975 research outputs found
Intellectual property as complex innovation projects component
The materials presented the possibilities development of intellectual property complex innovation projects modern highly effective science-based problems of improving the use of wastes of different industries on a complex enterprise that can provide all its energy needs alone. Some features of the possibilities of solving evidence-based problems of development of mechanisms for identifying syner-gistic processes, their scientific justification improving the use of wastes of different industries on a complex enterprise. The problem of wastes utilization and recycling is present as complex synergetic processes research and analysis of energy- and resource saving process-es for treatment of polymer wastes of various origin. The research focused on the study of issues such as the development of models of waste-modifying polymer. The investigation are focused in researching such problems as selection of scientific based methods of wastes to be utilized or recycled; the development of appropriated process flow sheets and choice of modifications additives and equipment for polymers waste recycling. The choice of appropriate plants with selected energy resources is very important for projects realization
An Update of the Regional Growth model for large and Mid-Size U.S. Metropolitan Areas: Northeast Ohio Dashboard Indicators: Executive Summary
New Clox Systems for rapid and efficient gene disruption in Candida albicans
Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Janet Quinn, Lila Kastora, Joanna Potrykus, Michelle Leach, and others for sharing their experiences with the Clox cassettes. We thank Julia Kohler for her kind gift of the NAT1-flipper plasmid pJK863, Claudia Jacob for her advice with In-fusion cloning, and our colleagues in the Aberdeen Fungal Group for numerous stimulating discussions. Data Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. The sequences of all Clox cassettes are available in GenBank: URA3-Clox (loxP-URA3-MET3p-cre-loxP): GenBank accession number KC999858. NAT1-Clox (loxP-NAT1-MET3p-cre-loxP): GenBank accession number KC999859. LAL (loxP-ARG4-loxP): GenBank accession number DQ015897. LHL (loxP-HIS1-loxP): GenBank accession number DQ015898. LUL (loxP-URA3-loxP): GenBank accession number DQ015899. Funding: This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust (www.wellcome.ac.uk): S.S., F.C.O., N.A.R.G., A.J.P.B. (080088); N.A.R.G., A.J.P.B. (097377). The authors also received support from the European Research Council [http://erc.europa.eu/]: DSC. ERB, AJPB (STRIFE Advanced Grant; C-2009-AdG-249793). The European Commission also provided funding [http://ec.europa.eu/research/fp7]: I.B., A.J.P.B. (FINSysB MC-ITN; PITN-GA-2008-214004). Also the UK Biotechnology and Biological Research Council provided support [www.bbsrc.ac.uk]: N.A.R.G., A.J.P.B. (Research Grant; BB/F00513X/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
A Simple Sub-Grid Model For Cosmic Ray Effects on Galactic Scales
Many recent numerical studies have argued that cosmic rays (CRs) from
supernovae (SNe) or active galactic nuclei (AGN) could play a crucial role in
galaxy formation, in particular by establishing a CR-pressure dominated
circum-galactic medium (CGM). But explicit CR-magneto-hydrodynamics (CR-MHD)
remains computationally expensive, and it is not clear whether it even makes
physical sense in simulations that do not explicitly treat magnetic fields or
resolved ISM phase structure. We therefore present an intentionally
extremely-simplified 'sub-grid' model for CRs, which attempts to capture the
key qualitative behaviors of greatest interest for those interested in
simulations or semi-analytic models including some approximate CR effects on
galactic (>kpc) scales, while imposing negligible computational overhead. The
model is numerically akin to some recently-developed sub-grid models for
radiative feedback, and allows for a simple constant parameterization of the CR
diffusivity and/or streaming speed; it allows for an arbitrary distribution of
sources (proportional to black hole accretion rates or star-particle SNe rates
or gas/galaxy star formation rates), and interpolates between the limits where
CRs escape the galaxies with negligible losses and those where CRs lose most of
their energy catastrophically before escape (relevant in e.g. starburst
galaxies). The numerical equations are solved trivially alongside gravity in
most codes. We compare this to explicit CR-MHD simulations and discuss where
the (many) sub-grid approximations break down, and what drives the major
sources of uncertainty.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to MNRAS. Comments welcom
REEXAMING THE ECONOMIC RECOVERY TAX ACT OF 1981: EVIDENCE FROM INNOVATIVE EFFICIENCY
The research objective of this article is to examine the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA) on innovative efficiency, which measures how effectively firms convert research spending and existing human capital into new patents and products. Research method- wise, this study measures innovative efficiency by dividing the number of new patents to average R&D expenses and analyses how innovative efficiency changed after the ERTA using regression. The main conclusion is that the ERTA tax credit decreased innovative efficiency and competitions for research resources could explain this reduction. These findings provide new insights on the effectiveness of R&D tax policies from the efficiency perspective. Policy makers should consider these findings when designing R&D tax policies in the future
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