Rainbow

Poe

Snake antivenom for snake venom induced consumption coagulopathy

Background Snake venom induced consumption coagulopathy is a major systemic effect of envenoming. Observational studies suggest that antivenom improves outcomes for venom induced consumption coagulopathy in some snakebites and not others. However, the effectiveness of snake antivenom in all cases of venom induced consumption coagulopathy is controversial. Objectives To assess the effect of snake antivenom as a treatment for venom induced consumption coagulopathy in people with snake bite. Search methods The search was done on 30 January 2015. We searched the Cochrane Injuries Group's Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library), Ovid MEDLINE(R), Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily and Ovid OLDMEDLINE(R), Embase Classic+Embase (OvidSP), three other sources, clinical trials registers, and we also screened reference lists. Selection criteria All completed, published or unpublished, randomised, controlled trials with a placebo or no treatment arm, where snake antivenom was administered for venom induced consumption coagulopathy in humans with snake bites. Data collection and analysis Two authors reviewed the identified trials and independently applied the selection criteria. Main results No studies met the inclusion criteria for this review

Young people, self-harm and help-seeking

Given the high rates of completed suicide and poor help-seeking among young men, this research explored how young men, who had successfully sought help from a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS), experienced help-seeking. This study focused on the factors that facilitated initial access and on-going engagement in services. Eight young men between the ages of 16-18, who had entered CAMHS following self-harm or suicidal ideation, and who were engaged in on-going therapy, were recruited. Each young man was interviewed to elicit his personal experiences of help-seeking and help-receiving. Interviews were transcribed and subjected to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Five dominant themes, that overarched participant’s individual experiences, emerged from the data: Role of external adult in recognising, normalising and initiating help seeking; Influence of another;Challenging and renegotiating perception of need for help and meaning behind this need; Change in perspective; Maintaining an independent self; Mechanisms of engagement and Shared experience. Help-seeking was described as a journey of two stages; 1) initial access and 2) on-going engagement, during which the presence and timing of external influences (parents, teachers) and internal influences (personal beliefs and attitudes) were crucial. A model of help-seeking is presented. This study is the first of its kind to consider factors that facilitate the help-seeking journey of young men aged 16-18 following self-harm. It highlights the need for provision of information to parents and teachers about how to identify need and ways to facilitate access to services. Information and guidelines on how to adapt services to meet the complex developmental needs of young men, is highlighted for service developers, commissioners and clinicians

Lessons from MENA: appraising EU transfers of military and security equipment to the Middle East and North Africa: a contribution to the review of the EU common position

This publication analyses EU arms exports to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), in recent years both from an overarching perspective as well as detailing specific transfers. While the particular timing and nature of the Arab Spring itself could not be predicted, the potential for trouble at some point and the responding State repression could hardly be a surprise given the nature of these authoritarian regimes. While civil society over the years has questioned a number of arms sales to undemocratic regimes with a history of violating human rights, the Arab Spring appeared to be a necessary condition for EU governments to recognise that the implementation of their export control policies had failed on numerous occasions. This analysis probes the level of caution EU exporting authorities demonstrated. The aim is to identify patterns of poor decision-making on arms exports where they exist, to consider why such patterns exist and to suggest remedies. Demands for socio-economic improvements as well as civil liberties, as they emerged in numerous Arab countries over the past year, are not likely to die soon, nor are these demands constrained to the Arab world

Justifying Employee Drug Testing: Privacy Rights Versus Business Interests

Mandatory drug testing in the workplace as a form of employee monitoring raises numerous questions. This paper will explore the extent to which employees can claim a right to privacy in employment situations. This will be followed by an exploration into the legal framework in which drug testing programs may be implemented. Finally, the paper will consider the competing interests of employers and employees with respect to drug testing. In the end, it will be argued that mandatory drug testing in the workplace is a justifiable form of monitoring employees, and that attempts to ban its use at this point in time are shortsighted. There will be no attempt to analyze the issue in the context of public sector employees. The paper will focus solely on the private sector. This decision is primarily motivated by a desire to avoid opening the Pandora\u27s Box of Charter analysis. Furthermore, it is important to consider what substances are being included in any discussion about drug testing. Typically, literature on the subject interprets drug testing as testing for drugs, both licit and illicit, as well as alcohol. For ease of reference, this interpretation will be adopted for the balance of this paper. Finally, the paper will focus on forms of employment in which safety concerns are particularly relevant. While the general argument being advanced is applicable to all forms of employment, it is clear that drug testing is more appropriate, and therefore more easily justified, in certain employment situations, specifically where public and worker safety would be jeopardized by the existence of drugs in the workplace. Such employment situations would include all aspects of the transportation industry, as well as any occupation involving heavy machinery, production line equipment, and product manufacturing

