Određivanje etanola u čokoladnim desertima i u punjenoj čokoladi s pomoću kapilarne plinske kromatografije

The paper describes a simple gas chromatographic method for quantification of ethanol in distillates of chocolate shell pralines and fillings. The samples were prepared in two steps. The first step consisted of ethanol distillation from the product and the second involved capillary gas chromatography of 10% v/v distillate with expected ethanol content between 0.06% and 2.5% w/w. Quantification was carried out using iso-propanol as internal standard. The range of linear method response was 0.05–3.16% w/w of ethanol, which corresponded to products with ethanol content between 0.5 and 31.6% w/w. The detection limit was 0.0158% w/w and the quantification limit was 0.058% w/w of ethanol with the relative standard deviation of 2.5%.Predstavljena je plinskokromatografska metoda određivanja sadržaja etanola u čokoladnim desertima i punjenim čokoladama na kapilarnoj koloni. Ponajprije, ova je metoda uvedena kao rutinski postupak u osiguranju kvalitete sirovina i gotovih proizvoda u »Krašu«. Metoda se provodi u dva koraka. Prvi je korak destilacija proizvoda, a zatim slijedi plinska kromatografija 10% v/v destilata uz očekivani maseni udio etanola između 0,06 i 2,5%, što odgovara masenom udjelu etanola u gotovom proizvodu od 0,6 do 25,0%. Maseni udio etanola određivan je uz izopropanol kao interni standard. Testiranjem pojedinih parametara validacije metode dokazano je da metoda odgovara prethodno postavljenim zahtjevima. Linearnost metode određena je za raspon masenog udjela etanola u gotovom proizvodu od 0,5 do 31,6%. Granica detekcije određena je kod masenog udjela etanola od 0,16% u gotovom proizvodu, a granica kvantifikacije kod 0,6% u gotovom proizvodu uz relativnu standardnu devijaciju od 2,5%. Pokazalo se da je metoda linearna i precizna za traženi raspon koncentracije etanola te da se može primijeniti za različite proizvode

MTHFR C677T i protrombin G20210A mutacije u bolesnice iz Dalmacije s tihim moždanim udarom

A 55-year-old, previously healthy woman, presented with frequent headaches. She had no neurological disturbances, but had a positive family history; her father died from stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging showed brain infarction; therefore detailed diagnostic evaluation of thrombophilia markers and genetic testing were performed. The patient was found to be homozygous for the C677T mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and heterozygous for the mutation of the prothrombin G20210A gene. No other cause of cerebral infarction was found in the patient.Prikazuje se slučaj dotad zdrave 55-godišnje bolesnice koja se javlja s učestalim glavoboljama. Nije imala nikakve neurološke ispade, ali je imala pozitivnu obiteljsku anamnezu. Otac joj je umro od moždanog udara. Magnetna rezonanca je pokazala infarkt mozga zbog čega je napravljena detaljna dijagnostička evaluacija tromboembolijskih biljega te genetska ispitivanja. Utvrđeno je da je bolesnica homozigot za mutaciju C677T gena metilentetrahidrofolat reduktaze i heterozigot za mutaciju gena protrombina G20210A. Nije pronađen nijedan drugi uzrok moždanog udara

Artroskopsko liječenje ozljeda meniska u adolescenata: usporedba tehnike šivanja izvana-unutra i meniskealnih strelica

