Sorotipos, "mating type" e ploidia de amostras de C. neoformans isoladas de pacientes no Brasil

Serotype, mating type and ploidy of 84 strains of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from 61 AIDS and 23 non-AIDS patients admitted in a tertiary teaching hospital in São Paulo, Brazil were examined. Among 61 strains isolated from AIDS patients, 60 strains were var. grubii (serotype A). Only one strain was var. gattii (serotype B). No var. neoformans (serotype D) was found. Among 23 strains isolated from non-AIDS patients, 15 were var. grubii (serotype A) and the remaining 8 were var. gattii, all of which were serotype B. Seventy-three of the 75 serotype A strains were the heterothallic alpha type (MATalpha) and the remaining 2 were untypable (asexual). Most of the MATalpha strains (69/73) were haploid and the remaining 4 strains were diploid. Similarly, both of the 2 asexual strains among the 75 serotype A strains were haploid. There were no alpha-mating type (MATalpha) strains among the 84 isolates. All of the 8 var. gattii strains were serotype B and haploid. Among a total of 84 strains tested, neither serotype AD nor serotype D were found. Neither triploid nor tetraploid were found. These results suggest that the serological, sexual and ploidy characteristics in C. neoformans strains isolated from AIDS patients in São Paulo were rather simple, whereas strains isolated from non-AIDS patients presented serotype A and B with predominance of serotype A.Foram estudados os sorotipos, "mating type" e ploidia de 84 amostras de C. neoformans isoladas de 61 pacientes com AIDS e 23 não-AIDS em São Paulo. Das amostras isoladas de pacientes com AIDS, 60 foram identificadas como var. grubii (sorotipo A) e 1 como var. gattii (sorotipo B). Não houve isolamento do sorotipo D. Entre as amostras isoladas, de pacientes não-AIDS, 15 foram de var. grubii (sorotipo A) e as 8 restantes de var. gattii, todos do sorotipo B. Setenta e três dos 75 sorotipos A foram identificadas como cepas heterotálicas do fenótipo alfa (MATalfa) e as 2 remanescentes não-tipáveis (assexuada), eram haplóides. A maioria das cepas MATalfa (69/73) era haplóide sendo 4 diplóide. Não houve o isolamento de fenótipo a (MATa) entre as 84 cepas analisadas. Todas as 11 amostras de var. gattii eram do sorotipo B e haplóides. Não foram observados os sorotipos AD e C, nem células triplóides ou tetraplóides entre as 84 amostras estudadas. Os resultados sugerem, que as características sorológicas, sexuais e de ploidia de C. neoformans, isoladas de pacientes com AIDS em São Paulo, são particularmente simples, a maioria do sorotipo A, enquanto que nos pacientes não-AIDS foram observados tanto os sorotipos A quanto o B

The emergence of arboviruses changes the profile of viral meningitis in Salvador, Bahia: A case series

Background: Recently, different arboviruses became endemic in Brazil mostlycausing acute febrile illnesses, however, neurological manifestations have alsobeen reported. This study aimed to investigate which viruses were involved inthe meningitis etiology and the contribution of the circulating arboviruses inSalvador, Bahia, Brazil.Methods: From June 2014 to February 2016, 170 patients with suspected viralmeningitis were identified in Couto Maia Hospital, Salvador-BA, Brazil. TheirCSF samples were investigated for possible viral etiology by reversetranscription-PCR (RT-PCR) for different arboviruses: DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV;and for the EV; and by PCR for the HHV1-5 complex (HSV1-2, VZV, EBV andCMV). Also, ELISA was carried out in a subgroup of remaining samples fordetection of DENV IgM and NS1 antigen, CHIKV IgM and ZIKV IgM.Results: Thirty-seven patients were PCR or ELISA positive for at least one of thestudied viruses (overall positivity 21.8%). EV was the agent most frequentlydetected (10 cases; 27.0%), along with all four DENV serotypes (10 cases;27.0%); followed by CHIKV (6 cases; 16.2%), ZIKV (6 cases; 16.2%), and Varicellazoster virus (VZV) (1 case; 2.7%). Four cases (10.8%) presented viral co-infectiondetected: DENV1 + CHIKV, DENV1 + EV, DENV4 + ZIKV, and CHIKV + ZIKV.Arboviruses (DENV, CHIKV and ZIKV) accounted for the great majority of cases(26 cases; 70.3%) of all single and co-infections: DENV has been the mostfrequently detected arbovirus (13 cases; 35.1%). Among non-arboviralmeningitis,the most common etiology was the EV (11 cases; 29.7%).Conclusions: Arboviruses accounted for the majority of identified virusesamong patients with suspected viral meningitis. In areas where they areendemic it is crucial to increase viral surveillance and consider them in thedifferential diagnosis of meningitis.Fil: Dias, Tamiris T.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Tauro, Laura Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; ArgentinaFil: Macêdo, Lara E. N.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Brito, Liz O.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Ribeiro, Victor H. O.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Santos, Cleiton S.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Jacob-Nascimento, Leile C.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Vilas-Boas, Letícia S.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Amado, Caio. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Barbosa, Paula S.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Reis, Joice N.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Soares Campos, Gubio. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Ribeiro, Guilherme S.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Siqueira, Isadora C.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Silva, Luciano K.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; BrasilFil: Reis, Mitermayer G.. Fundación Oswaldo Cruz; Brasi

