Stabilité politique, autoritarisme et État rentier : le cas de la Malaysia

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

Cepheid models based on self-consistent stellar evolution and pulsation calculations: the right answer?

We have computed stellar evolutionary models for stars in a mass range characteristic of Cepheid variables (3) for different metallicities representative of the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds populations. The stellar evolution calculations are coupled to a linear non adiabatic stability analysis to get self-consistent mass-period-luminosity relations. The period - luminosity relation as a function of metallicity is analysed and compared to the recent EROS observations in the Magellanic Clouds. The models reproduce the observed width of the instability strips for the SMC and LMC. We determine a statistical P-L relationship, taking into account the evolutionary timescales and a mass distribution given by a Salpeter mass function. Excellent agreement is found with the SMC PL relationship determined by Sasselov et al. (1997). The models reproduce the change of slope in the P-L relationship near $P\sim 2.5$ days discovered recently by the EROS collaboration (Bauer 1997; Bauer et al. 1998) and thus explain this feature in term of stellar evolution. Some discrepancy, however, remains for the LMC Cepheids. The models are also in good agreement with Beat Cepheids observed by the MACHO and EROS collaborations. We show that most of the 1H/2H Beat Cepheids have not yet ignited central helium burning; they are just evolving off the Main Sequence toward the red giant branch.Comment: 18 pages, Latex file, uses aasms4.sty, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

Role Clarification Processes for Better Integration of Nurse Practitioners into Primary Healthcare Teams: A Multiple-Case Study

Cet article s'intéresse aux processus de clarification des rôles professionnels lors de l'intégration d'une infirmière praticienne spécialisée dans les équipes de première ligne au Québec.Role clarity is a crucial issue for effective interprofessional collaboration. Poorly defined roles can become a source of conflict in clinical teams and reduce the effectiveness of care and services delivered to the population. Our objective in this paper is to outline processes for clarifying professional roles when a new role is introduced into clinical teams, that of the primary healthcare nurse practitioner (PHCNP). To support our empirical analysis we used the Canadian National Interprofessional Competency Framework, which defines the essential components for role clarification among professionals. A qualitative multiple-case study was conducted on six cases in which the PHCNP role was introduced into primary care teams. Data collection included 34 semistructured interviews with key informants involved in the implementation of the PHCNP role. Our results revealed that the best performing primary care teams were those that used a variety of organizational and individual strategies to carry out role clarification processes. From this study, we conclude that role clarification is both an organizational process to be developed and a competency that each member of the primary care team must mobilize to ensure effective interprofessional collaboration.IRSC, MSS

Stresseurs psychosociaux académiques et détresse psychologique durant la formation infirmière

