21 research outputs found
Advances in Tomato and Tomato Compounds Research and Technology
Tomato is the fruit of Solanum lycopersicum L., a Solanaceae crop of worldwide
economic importance. Today, there are a large number of tomato cultivars and local
varieties with different morphological and sensory characteristics, as well as a wide range
of tomato-based foods. These are great dietary sources of micronutrients and bioactive
compounds, such as lycopene, vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, which have
been linked to many health-promoting effects (1). Several pre- and postharvest efforts
have been made to improve the quality of tomato fruit and derived food products, as
both tomato production and processing are being carried out under more sustainable
and innovative practices. This Research Topic features 12 papers covering relevant
subjects, including the production and processing of tomatoes and tomato-based foods
and ingredients, as well as the bioaccessibility and health-promoting effects of tomato
bioactive compounds.
Traditional varieties represent an important component of agricultural biodiversity
and play a vital role in the sustainability and security of the agri-food system (2).
In this sense, RaigĂłn et al. characterized morphological, nutritional, and chemical
characteristics of twoMalacara tomato cultivars (with red and yellow fruits) grown under
organic farming conditions. This type of cultivars (“Cuelga”) originates from Sierra de
Cádiz, Spain, is cultivated and harvested during the summer and tomato trusses are
hung from beams in the farmhouses for consumption during the winter; hence the
name “Cuelga” which stands for hanging. Themain differences among these small, pallid
tomatoes were mainly related to morphological parameters, but also to fiber, minerals
(Fe, Mg, Ca), and lycopene contents. 2-Phenylethanol was detected in both Malacara
cultivars, and the low concentration of aldehydes in this varietal type could be related to
its long shelf-life.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science
and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support
through national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020) and SusTEC
(LA/P/0007/2021) and to FCT for the contracts of JP
(CEECIND/01011/2018) and LB (CEEC Institutional).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Protein modification and maintenance systems as biomarkers of ageing
Changes in the abundance and post-translational modification of proteins and accumulation of some covalently modified proteins have been proposed to represent hallmarks of biological ageing. Within the frame of the Mark-Age project, the workpackage dedicated to "markers based on proteins and their modifications" has been firstly focused on enzymatic and non-enzymatic post-translational modifications of serum proteins by carbohydrates. The second focus of the workpackage has been directed towards protein maintenance systems that are involved either in protein quality control (ApoJ/Clusterin) or in the removal of oxidatively damaged proteins through degradation and repair (proteasome and methionine sulfoxide reductase systems). This review describes the most relevant features of these protein modifications and maintenance systems, their fate during ageing and/or their implication in ageing and longevity
Role of glyoxalases system in skin aging and in response to dicarbonyl mediated stress
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Rat peptide methionine sulphoxide reductase: cloning of the cDNA, and down-regulation of gene expression and enzyme activity during aging
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Autism and measles, mumps and rubella vaccine: no epidemiological evidence for a causal association
Background:
We undertook an epidemiological study to investigate whether measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine may be causally associated with autism.
Methods:
Children with autism born since 1979 were identified from special needs/disability registers and special schools in eight North Thames health districts, UK. Information from clinical records was linked to immunisation data held on the child health computing system. We looked for evidence of a change in trend in incidence or age at diagnosis associated with the introduction of MMR vaccination to the UK in 1988. Clustering of onsets within defined postvaccination periods was investigated by the case-series method.
Findings:
We identified 498 cases of autism (261 of core autism, 166 of atypical autism, and 71 of Asperger's syndrome). In 293 cases the diagnosis could be confirmed by the criteria of the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (ICD10: 214 [82%] core autism, 52 [31%] atypical autism, 27 [38%] Asperger's syndrome). There was a steady increase in cases by year of birth with no sudden "step-up" or change in the trend line after the introduction of MMR vaccination. There was no difference in age at diagnosis between the cases vaccinated before or after 18 months of age and those never vaccinated. There was no temporal association between onset of autism within 1 or 2 years after vaccination with MMR (relative incidence compared with control period 0.94 [95% CI 0.60-1.47] and 1.09 [0.79-1.52]). Developmental regression was not clustered in the months after vaccination (relative incidence within 2 months and 4 months after MMR vaccination 0.92 [0.38-2.21] and 1.00 [0.52-1.95]). No significant temporal clustering for age at onset of parental concern was seen for cases of core autism or atypical autism with the exception of a single interval within 6 months of MMR vaccination. This appeared to be an artifact related to the difficulty of defining precisely the onset of symptoms in this disorder.
Interpretation:
Our analyses do not support a causal association between MMR vaccine and autism. If such an association occurs, it is so rare that it could not be identified in this large regional sampl
Role of Oxidized Protein Repair in Human Skeletal Muscle
International audienceno abstrac
Circadian modulation of proteasome activity and accumulation of oxidized protein in human embryonic kidney HEK 293 cells and primary dermal fibroblasts
International audienceThe circadian system orchestrates the timing of physiological processes of an organism living in daily environmental changes. Disruption of circadian rhythmicity has been shown to result in increased oxidative stress and accelerated aging. The circadian regulation of antioxidant defenses suggests that other redox homeostasis elements such as oxidized protein degradation by the proteasome, could also be modulated by the circadian clock. Hence, we have investigated whether proteasome activities and oxidized protein levels would exhibit circadian rhythmicity in synchronized cultured mammalian cells and addressed the mechanisms underlying this process. Using synchronized human embryonic kidney HEK 293 cells and primary dermal fibroblasts, we have shown that the levels of carbonylated protein and proteasome activity vary rhythmically following a 24 hours period. Such a modulation of proteasome activity is explained, at least in part, by the circadian expression of both Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and the proteasome activator PA28αβ. HEK 293 cells showed an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress coincident with the circadian-dependent lower activity of the proteasome. Finally, in contrast to young fibroblasts, no circadian modulation of the proteasome activity and carbonylated protein levels was evidenced in senescent fibroblasts. This paper reports a novel role of the circadian system for regulating proteasome function. In addition, the observation that proteasome activity is modulated by the circadian clock opens new avenues for both the cancer and the aging fields, as exemplified by the rhythmic resistance of immortalized cells to oxidative stress and loss of rhythmicity of proteasome activity in senescent fibroblasts
The glyoxalase enzymes are differentially localized in epidermis and regulated during ageing and photoageing
International audienceno abstrac