A computational method for the identification of dengue, zika and chikungunya virus species and genotypes

In recent years, an increasing number of outbreaks of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses have been reported in Asia and the Americas. Monitoring virus genotype diversity is crucial to understand the emergence and spread of outbreaks, both aspects that are vital to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. Hence, we developed an efficient method to classify virus sequences with respect to their species and sub-species (i.e. serotype and/or genotype). This tool provides an easy-to-use software implementation of this new method and was validated on a large dataset assessing the classification performance with respect to whole-genome sequences and partial-genome sequences.publishersversionpublishe

The influence of species abundance, diet and phylogenetic affinity on the co-occurrence of butterflyfishes

Understanding “why species are where they are” at different scales is one of the main focuses of ecological and biogeographical studies. Although ecological features, such as trophic group and species abundance, are thought to be more important for driving co-occurrence patterns at the habitat scale, it is not yet known if phylogenetic constraints can also exert some influence. Here, we studied global co-occurrence patterns of butterflyfishes in relation to species abundance, trophic characteristics, and evolutionary histories, specifically examining two questions—Question (1): does phylogenetic affinity and/or abundance explain co-occurrence at the habitat scale? To answer this, we used abundance data from 23 global localities to evaluate whether phylogenetic affinity alone as well as after accounting for differences in diet among sympatric species explains co-occurrences at the habitat scale. Question (2): are the diets of sister species from the Atlantic Ocean and the Eastern Pacific phylogenetically conserved? To examine this, we used a more detailed diet classification of species present within these realms. We found that phylogenetic distance per se fails to explain the co-occurrence of butterflyfish species pairs. Instead, species abundance exerted a major influence on interspecific co-occurrences. We also found no correlation between phylogenetic distance and diet similarities for Atlantic and East Pacific butterflyfishes; thus, in these regions, species' diets do not seem to be phylogenetically conserved. This suggests that evolutionary processes are not the main drivers of butterflyfish co-occurrence highlighting species' abundance and niche-related processes as the most important factors in determining whether species co-occur at the habitat scale

Performance of serological tests available in Brazil for the diagnosis of human visceral leishmaniasis.

BackgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of leishmaniasis and is potentially fatal if not diagnosed and treated. Accurate and timely diagnosis is considered one of the pillars needed for the reduction in disease-related lethality. Brazil is currently one of the three eco-epidemiological hotspots for this disease. Several serological tests are commercially available in this country for VL diagnosis, although information on the performance of these tests is fragmented and insufficient. The aim of this study was to directly compare the performance of six commercial kits: three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), two immunofluorescence antibody tests (IFATs), one immunochromatographic test (ICT), besides one ICT, currently not commercially available in Brazil and one in-house direct agglutination test (DAT-LPC), not yet marketed.Methodology/principal findingsA panel of 236 stored samples from patients with clinically suspected VL, including 77 HIV-infected patients, was tested. IT-LEISH and DAT-LPC showed the highest accuracy rate among the non-HIV-infected patients, 96.2% [CI95%: 92.8-99.7%] and 95.6% [CI95%: 91.9-99.3%], respectively. For the ELISA tests evaluated, the maximum accuracy was 91.2%, and in the inter HIV-status group analysis, no significant differences were observed. For both IFATs evaluated, the maximum accuracy was 84.3%, and a lower accuracy rate was observed among the HIV-infected patients (p = 0.039) than among the non-HIV-infected patients. The DAT-LPC was the most accurate test in the HIV-infected patients (p≤0.115). In general, no significant difference in accuracy was observed among the VL-suspected patients stratified by age.Conclusions/significanceIn summary, the differences in the performance of the tests available for VL in Brazil confirm the need for local studies before defining the diagnostic strategy