Introduction : La détresse psychologique est fréquente chez la population étudiante universitaire. Sa prévalence s’élève entre 26,6% et 65,3% chez des étudiant·es du domaine infirmier de divers pays pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. Les stresseurs psychosociaux académiques, parmi lesquels figurent la surcharge de travail et le manque de soutien social, semblent nuire à la santé mentale. Davantage d’études sont requises pour comprendre cette association, notamment en contexte de pandémie. Objectifs : Cette étude a été menée auprès d’étudiant·es du domaine infirmier du Québec durant la pandémie de COVID-19. Elle visait à 1) examiner la prévalence d’exposition aux stresseurs psychosociaux académiques et de détresse psychologique; 2) évaluer les associations entre les stresseurs psychosociaux académiques et la détresse psychologique. Méthode : Cette étude s’appuyait sur un devis corrélationnel transversal. Les données ont été collectées au moyen d’un questionnaire en ligne auto-administré auprès de 230 étudiant·es du domaine infirmier. Des modèles de régression Poisson robustes ont permis d’évaluer si les stresseurs (demandes psychologiques élevées, latitude décisionnelle faible, soutien social faible, reconnaissance faible, surinvestissement) accroissent la prévalence de la détresse psychologique (Kessler-6, où un résultat ≥7/24 correspond à une détresse psychologique élevée ou très élevée). Résultats : La détresse psychologique touchait 77% des étudiant·es. L’exposition était plus importante pour les demandes psychologiques élevées (75,65%) et le surinvestissement (53,91%). Après ajustement, seul le surinvestissement augmentait la prévalence de la détresse psychologique (RP : 1,91; IC95% 1,05-3,47). Discussion et conclusion : Les résultats s’alignent à ceux de recherches précédentes. Le surinvestissement est une caractéristique personnelle, mais il est possible qu’il soit encouragé par une surcharge de travail. Les résultats suggèrent que le surinvestissement ait un impact néfaste sur la santé mentale étudiante.Introduction : La détresse psychologique est fréquente chez la population étudiante universitaire. Sa prévalence s’élève entre 26,6% et 65,3% chez des étudiant·es du domaine infirmier de divers pays pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. Les stresseurs psychosociaux académiques, parmi lesquels figurent la surcharge de travail et le manque de soutien social, semblent nuire à la santé mentale. Davantage d’études sont requises pour comprendre cette association, notamment en contexte de pandémie. Objectifs : Cette étude a été menée auprès d’étudiant·es du domaine infirmier du Québec durant la pandémie de COVID-19. Elle visait à 1) examiner la prévalence d’exposition aux stresseurs psychosociaux académiques et de détresse psychologique; 2) évaluer les associations entre les stresseurs psychosociaux académiques et la détresse psychologique. Méthode : Cette étude s’appuyait sur un devis corrélationnel transversal. Les données ont été collectées au moyen d’un questionnaire en ligne auto-administré auprès de 230 étudiant·es du domaine infirmier. Des modèles de régression Poisson robustes ont permis d’évaluer si les stresseurs (demandes psychologiques élevées, latitude décisionnelle faible, soutien social faible, reconnaissance faible, surinvestissement) accroissent la prévalence de la détresse psychologique (Kessler-6, où un résultat ≥7/24 correspond à une détresse psychologique élevée ou très élevée). Résultats : La détresse psychologique touchait 77% des étudiant·es. L’exposition était plus importante pour les demandes psychologiques élevées (75,65%) et le surinvestissement (53,91%). Après ajustement, seul le surinvestissement augmentait la prévalence de la détresse psychologique (RP : 1,91; IC95% 1,05-3,47). Discussion et conclusion : Les résultats s’alignent à ceux de recherches précédentes. Le surinvestissement est une caractéristique personnelle, mais il est possible qu’il soit encouragé par une surcharge de travail. Les résultats suggèrent que le surinvestissement ait un impact néfaste sur la santé mentale étudiante

Structural and functional multiplatform MRI series of a single human volunteer over more than fifteen years

We present MRI data from a single human volunteer consisting in over 599 multi-contrast MR images (T1-weighted, T2-weighted, proton density, fuid-attenuated inversion recovery, T2* gradient-echo, difusion, susceptibility-weighted, arterial-spin labelled, and resting state BOLD functional connectivity imaging) acquired in over 73 sessions on 36 diferent scanners (13 models, three manufacturers) over the course of 15+ years (cf. Data records). Data included planned data collection acquired within the Consortium pour l’identifcation précoce de la maladie Alzheimer - Québec (CIMA-Q) and Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) studies, as well as opportunistic data collection from various protocols. These multiple within- and between-centre scans over a substantial time course of a single, cognitively healthy volunteer can be useful to answer a number of methodological questions of interest to the community

Next Steps from a School Gardening Partnership Conference (AGES: Academic Gardening to Enrich our Students): Expanding the Impact of School Gardens Through Higher Education, K-12 School and Community Coalitions

