La couverture du « livre vivant » fait-elle son histoire? : Tournez la page pour découvrir l'expérience vécue de « lecteurs » de la Bibliothèque vivante à l'égard des personnes ayant un trouble mental

La stigmatisation affecte d’une façon particulière les personnes ayant un trouble mental. Elle peut mener jusqu’à des comportements discriminatoires et dépouiller ces personnes de la reconnaissance sociale ou de la participation sociale auxquelles elles ont droit. Étant donné les différents défis auxquels ces personnes victimes de stigmatisation et de discrimination vivent, il importe de documenter les initiatives visant la réduction des préjugés. Cette étude traite d’initiative danoise, la Bibliothèque vivante, adaptée au Québec sous la dénomination d’À livres ouverts. Elle a pour objectif d’explorer l’expérience vécue des participants à cette activité surnommés les « lecteurs » tout en documentant les représentations sociales qu’ils ont des personnes ayant un trouble mental à partir de leur participation à l’activité. L’analyse des données recueillies auprès de 38 « lecteurs » révèle que les participants ont une perception relativement positive envers les personnes ayant un trouble mental. Cette perception des participants résulterait de leur contact auprès d’une personne présentant un tel trouble ayant été initié avant leur participation à l’activité. Mais l’expérience de cette initiative leur a permis d’enrichir les connaissances déjà acquises sur le sujet des troubles mentaux. Dans cette perspective, les résultats de l’étude montrent que l’expérience et le lien qu’ont les « lecteurs » envers ces personnes agissent positivement sur leur perception à l’égard de ces dernières. Cette relation semble effectivement permettre de mieux comprendre la réalité de ces personnes ainsi que d’accroitre leurs connaissances à leur sujet. Il apparaît que cette proximité a sensibilisé favorablement les « lecteurs » à cette problématique et a amenuisé leur perception péjorative des personnes ayant un trouble mental. Pourrait-on alors initier dès l’enfance les individus à l’empathie sociale en les jumelant avec des personnes de tous horizons afin d’éveiller leur ouverture d’esprit aux personnes présentant des différences de soi en s’inspirant du système éducatif actuel au Danemark ? Voilà une des suggestions qui émanent de ce mémoire.People with mental disorders are particularly affected by stigmatization, which can lead to discriminatory behaviors and can deprive them of their right to be acknowledged and to participate in society. Considering the various challenges of stigmatization and discrimination that these persons must face, it is important to document initiatives that aim to reduce prejudices. This study focuses on the Danish initiative, The Human Library, which was adapted in the province of Québec under the name of À livres ouverts. Its objective is to explore the experiences of the participants, known as “readers”, while documenting their way of perceiving people with mental disorders. The analysis of the data from the 38 “readers” revealed that participants have a relatively positive view of these people, which could be a result of them being in contact with each other during the activity. Experiencing this initiative allowed them to expand their knowledge of mental disorders. In this regard, the results of the study show that this experience and the connections they made with the other persons act positively on their perceptions toward them. This relationship seems to help them know more about these individuals and understand their realities. It seems that this proximity sensitized the “readers” to this issue and reduced their negative perceptions of people with mental disorders. Could we then draw from Denmark’s education system and introduce children to social empathy by pairing them up with people from all aspects of life? This could awaken their openness toward people who are different from them. This is one of the suggestions that emerge from this master’s thesis.Stigmatisering påvirker mennesker med psykiske lidelser på en særlig måde. Det kan føre til diskriminerende adfærd og hindre dem i social anerkendelse eller deltagelse i sociale sammenhænge, som de ellers burde være en del af. Hvis man iagttager de forskellige udfordringer, som disse stigmatiserede og diskriminerede personer står over for, er det vigtigt at kunne vise initiativer der mindsker disse fordomme. Dette studie omhandler det danske initiativ, ” Menneskebiblioteket”, som i Quebec eksisterer under navnet” À livres ouverts”. Formålet med dette studie er, at se på erfaringerne fra deltagere i denne aktivitet, som bliver kaldt "læserne, " når de bliver præsenteret for et menneske med en mental lidelse. Analysen af data, indsamlet fra 38 "læsere" afslører, at deltagerne har en relativt positiv opfattelse af personer med en psykisk lidelse. Denne opfattelse af deltagerne skyldes den kontakt med en person med en sådan lidelse, der er blevet indledt før deres deltagelse i aktiviteten. Erfaringen med dette initiativ har givet dem mulighed for at udvide den viden, de allerede har tilegnet sig om psykiske lidelser. I dette perspektiv viser resultatet af undersøgelsen, at erfaringerne og den relation, som "læserne" har med disse mennesker, har en positiv effekt på deres opfattelse af dem. Dette forhold synes at bidrage til en bedre forståelse af disse mennesker, samt at øge deres viden om dem. Det ser ud til, at denne nærhed har positiv effekt på "læserne" og har reduceret deres nedsættende opfattelse af personer med psykiske lidelser. Kunne man så, ved at lade sig inspirere af det nuværende tiltag i Danmark, allerede fra barndommen give individer social empati ved at sætte dem sammen med mennesker fra alle samfundslag for saa at give dem åbenhed overfor forskelligheder? Dette er et af de forslag, der udledes af dette speciale

