W. Dilthey as an Expert Historian

The work is devoted to the analysis of W.Dilthey’s (1833-1911) heritage as a practical historian. There is a need for a deeper understanding of his views on the human studies in general. The purpose of this work is the analysis of concrete historical works of Dilthey in their interrelation with his theoretical and methodological views. According to the paper purpose, the tasks of the research are: to examine the main features of Dilthey’s theoretical and methodological views in their evolution; to observe the philosophical foundation of his works; to describe and to interpret the way he constructs historical reality in his works about Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment. The object of this paper is connection and interrelation of theoretical and practical works of Dilthey.

Emotional intelligence and behavior styles of Russian middle managers in business communication

The study focuses on emotional intelligence and preferred negotiating styles of managers at work. There were 162 respondents (22 to 60 years old, MD=36.38) from a Russian food manufacturing company approached to study their negotiating experience with clients, customers, vendors, etc. The following methods were used: the Emotional Intelligence ("EQ") Test, the Emotional Intelligence ("EmIn") Test, negotiating style determination procedure, "Your Business Communication Style" test, the Conflict Mode Instrument, and authors' questionnaire. Data was processed with Pearson’s r correlation and regression coefficient and factor analysis (main component analysis). Results of the study revealed a significant correlation between emotional intelligence and the preferred negotiating styles. As a result, it was concluded that people-oriented interaction style correlates with developed interpersonal emotional intelligence; their relationship is indirect with other variables in between. Regression analysis revealed a relationship between emotional intelligence and process orientation in negotiations. This study was the first one to theoretically develop and empirically test the possibility of studying a relationship between the levels of emotional intellect and preferred negotiating styles.peer-reviewe

Diagnosis and rational treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: an interdisciplinary expert consensus

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, significantly impairing well-being, quality of life and functioning of patients. The prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the Russian Federation ranges from 0.1% to 67.2% in type 1 and from 0.1 to 42.4% in type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, based on the large-scale epidemiological studies, the true prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is much higher (50 to 70%), with its painful variant occurring in 16% to 30% of patients. Despite the fact that diabetic peripheral neuropathy remains the most common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, its diagnosis and therapy leave much to be desired. To optimize diagnostic and treatment approaches to painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, a group of experts representing the leading Russian professional medical associations has developed clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and rational therapy of patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This document presents practical aspects of the clinical diagnosis of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy and an algorithm for differential diagnosis of pain in the lower extremities in patients with diabetes mellitus. The use of symptomatic analgesics with central action, such as anticonvulsants, antidepressants and opioids, is based on the main aspects of neuropathic pain pathophysiology. The characteristics of each drug class are given, with consideration of evidence on their efficacy, tolerability, and the possibility of combination therapy. The data on the first, second, and third lines of agents is presented in accordance with several international clinical guidelines. The need for a tailored drug choice, taking into account the evidence-based data on their efficacy and safety, concomitant drug therapy, tolerability, cost and preferences of the patient, age of the patient and concomitant disorders, is emphasized

3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial

Background: Liraglutide 3·0 mg was shown to reduce bodyweight and improve glucose metabolism after the 56-week period of this trial, one of four trials in the SCALE programme. In the 3-year assessment of the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes trial we aimed to evaluate the proportion of individuals with prediabetes who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Methods: In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adults with prediabetes and a body-mass index of at least 30 kg/m2, or at least 27 kg/m2 with comorbidities, were randomised 2:1, using a telephone or web-based system, to once-daily subcutaneous liraglutide 3·0 mg or matched placebo, as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. Time to diabetes onset by 160 weeks was the primary outcome, evaluated in all randomised treated individuals with at least one post-baseline assessment. The trial was conducted at 191 clinical research sites in 27 countries and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01272219. Findings: The study ran between June 1, 2011, and March 2, 2015. We randomly assigned 2254 patients to receive liraglutide (n=1505) or placebo (n=749). 1128 (50%) participants completed the study up to week 160, after withdrawal of 714 (47%) participants in the liraglutide group and 412 (55%) participants in the placebo group. By week 160, 26 (2%) of 1472 individuals in the liraglutide group versus 46 (6%) of 738 in the placebo group were diagnosed with diabetes while on treatment. The mean time from randomisation to diagnosis was 99 (SD 47) weeks for the 26 individuals in the liraglutide group versus 87 (47) weeks for the 46 individuals in the placebo group. Taking the different diagnosis frequencies between the treatment groups into account, the time to onset of diabetes over 160 weeks among all randomised individuals was 2·7 times longer with liraglutide than with placebo (95% CI 1·9 to 3·9, p<0·0001), corresponding with a hazard ratio of 0·21 (95% CI 0·13–0·34). Liraglutide induced greater weight loss than placebo at week 160 (–6·1 [SD 7·3] vs −1·9% [6·3]; estimated treatment difference −4·3%, 95% CI −4·9 to −3·7, p<0·0001). Serious adverse events were reported by 227 (15%) of 1501 randomised treated individuals in the liraglutide group versus 96 (13%) of 747 individuals in the placebo group. Interpretation: In this trial, we provide results for 3 years of treatment, with the limitation that withdrawn individuals were not followed up after discontinuation. Liraglutide 3·0 mg might provide health benefits in terms of reduced risk of diabetes in individuals with obesity and prediabetes. Funding: Novo Nordisk, Denmark

Agriculture as a factor of sustainable development in the Republic of South Ossetia