Research suggests that there are many benefits of school gardens for students, teachers and community. Not only can they help children eat more fruits and vegetables and be more physically active, they can help to create learning opportunities and increase teacher satisfaction. In Worcester, Massachusetts, a city with high poverty and food insecurity rates, a broad community coalition formed to brainstorm novel implementation models to improve the use and sustainability of school gardens. The group decided to foster new collaborations among higher education, K-12 schools and community organizations. The innovative idea was that higher education could meet their need for real-world application of various curricula, such as education, business, urban agriculture, marketing, horticulture, sustainable development, and engineering, through the implementation of school gardens. The resulting conference called AGES (Academic Gardening to Enrich our Students) united school teachers, professors, administration and community partners. The sessions featured information on: 1) successful models of higher education-K12 school garden partnerships, 2) building school gardening into the curriculum (psychosocial skills, STEM, environmental sciences, project-based learning, nutrition, healthy lifestyles), 3) research evidence on the benefits of school gardens, 4) strategies for building community through gardening, and 5) garden planning and maintenance. US Representative Jim McGovern was the keynote speaker, highlighting the importance of this collaborative work

Environmental impact of early palaeometallurgy: pollen and geochemical analysis

International audienceInterdisciplinary research was carried out in mid-level mountain areas in France with the aim of documenting historical mining and smelting activities by means of pollen and geochemical analyses. These investigations were made on cores collected in French peatlands in the Morvan (northern Massif Central), at Mont Lozère (southern Massif Central) and in the Basque Country (Pyrénées). Different periods of mining were recognised from Prehistory to modern times through the presence of anthropogenic lead in peat. Some of these were already known from archaeological dates or historical archives, especially for mediaeval and modern periods. However prehistoric ancient mining activities, as early as the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 1700 b.c.), were also discovered. They had all led to modifications in plant cover, probably related in part to forest clearance necessary to supply energy for mining and smelting

sFDvent: A global trait database for deep‐sea hydrothermal‐vent fauna

Motivation: Traits are increasingly being used to quantify global biodiversity patterns, with trait databases growing in size and number, across diverse taxa. Despite grow‐ ing interest in a trait‐based approach to the biodiversity of the deep sea, where the impacts of human activities (including seabed mining) accelerate, there is no single re‐ pository for species traits for deep‐sea chemosynthesis‐based ecosystems, including hydrothermal vents. Using an international, collaborative approach, we have compiled the first global‐scale trait database for deep‐sea hydrothermal‐vent fauna – sFD‐ vent (sDiv‐funded trait database for the Functional Diversity of vents). We formed a funded working group to select traits appropriate to: (a) capture the performance of vent species and their influence on ecosystem processes, and (b) compare trait‐based diversity in different ecosystems. Forty contributors, representing expertise across most known hydrothermal‐vent systems and taxa, scored species traits using online collaborative tools and shared workspaces. Here, we characterise the sFDvent da‐ tabase, describe our approach, and evaluate its scope. Finally, we compare the sFD‐ vent database to similar databases from shallow‐marine and terrestrial ecosystems to highlight how the sFDvent database can inform cross‐ecosystem comparisons. We also make the sFDvent database publicly available online by assigning a persistent, unique DOI. Main types of variable contained: Six hundred and forty‐six vent species names, associated location information (33 regions), and scores for 13 traits (in categories: community structure, generalist/specialist, geographic distribution, habitat use, life history, mobility, species associations, symbiont, and trophic structure). Contributor IDs, certainty scores, and references are also provided. Spatial location and grain: Global coverage (grain size: ocean basin), spanning eight ocean basins, including vents on 12 mid‐ocean ridges and 6 back‐arc spreading centres. Time period and grain: sFDvent includes information on deep‐sea vent species, and associated taxonomic updates, since they were first discovered in 1977. Time is not recorded. The database will be updated every 5 years. Major taxa and level of measurement: Deep‐sea hydrothermal‐vent fauna with spe‐ cies‐level identification present or in progress. Software format: .csv and MS Excel (.xlsx).This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited