Development of Kemahiran Hidup Tingkatan Satu (1) Courseware Prototype Using User Centered Design (UCD) Methodology Based on the Modality Principle

Many educational coursewares have been developed either from the government sector or private sectors. However, the coursewares only for core subjects such as Bahasa Malaysia, English, Mathematics, and Sciences. The rest is still under development. This is maybe because of low resources and need more multimedia learning theory applied. The objective of this study is to identify the user requirement and applied it to CDKH prototype. The methodology of this study is User Centered Design Methodology (UCD). Thereby this paper discuss about the problem faced by the students in learning Kemahiran Hidup. The limitations for developing a good courseware have been verified. The development of this courseware is by involving the user as part of the development team and process. For a maximum effectiveness: the courseware will be developed by using Adobe Director with customize lingo script to make the interaction more effective. The respondents are most equally for the color to background and font color. The respondent are like to have the animation background, background music. The type of exercise that the respondents like most is the drag and drop type. The respondents are also like the simple theme. Result that get from the evaluation is most of the respondent are like about the interfaces in the CDKH prototype

Incidence and distribution of coleopteran insect pests on rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) in upper himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir, India

Experimental trail was conducted in free choice conditions at intermediate zone of Jammu and Kashmir, India during kharif season 2007. Various beetle populations viz. white grub (Holotrichia consaguinea), Blister beetle (Mylabris pustulata), flower eating beetle (Protatia alboquattata Vig.), wire worms (Melanotus communis Gyllenhal) and flea beetle (Phyllotera sp.) were observed at the experimental site. Among these pests H. consaguinea populations were found to be the dominating one. Correlation studies depicted that, both H. consaguinea adults and grubs were positively correlated with maximum and minimum temperatures. M. pustulata and P. alboquattata were negatively correlated with maximum and minimum temperatures, other beetles were positively correlated. H. consaguinea grubs, M. communis adults, were negatively correlated with relative humidity. M. pustulata and Phyllotreta sp. were positively correlated with relative humidity. As infestation of these insects is concerned wire worm, white grub larvae, white grub adult and blister beetle, fed on germinating seedlings, roots, leaves and silk, respectively however, both P. alboquattata and grain feeding flea beetle were found to feed on cob grains. Thus these beetles led to varying degree of damage and their distribution on maize plant.ÂÂ

Vermicomposting of aquatic weeds: A quick review

Aquatic plants play an important role in ecosystem functioning and services but they can also be deleterious if present in excess. The different anthropogenic activities result in accumulation of nutrients in aquatic ecosystems leads to eutrophication with massive weed growth and associated diverse adverse effects. Effective control/management of weeds in different aquatic systems is not only difficult but of short duration. The commonly used methods to manage/control the aquatic weeds are biological, chemical and mechanical, in addition to habitat manipulation. However, these methods can be highly disruptive causing adverse environmental effects and are relatively inefficient. On the other hand different species of earthworms can feed on wide range of weeds and convert them into stable product called vermicompost, rich in plant nutrients. Among different aquatic weeds the most extensively vermicomposted weed is water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms), using different earthworm species. Among different earthworm species used for vermicomposting of aquatic weeds, Eisenia fetida (Savigny) is the most commonly used species. Vermicomposting is an efficient ecobiotechnological process that converts the aquatic weeds into nutrient rich material that can acts as suitable plant growth media for sustainable agroecosystems. Further large scale utilization of aquatic weed based vermicompost in horticulture can solve their management and disposal issues along with restoration of organic matter and nutrient depletion at low input basis

Enhancement of machinability of Inconel 718 in end milling through online induction heating of workpiece

This paper presents the outcome of a study on heat assisted end milling of Inconel 718 using inducting heating technique conducted to enhance the machinability of the material. The heating temperature maintained below the phase transformation temperature was aimed at softening the top removable material layers. The experimental results of both conventional and heat assisted machining were compared. The machinability of Inconel 718 under these conditions was evaluated in terms of tool life, tool wear morphology and chatter. The advantages of Induction heating is demonstrated by an longer tool life and lower chatter. The study showed that preheated machining facilitates up to 80% increase of tool life over conventional machining conducted using TiAlN coated carbide inserts

Prevalence of cervical ribs and elongated transverse processes in Kashmiri population

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of cervical ribs and elongated transverse process in the Kashmiri population.Methods: We reviewed 2000 chest x rays of adult patients which were done in a period of 4 months in the department of Radiology, Govt Medical College Hospital, Srinagar, J& K.Results: The diagnosis of cervical rib was made in a total of 50 radiographs with a prevalence of 2.67%. The prevalence of cervical rib was higher in females (3.1%) as compared to males (2.1%). A total of 67 cervical ribs were seen in 50 patients. Unilateral cervical rib was seen in 33(66.0%) patients, right sided in 20(40.0%) and left sided in 13(26.0%). Bilateral cervical ribs were seen in 17(34.0%) patients. Elongated transverse process was seen in 280 patients constituting a prevalence of 14.96%. The prevalence in females (17.95%) was higher than males (12.15%).Conclusions: Prevalence of cervical rib and C7 transversomegaly is high in Kashmiri population. Similar results have been noted in Saudi population. Thus it is concluded that in the populations with higher rates of consanguinity, there is high probability of occurrence of cervical ribs because of HOX gene mutations. There is need for many more well designed studies to prove this association. Keeping in mind the high prevalence of cervical rib, patients with unexplained cervical pain need to be evaluated for this entity.

