliosis surgery

Background: In the present study, we compared the effects of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) and desflurane anaesthesia on tcMEPs in scoliosis surgery.Methods: The study included 45 patients between the ages of 18 to 50 years, and classified as ASAI-II; which were planned to undergo posterior fusion/instrumentation operations for elective scoliosis.  Anaesthesia was maintained using 50-150 mcg/kg/min propofol in Group T(TIVA), and desflurane (0.5 MAC) in Group D, and with infusions of 0.05-0.3 mcg/kg/min remifentanil at 50 % O2 + air in both groups, by applying drugs at doses so that bispectral index (BIS) would be maintained between 40 and 60 throughout the course of anaesthesia. The tcMEP responses were measured four times during the operation, and BIS, train-of-four (TOF), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate(HR), and end tidal CO2(ETCO2) values were recorded simultaneously. In both group the anaesthesia was ended at the final surgical suture.  The recovery parameters were recorded.Results: The groups were found not to differ regarding the demographic characteristics, duration of the anaesthesia and the surgery, remifentanil dosage, tcMEP, the simultaneously recorded TOF, MAP, HR and ETCO2 values, and the amount of perioperative bleeding. The cooperation time and the orientation time were shorter in group D. The tcMEP responses were recorded in the appropriate times and amplitudes in both groups. Conclusions: TIVA is primarily used in routine applications in spinal surgery; however our study results revealed that 0.5 MAC desflurane may also be safely used in association with remifentanil, with the resultant correct tcMEP responses. 

A 5-year trend of myocardial infarction, hypertension, stroke and diabetes mellitus in gender and different age groups in Erzurum, Turkey

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the trend and risk of coronary artery diseases (CAD), myocardial Infarction (MI), hypertension (HT), stroke, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) as regard to different age groups and gender.MethodsWe retrieved retrospectively almost 5-year data (January 1st 2007 through December 31st 2011) from the Ataturk university hospital that has database registry system based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). We included 88,293 patients in this analysis. A logistic-regression model was used to assess the effect of groups of variables on the associations of interest (sex and its interaction with age) with calculation of odds ratios with their 95 percent confidence intervals.ResultsOut of 88,293 patients, 45% (39,514) were females and mean age was 56.86 ± 16.23. The females were dominant (P = 0.001) in all age groups in diabetes type 2. Whereas in case of hypertension, CAD and strokes except in young age groups males were more prominent. We found that females had high risk 1.54 (95% CI, 1.50–1.59) for diabetes mellitus while for other cardiovascular disease females had lower risk except a slightly high risk for overall CVD (1.01; 95% CI, 0.93–1.09).ConclusionThe results demonstrated that for diabetes type 2 and young age group for other cardiovascular diseases females are dominant and have higher risk

Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Sensing of Biological Thiols in Auqeous Solutions Using BODIPY-Based Reagents

Cataloged from PDF version of article.udicious design of BODIPY dyes carrying nitroethenyl substituents in conjugation with the BODIPY core yields dyes that respond to biological thiols by both absorbance and emission changes. Incorporation of solubilizing ethyleneglycol units ensures water solubility. The result is bright signaling of biologically relevant thiols in the longer wavelength region of the visible spectrum and in aqueous solutions

An elderly diabetic case of ochronosis with depression and chronic pain

Alkaptonuria (ochronosis) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder featuring a genetic error in the amino acid metabolism. A defect in the tyrosine metabolism results in the accumulation and deposition of homogentisic acid in connective tissue, causing a blue-black discolouration. Degenerative arthropathy of the spine, knee, and hip are common signs of ochronosis in older age. An association between ochronosis and depression has not previously been discussed in the literature. This case report describes a 69 year-old woman with diabetes mellitus, ochronosis, depression and chronic pain. (Pol J Endocrinol 2010; 61 (6): 710-713)Alkaptoniuria (ochronoza) jest rzadką, dziedziczoną w sposób autosomalny recesywny chorobą metaboliczną, która polega na genetycznym defekcie przemiany aminokwasu, tyrozyny. Defekt ten powoduje gromadzenie się i odkładanie kwasu homogentyzynowego w tkance łącznej powodujące jej niebiesko-czarne zabarwienie. Częstymi objawami ochronozy w starszym wieku są zmiany zwyrodnieniowe stawów kręgosłupa, kolan i bioder. W bibliografii nie znaleziono opracowań dotyczących związku między ochronozą i depresją. Niniejszy opis przedstawia przypadek 69-letniej kobiety cierpiącej z powodu ochronozy, depresji i przewlekłego bólu. (Endokrynol Pol 2010; 61 (6): 710-713

Diagnosis and treatment process of comorbid bipolar disorder in a patient diagnosed with autism: Case report

Depression is one of the main psychiatric comorbidity reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, some cases of bipolar disorder accompanying ASD have been reported. In the past, there was a tendency to attribute all psychiatric problems in autistic children and adults to autism itself. Nowadays, there is not only an increase in the number of studies on other medical conditions especially neurological conditions in ASD but also there is an increasing effort in defining the comorbide psychiatric disorders. Comorbid psychiatric conditions can make disease management difficult in cases of autism. The precise and reliable diagnosis of psychiatric disorders accompanying children and adolescents with autism is of great importance. More specific treatment options are possible when problematic behaviors are accepted only as a manifestation of comorbid psychiatric disorder from isolated behavior. In this case report, we aimed to present the diagnosis and management of an adolescent autism diagnosed patient and comorbid bipolar disorder

The effect of activated protein C on experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis

INTRODUCTION: Acute pancreatitis is a local inflammatory process that leads to a systemic inflammatory response in the majority of cases. Bacterial contamination has been estimated to occur in 30–40% of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. Development of pancreatic necrosis depends mainly on the degree of inflammation and on the microvascular circulation of the pancreatic tissue. Activated protein C (APC) is known to inhibit coagulation and inflammation, and to promote fibrinolysis in patients with severe sepsis. We investigated the effects of APC on histopathology, bacterial translocation, and systemic inflammation in experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. Rats were randomly allocated to three groups. Acute pancreatitis was induced in group II (positive control; n = 15) and group III (treatment; n = 15) rats by retrograde injection of taurocholate into the common biliopancreatic duct. Group I rats (sham; n = 15) received an injection of normal saline into the common biliopancreatic duct to mimic a pressure effect. Group III rats were treated with intravenous APC 6 hours after induction of pancreatitis. Pancreatic tissue and blood samples were obtained from all animals for histopathological examination and assessment of amylase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6 levels in serum. Bacterial translocation to pancreas and mesenteric lymph nodes was measured. RESULTS: Acute pancreatitis developed in all groups apart from group I (sham), as indicated by microscopic parenchymal necrosis, fat necrosis and abundant turbid peritoneal fluid. Histopathological pancreatitis scores in the APC-treated group were lower than in positive controls (10.31 ± 0.47 versus 14.00 ± 0.52; P < 0.001). Bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes and to pancreas in the APC-treated group was significantly decreased compared with controls (P < 0.02 and P < 0.007, respectively). Serum amylase, tumor necrosis factor--α, and IL-6 levels were also significantly decreased in comparison with positive controls (P < 0.001, P < 0.04 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: APC improved the severity of pancreatic tissue histology, superinfection rates and serum markers of inflammation during the course of acute necrotizing pancreatitis

Correction: The effect of activated protein C on experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis

PubMe