Polyamory - The Multiple Complexities of Multiple Partners

This study is an exploration of the relationship between polyamory and how polyamorous people communicate about their relationship dynamics. Drawing from six individual interviews and one focus group, the author compares key language that appears in previous research to the language created by the study participants. Utilizing grounded theory for the analysis, results indicate that the language choices of sexual identity, sexual orientation, and/or relationship model are not sufficient for singularly encompassing a poly experience. Findings indicate that individuals who identify under the umbrella of consensual non-monogamy (CNM) may use the term polyamory to describe their own relationship dynamic or to generally signify themselves as CNM. Participants defined polyamory as an ambiguous, general term that included relationships of ethical consent and romantic interest. Although participants lacked specialized language to describe their respective relationship dynamics, polyamory was used as a way of creating language and understanding around each relationship\u27s dynamic

The Art and Craft of Aerial Dance

The Art and Craft of Aerial Dance discusses my personal experiences training and performing aerial dance, along with my study of safe practices in aerial rigging. My journey as a Theatre and Dance Honors-In-Discipline Scholar at East Tennessee State University from 2016-2020, culminated with my senior thesis capstone performance at Azure Aerial Arts on Friday, December 6th, 2019. This exploration into the world of aerial dance began in the spring of 2017 and has not ceased. If anything, the drive and motivation to continue pushing forward despite many obstacles continues to grow and manifest itself into new forms in my life. This drive, and my work as an intern with Night Owl Circus Arts (NOCA) at Azure Aerial Arts over the summer of 2019, propelled me to choose this topic as my final thesis because of all of my accomplishments at ETSU, this is one that I hold nearest and dearest to my heart

EARLY RESPONSES OF NORTHERN BOREAL VEGETATION TO POWER LINE RIGHT-OF-WAY MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES INCLUDING THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF IMAZAPYR AND TRICLOPYR TO NON-TARGET PLANTS

Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM) techniques on power line rights-of-way (ROWs) have successfully reduced environmental and economic costs of vegetation management by selecting techniques that facilitate the establishment of stable, low-growing plant communities. To test whether IVM principles can be applied to ROWs in northern Canada, I investigated the impacts of eight management strategies on plant communities in Yukon, Canada. Because forestry herbicide applications are not common in Yukon, I also examined the acute toxicity of imazapyr and triclopyr to non-target plants in standardized greenhouse tests with common boreal herbs. For treatments, triclopyr and imazapyr were each applied by three methods: broadcast spray, cut stump and point injection. Additional treatments were mechanical mowing or cutting target species and seeding native grasses. Vegetation cover surveys were completed before treatments and repeated after one year along with visual herbicide damage assessments. ROW plant communities were significantly altered by management methods one year after treatment, but clear directional changes were not yet evident. Herbicide treatments were more effective at target species control than mechanical methods. All treatments caused a minor reduction in non-target species cover. Imazapyr applications caused more damage to non-target species than triclopyr. Other treatment impacts were life form (e.g. shrub, forb, etc.) or species-specific. Vegetative vigour tests and seedling emergence and seedling growth tests in five ROW soils were used to assess toxicity of both herbicides to Achillea millefolium and Chamerion angustifolium. Test results supported field findings: imazapyr was more toxic than triclopyr. Foliar Inhibition Concentration (IC)50 estimates were 0.7 and 1.2% of the maximum imazapyr application rate vs. 31% for A. millefolium and triclopyr (C. angustifolium’s could not be calculated). Soil applied triclopyr caused IC50 estimates of 2-20 µg g-1 and imazapyr IC50 estimates were 50% of residues remained after 30 days and indicates further research into triclopyr dissipation and risks to wildlife in northern ecosystems is needed