La loi du lignage. Notes sur le système successoral florentin (XIVe/XVe-XVIIe siècle)

Cet article analyse la mise en place et l’évolution des règles de la succession ab intestat dans les statuts florentins entre 1325 et 1415. L’ample extension généalogique de l’exclusion des filles dotées de la succession du père et des agnats mâles et le classement des héritiers de la mère, qui laisse les filles hériter seulement en l’absence de leurs frères, neveux ex fratre et autres descendants mâles, déterminent un mode de transmission des biens fortement patrilinéaire qui constitue la clef de voûte du système lignager florentin. Au lendemain de la peste noire et jusqu’en 1415, le durcissement des normes qui disciplinent la transmission des héritages aux femmes et leurs droits de propriété sur ces biens non dotaux révèle une remarquable capacité de réaction des législateurs face aux conséquences successorales de la crise démographique.This essay focuses on the setting and the evolution of the inheritance system in the florentine statutes between 1325 and 1415. Daughters received a dowry which excluded them from their father’s inheritance, but the law also prevented them from inheriting from their mother if sons, grand-sons and other male descendents were still alive. After the black death and until 1415, the legislators reinforced these norms which ruled the transmission of inheritance to women and their property right over these non dotal goods. showing a great capacity of reaction to the inheritance consequences of the demographic crisis

Il matrimonio di Dante

L’articolo analizza l’esiguo corpus di documenti che riguardano il matrimonio tra Dante Alighieri e Gemma Donati. L’autrice propone innanzitutto alcune correzioni all’interpretazione dell’instrumentum dotis, perduto, e poi analizza i problemi sollevati dal documento, in particolare l’età degli sposi. Si passa poi ad analizzare la dote di Gemma in maniera comparativa con gli altri matrimoni dell’epoca a Firenze; ultima questione studiata è la restituzione della dote alla Donati nel quadro delle confische dei beni degli esiliati

Pet recycling: From enzyme and process optimization to an industrial plant

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Étude de faisabilité pour un portail mutualisé pour ​ la recherche de ressources éducatives numériques (REN) ​ et le dépôt de ressources éducatives libres (REL)​ : Colloque Numérique 2020

Présentation dans le cadre du Colloque Numérique 2020, les Journées du numérique en enseignement supérieur, les 2 et 3 novembre 2020, en ligne

Effect of drug utilization reviews on the quality of in-hospital prescribing: a quasi-experimental study