In the recent history of the Republic of South Ossetia many projects aimed at providing the financial and economic basis for the country’s sustainable development have been put forward. Some experts believed that the revenues from exporting mineral water alone are sufficient for the economic prosperity of South Ossetia; other experts suggested developing forestry in order to fill the state budget. Many hopes were also attached to the creation of modern production facilities based on nanotechnology and electronics. However, potential investors considered the initiated high-tech production to be high-risk, and the implemented projects in the light and construction industries did not bring expected benefits. Agriculture of South Ossetia has sharply declined after the wars in the course of formation of statehood 1991-1992 and 2008, but with an effective state policy for the integrated development of rural areas in the near future it can ensure the country’s food security, create a basis for further competitive development of the economy, and facilitate the return of the country’s residents who migrated as a result of two wars. Based on the international experience of state support, the article defines the factors of sustainable development of rural areas in the Republic of South Ossetia

Modeling Multivalued Dynamic Series of Financial Indexes on the Basis of Minimax Approximation

In this article, the problem of modeling a time series using the Minimax method is considered. The expediency of using Minimax to identify points of change in trends and the range of changes in the graphical figures of technical analysis is justified. Spline approximation of the dynamic process with range constraints was performed to improve the quality of the model. Investors are advised to refrain from making hasty decisions in favor of holding reliable shares (such as PJSC Novatek shares), rather than selling them. The purchase of new shares should be carefully analyzed. Through an approximation of the dynamic number of the applicable optimization problem of minimizing the maximum Hausdorff distances between the ranges of the dynamic series and the values of the approximating function, the applied approach can provide reliable justification for signals to buy shares. Energy policy occupies the highest place in the list of progress ratings according to news analytics of businesses related to the energy sector of the economy. At the same time, statistical indicators and technologies of expert developments in this field, including intellectual analysis, can become an important basis for the development of a robotic knowledge program in the field under study, an organic addition to which is the authors’ methodology of development in energy economics as in energy policy. This paper examines the model of approximation of the multivalued time series of PJSC Novatek, represented as a series of ranges of numerical values of the indicators of financial markets, with constraints on the approximating function. The authors consider it advisable for promising companies to apply this approach for successful long-term investment

Modeling Multivalued Dynamic Series of Financial Indexes on the Basis of Minimax Approximation

In this article, the problem of modeling a time series using the Minimax method is considered. The expediency of using Minimax to identify points of change in trends and the range of changes in the graphical figures of technical analysis is justified. Spline approximation of the dynamic process with range constraints was performed to improve the quality of the model. Investors are advised to refrain from making hasty decisions in favor of holding reliable shares (such as PJSC Novatek shares), rather than selling them. The purchase of new shares should be carefully analyzed. Through an approximation of the dynamic number of the applicable optimization problem of minimizing the maximum Hausdorff distances between the ranges of the dynamic series and the values of the approximating function, the applied approach can provide reliable justification for signals to buy shares. Energy policy occupies the highest place in the list of progress ratings according to news analytics of businesses related to the energy sector of the economy. At the same time, statistical indicators and technologies of expert developments in this field, including intellectual analysis, can become an important basis for the development of a robotic knowledge program in the field under study, an organic addition to which is the authors’ methodology of development in energy economics as in energy policy. This paper examines the model of approximation of the multivalued time series of PJSC Novatek, represented as a series of ranges of numerical values of the indicators of financial markets, with constraints on the approximating function. The authors consider it advisable for promising companies to apply this approach for successful long-term investment

Predictors of response to treatment with actovegin for 6 months in patients with type 2 diabetes and symptomatic polyneuropathy

AIMS: To evaluate two definitions of response and the predictive value of baseline covariates for response to actovegin treatment in type 2 diabetic patients with symptomatic diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). METHODS: Response to 6-months treatment with actovegin or placebo was defined as a clinically meaningful decline from baseline to 6 months in (1) both Neuropathy Impairment Score of Lower Limbs (NIS-LL) ≥2 points and Total Symptom Score (TSS) >50% and (2) NIS-LL ≥2 points only. Nineteen baseline covariates were evaluated using separate logistic regression models and either both NIS-LL and TSS or NIS-LL response definitions. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analysis included 567 patients. Actovegin treatment compared to placebo was associated with better odds of response (OR [95% CI] of 1.73 [1.21–2.48] for definition 1 and 1.94 [1.33–2.84] for definition 2). Significant interaction with actovegin treatment was noted only for baseline use of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)/angiotensinogen converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), resulting in a reduced treatment response (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Actovegin treatment was associated with a clinically meaningful response in neuropathic symptoms and/or impairments in patients with symptomatic DSPN. Since only one predictor of response to actovegin treatment was identified, this drug seems an appropriate therapy for the majority of patients with DSPN

Screening, diagnosis and management of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy in clinical practice

Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) affects around one third of people with diabetes and accounts for considerable morbidity, increased risk of mortality, reduced quality of life, and increased health care costs resulting particularly from neuropathic pain and foot ulcers. Painful DSPN is encountered in 13-26% of diabetes patients, while up to 50% of patients with DSPN may be asymptomatic. Unfortunately, DSPN still remains inadequately diagnosed and treated. Herein we provide international expert consensus recommendations and algorithms for screening, diagnosis, and treatment of DSPN in clinical practice derived from a Delphi process. Typical neuropathic symptoms include pain, paresthesias, and numbness particularly in the feet and calves. Clinical diagnosis of DSPN is based on neuropathic symptoms and signs (deficits). Management of DSPN includes three cornerstones: 1.) lifestyle modification, optimal diabetes treatment aimed at near-normoglycemia, and multifactorial cardiovascular risk intervention, 2.) pathogenetically oriented pharmacotherapy (e.g. α-lipoic acid and benfotiamine), and 3.) symptomatic treatment of neuropathic pain including analgesic pharmacotherapy (antidepressants, anticonvulsants, opioids, capsaicin 8% patch and combinations, if required) and non-pharmacological options. Considering the individual risk profile, pain management should not only aim at pain relief, but also allow for improvement in quality of sleep, functionality, and general quality of life