High HTLV-1 proviral load, a marker for HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, is also detected in patients with infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2012-12-07T21:31:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Primo, J et al High HTLV-1 proviral....pdf: 205691 bytes, checksum: 0ac849f5c55d22ee52eb1e0537361d3d (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-07T21:31:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Primo, J et al High HTLV-1 proviral....pdf: 205691 bytes, checksum: 0ac849f5c55d22ee52eb1e0537361d3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009Departamento de Medicina Interna. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Hospitalar Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Hospitalar Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos. Salvador, BA, BrasilDepartamento de Medicina Interna. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Hospitalar Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Hospitalar Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos. Salvador, BA, BrasilSalvador (BA, Brazil) is an endemic area for human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The overall prevalence of HTLV-1 infection in the general population has been estimated to be 1.76%. HTLV-1 carriers may develop a variety of diseases such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 (IDH). IDH is a chronic and severe form of childhood exudative and infective dermatitis involving mainly the scalp, neck and ears. It has recently been observed that 30% of patients with IDH develop juvenile HAM/TSP. The replication of HTLV-1 has been reported to be greater in adult HAM/TSP patients than in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers. In the current study, the proviral load of 28 children and adolescents with IDH not associated with HAM/TSP was determined and the results were compared to those obtained in 28 HTLV-1 adult carriers and 28 adult patients with HAM/TSP. The proviral load in IDH patients was similar to that of patients with HAM/TSP and much higher than that found in HTLV-1 carriers. The high levels of proviral load in IDH patients were not associated with age, duration of illness, duration of breast-feeding, or activity status of the skin disease. Since proviral load is associated with neurological disability, these data support the view that IDH patients are at high risk of developing HAM/TSP

Discordant congenital Zika virus infection in dizygotic twins: a case report

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-09-28T13:10:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida B Discordant congenital Zika virus infection....pdf: 91050 bytes, checksum: 317cd326a2baceea301e7f926ea3e4b0 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2018-09-28T13:31:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida B Discordant congenital Zika virus infection....pdf: 91050 bytes, checksum: 317cd326a2baceea301e7f926ea3e4b0 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-28T13:31:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida B Discordant congenital Zika virus infection....pdf: 91050 bytes, checksum: 317cd326a2baceea301e7f926ea3e4b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Salvador, BA BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Farmácia. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilBackground: Discordant clinical outcomes in congenital infectious disorders have been described, such as in Cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis and HIV infection, most of then in dizygotic twin pregnancies. In Brazil, since 2015, more than 2800 cases of congenital Zika infection (CZI) were confirmed. To date, three cases of discordant CZI infection in twins were reported, one case in monozygotic pregnancy and two cases in dizygotic twin pregnancies. Methods & Materials: Here, we describe a case report with the clinical presentation of discordant twin siblings, one with microcephal

Emergence of Congenital Zika Syndrome: Viewpoint From the Front lines

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-05-17T17:07:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa F Emergence....pdf: 702148 bytes, checksum: 39441d4edcee97c37fb825eb74289f4b (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-05-17T17:52:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa F Emergence....pdf: 702148 bytes, checksum: 39441d4edcee97c37fb825eb74289f4b (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T17:52:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa F Emergence....pdf: 702148 bytes, checksum: 39441d4edcee97c37fb825eb74289f4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Universidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, BrasilHospital Geral Roberto Santos. Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Maternidade Climerio de Oliveira. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilHospital Geral Roberto Santos. Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Saúde Coletiva. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilHospital Geral Roberto Santos. Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Maternidade Climerio de Oliveira. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia. Instituto de Ciências da Saúde. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversity of Texas. University Boulevard. Institute for Human Infections and Immunity. Galveston, TXYale School of Public Health. Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases. New HavenYale School of Public Health. Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases. New HavenHospital Geral Roberto Santos. Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, Brasi