BACKGROUND: Drug utilization review (DUR) programs are being conducted in Canadian hospitals with the aim of improving the appropriateness of prescriptions. However, there is little evidence of their effectiveness. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of both a retrospective and a concurrent DUR programs on the quality of in-hospital prescribing. METHODS: We conducted an interrupted time series quasi-experimental study. Using explicit criteria for quality of prescribing, the natural history of cisapride prescription was established retrospectively in three university-affiliated hospitals. A retrospective DUR was implemented in one of the hospitals, a concurrent DUR in another, whereas the third hospital served as a control. An archivist abstracted records of all patients who were prescribed cisapride during the observation period. The effect of DURs relative to the control hospital was determined by comparing estimated regression coefficients from the time series models and by testing the statistical significance using a 2-tailed Student's t test. RESULTS: The concurrent DUR program significantly improved the appropriateness of prescriptions for the indication for use whereas the retrospective DUR brought about no significant effect on the quality of prescribing. CONCLUSION: Results suggest a retrospective DUR approach may not be sufficient to improve the quality of prescribing. However, a concurrent DUR strategy, with direct feedback to prescribers seems effective and should be tested in other settings with other drugs

Fibrilação atrial em atletas / Atrial fibrillation in athletes

Objetivos: Embasar na literatura a correlação existente na prática de exercícios físicos de alta potência praticadas por atletas e a incidência de fibrilação atrial. Métodos: Revisão integrativa com artigos selecionados nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo, Medline e Lilacs publicados entre os anos de 2011 e 2021, com ensaios e estudos clínicos, além de estudos observacionais. Os descritores utilizados foram: (athletes) AND (atrial fibrillation). Resultados: Alguns estudos apontaram uma baixa incidência de fibrilação atrial entre atletas de elite. Enquanto outros constataram que o treinamento de alta intensidade de atletas competitivos está relacionado a um maior risco de fibrilação atrial, principalmente homens saudáveis de meia idade, quando possuem uma frequência cardíaca menor que 100 bpm. Considerações finais: A Fibrilação atrial em atletas tem uma incidência maior em atletas do sexo masculino e mais velhos que realizam treinos de alta intensidade, visto que possuem como potenciais indutores o remodelamento cardíaco, a inflamação e a fibrose.

Mémento 2 : Résidences 1999-2000

This richly illustrated catalogue documents the work of 35 artists who took part in six residencies (including two events - La Cueillette and La Ruche) that took place in 1999 and 2000 at Centre Est-Nord-Est. The centre’s director, F. Michel, describes the nature and purpose of the residencies as well as that of the catalogue : to reflect each participant’s experience. Includes brief comments by the artist on their work and on their stay. Text in French and English. Biographical notes

Effects of Wolves on Elk and Cattle Behaviors: Implications for Livestock Production and Wolf Conservation

BACKGROUND: In many areas, livestock are grazed within wolf (Canis lupus) range. Predation and harassment of livestock by wolves creates conflict and is a significant challenge for wolf conservation. Wild prey, such as elk (Cervus elaphus), perform anti-predator behaviors. Artificial selection of cattle (Bos taurus) might have resulted in attenuation or absence of anti-predator responses, or in erratic and inconsistent responses. Regardless, such responses might have implications on stress and fitness. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We compared elk and cattle anti-predator responses to wolves in southwest Alberta, Canada within home ranges and livestock pastures, respectively. We deployed satellite- and GPS-telemetry collars on wolves, elk, and cattle (n = 16, 10 and 78, respectively) and measured seven prey response variables during periods of wolf presence and absence (speed, path sinuosity, time spent head-up, distance to neighboring animals, terrain ruggedness, slope and distance to forest). During independent periods of wolf presence (n = 72), individual elk increased path sinuosity (Z = -2.720, P = 0.007) and used more rugged terrain (Z = -2.856, P = 0.004) and steeper slopes (Z = -3.065, P = 0.002). For cattle, individual as well as group behavioral analyses were feasible and these indicated increased path sinuosity (Z = -2.720, P = 0.007) and decreased distance to neighbors (Z = -2.551, P = 0.011). In addition, cattle groups showed a number of behavioral changes concomitant to wolf visits, with variable direction in changes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggest both elk and cattle modify their behavior in relation to wolf presence, with potential energetic costs. Our study does not allow evaluating the efficacy of anti-predator behaviors, but indicates that artificial selection did not result in their absence in cattle. The costs of wolf predation on livestock are often compensated considering just the market value of the animal killed. However, society might consider refunding some additional costs (e.g., weight loss and reduced reproduction) that might be associated with the changes in cattle behaviors that we documented