A prospective study of maternal outcome of labor and perinatal outcome in premature rupture of membranes

Background: Premature rupture of membranes refers to rupture of fetal membranes prior to the onset of labor. PROM is of two types viz. term PROM and preterm PROM. The incidence of PROM is at an average of 10%. In 70% of the cases, it occurs in pregnancies at term.  Preterm PROM- defined as PROM prior to 37 weeks of gestation- complicates 2% to 4% of all singleton and 7% to 20% of twin pregnancies. It is the leading identifiable cause of premature birth and accounts for approximately 18% to 20% of perinatal deaths. Methods: This study was conducted in the tertiary care teaching institute in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India. After taking an informed consent, a proforma was filled on subject history, examination and investigations. These subjects were followed until delivery and then neonates were also followed. Results: Incidence of PROM was 8.76% of which 54.7% were primigravida and 45.3% were multigravida. Most of the patients (70.4%) were term, only 29.6% were preterm with gestational age of <37 weeks. Incidence of PPH was 2.8%, puerperal pyrexia occurred in 9.8%. The incidence of RDS in neonates was 8.9% while the incidence of neonatal sepsis was 6.7%. There was 1.1% perinatal mortality. Conclusions: From this study it can be concluded that basic aim of obstetrician should be to identify the risk factors leading to PROM, to treat complications and implement strict aseptic precautions to prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity

Development of an artificial neural network algorithm for predicting the surface roughness in end milling of inconel 718 alloy

In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed for the investigation and prediction of the relationship between cutting parameters and surface roughness during high speed end milling of nickel-based Inconel 718 alloy. The input parameters of the ANN model are the cutting parameters: cutting speed, feed, and axial depth of cut. The output parameter of the model was surface roughness. For this interpretation, advantages of statistical experimental design technique, experimental measurements, artificial neural network were exploited in an integrated manner. Cutting experiments are designed based on statistical three-level full factorial experimental design technique. A predictive model for surface roughness was created using a feed-forward back-propagation neural network exploiting experimental data. The network was trained with pairs of inputs/outputs datasets generated when end milling Inconel 718 alloy with single-layer PVD TiAlN coated carbide inserts. A very good predicting performance of the neural network, in terms of concurrence with experimental data was attained. The model can be used for the analysis and prediction for the complex relationship between cutting conditions and the surface roughness in metal-cutting operations and for the optimization of the surface roughness for efficient and economic production

Enhancement of machinability by workpiece preheating in end milling of Ti-6Al-4V

Purpose: The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of workpiece preheating with high frequency induction heating on improvement of machinability of Ti-6Al-4V during end milling using PVD TiAlN coated inserts. Tool life, cutting force and vibration were investigated during the experiments. Design/methodology/approach: End milling tests were conducted on Vertical Machining Centre (VMC ZPS, Model: MCFV 1060 with quarter immersion cutting. Titanium based alloy Ti-6Al-4V bar was used as the work-piece. Machining was performed with a 20 mm diameter end-mill tool holder (R390-020B20-11M) fitted with one insert. PVD TiAlN coated carbide inserts (R390-11 T3 08E-ML 2030) were used in the experiments. All of the experiments were run at room temperature and preheated conditions. The preheated temperature was maintained at 420ºC and no phase change of the workpiece in preheating was ensured from the phase diagram of Ti-6Al-4V. High frequency induction heating was utilized to run the preheated machining. Findings: Preheating helps in substantially increasing tool life and in lowering down the cutting force value, lowering the amplitude of vibration and dynamic forces. Practical implications: The cost of machining Ti-6Al-4V is extremely high because of the relatively low machining speed and short tool life. Therefore, improving the machinability of Ti-6Al-4V is a research topic of much interest, with a number of approaches reported with varied results, such as, cryogenic cutting, highpressure coolant, rotary-tool, and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). Originality/value: A new approach of induction preheating to overcome the difficulties in machining of Ti-6Al-4V is presented in this paper. In preheated machining, high frequency induction heating is used as an external heat source to soften the work material surface layer in order to decrease its tensile strength and strain hardening. An experimental study has been performed to assess the effect of workpiece preheating using induction heating system to enhance the machinability of Ti-6Al-4V. The preheating temperature was maintained below the phase change temperature of Ti-6Al-4V

Modeling for surface roughness in end-milling of titanium alloy Ti-6AI-4V using uncoated WC-Co and PCD Inserts

This paper presents an approach to optimize the surface finish in end milling titanium-alloy of Ti-6AI-4V using uncoated WC-Co and PCD inserts under dry conditions. Response surface methodology is utilized to develop an efficient mathematical model for surface roughness in terms of cutting speed, feed and axial depth of cut. For this purpose, a number of machining experiments based on factorial design of experiments method are carried out in order to determine surface roughness values. The 3FI surface roughness models have been developed at 95% confidence interval for both the inserts. The adequacy of the models has been verified by analyzing the variance