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and subjective outcomes of the meniscal dart technique in patients having undergone arthroscopic meniscal repair by comparing it with the outside-in suturing technique. From January 2006 until June 2017, case records of 37 patients having undergone arthroscopic meniscal repair were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups based on the technique used for meniscal repair, as follows: 18 patients in suture technique group and 19 patients in meniscal dart group. Each patient was analyzed for the following parameters: age, gender, mechanism of injury, side of injury and injured meniscus, injury localization regarding anatomic position, injury type and associated injuries. The patients that underwent meniscal repair were analyzed for type of repair technique, operating results and results of follow-up (Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups according to clinical outcomes except for anatomic injury localization (p=0.035). Median of operation time was 62.5 min in suture technique group and 70 min in meniscal dart group (p=0.184); median of hospital stay was 2 days for both groups (p=0.951); median of Lysholm score was 86.5 and 84.5 (p=0.651); and median of IKDC score was 81.05 and 81.6, respectively (p=0.986). Understanding the harmful impact of meniscectomy, arthroscopic meniscal repair should be attempted whenever possible. Our data support arthroscopic repair of meniscal tears, since both the suture technique and the meniscal dart technique are safe and successful in meniscal repair in children, with good long-term results and without important complications.Cilj ovoga istraživanja je bio analizirati kliničke i subjektivne ishode liječenja u bolesnika operiranih zbog ozljeda meniska te usporediti dvije skupine bolesnika operiranih različitim tehnikama popravka meniska. Od siječnja 2006. do lipnja 2017. godine u studiju je uključeno 37 bolesnika koji su liječeni artroskopski zbog rupture meniska. Bolesnici su podijeljeni u dvije skupine ovisno o vrsti kirurškog zahvata: jednu skupinu skupinu činilo je 18 bolesnika u kojih je meniskus šivan tehnikom postavljanja šavova, a drugu 19 bolesnika u kojih su upotrebljene strelice za fiksaciju meniska. Svakom ispitaniku analizirani su sljedeći parametri: dob, spol, mehanizam nastanka ozljede, lateralizacija ozljede i meniska, anatomska lokalizacija ozljede i pridružene ozljede. Ispitanicima koji su podvrgnuti tehnikama popravka meniska analizirani su još i vrsta kirurške tehnike popravka meniska, rezultati subjektivne evaluacije 4 tjedna nakon operacije putem upitnika Lysholm i IKDC (International Knee Documentation Committee) te komplikacije nakon operacije. Između skupina bolesnika operiranih tehnikom postavljanja šavova i tehnikom fiksacije meniska strelicama nije bilo značajne razlike u promatranim ishodima liječenja, osim za anatomsku lokalizaciju ozljede (p=0,035). Medijani operacijskog vremena u skupini bolesnika operiranih tehnikom postavljanja šavova iznosio je 62,5 min, dok je u skupini fiksacije meniska strelicama medijan operacijskog vremena iznosio 70 minuta (p=0,184). Medijan duljine hospitalizacije bio je 2 dana za obje skupine (p=0,951). Medijan vrijednosti ljestvice Lysholm za promatrane skupine bio je 86,5 i 84,5 (p=0,651), a ljestvice IKDC 81,05 i 81,6 (p=0,986). Poznavajući štetne učinke meniskektomije, tehnika popravka meniska je dugoročnije bolji odabir i trebala bi se provoditi kadgod je to moguće. Obje tehnike (tehnika postavljanja šavova i tehnika fiksacije meniska strelicama) su sigurne i uspješne u liječenju ruptura meniska u djece, bez značajnijih komplikacija te s dobrim dugoročnim rezultatima

Multipli intrakranijski švanomi: prikaz slučaja

Schwannomas are benign encapsulated tumors arising from the sheaths of peripheral nerves. They present as slowly enlarging solitary lumps, which may cause neurological defects. Multiple schwannomas in non-neurofibromatosis type 2 patients are extremely rare. We report a case of a 60-year-old female patient, without any family history of neurofibromatosis or schwannomatosis, presented with trigeminal neuralgia and progressive facial nerve palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of acoustic schwannoma involving facial nerve and trigeminal schwannoma of the cisternal part of the nerve involving gasserian ganglion (Meckel’s cave). After gamma knife radiosurgery, trigeminal neuralgia was relieved completely with improvement of facial nerve palsy.Švanomi su dobroćudni inkapsulirani tumori koji potječu iz ovojnica perifernih živaca. Najčešće se javljaju kao pojedinačni sporo rastući tumori koji mogu uzrokovati neurološke deficite. Mnogostruki švanomi su iznimno rijetki u bolesnika koji nemaju neurofibromatozu tip 2. Prikazujemo slučaj 60-godišnje bolesnice s negativnom obiteljskom anamnezom za neurofibromatozu ili švanomatozu, koja se prezentirala s neuralgijom trigeminusa i progresivnom paralizom facijalnog živca. Magnetska rezonanca prikazala je prisutnost akustičnog švanoma sa zahvaćanjem i facijalnog živca te švanoma cisternalnog dijela trigeminalnog živca sa širenjem u područje gangliona istog (Meckelova šupljina). Nakon “gamma knife” radiokirurgije simptomi trigeminalne neuralgije su se u potpunosti povukli uz značajno kliničko poboljšanje paralize facijalnog živca

Kronika

Kronik

Kronika

Kronik

Progression of Optic Neuritis to Multiple Sclerosis in the County of Split-Dalmatia, Croatia

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of monosymptomatic optic neuritis (MON) and progression of MON to multiple sclerosis (MS) from the Mediterranean region of southern Europe in the County of Split-Dalmatia, Croatia during the 11 years period from 1991 to 2001. This study was made retrospectively on the 87 cases (59 female, aged 25.9±11.3 and 28 male aged 29.9±9.2) of MON, which were treated at the Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Neurology, Split, University Hospital, from January 1991 to December 2001. In each case the diagnosis was confirmed by a chart review and cases were ascribed to the data of admittance at hospital. The annual incidence of MON was 1.9 per 100,000 (95% CI, 0.4–3.5). The incidence among males was 1.2 (95% CI, 0–2.9) cases / 100,000 per year and 2.5 (95% CI, 0.1–4.9) among females. A significant seasonal variations in the incidence of MON was not found (c 2=6.81, p=0.08). MS developed in 20 of 87 patients (22.9%) and median time was 25 (SE 8) months, (95% CI, 9–41) after the MON onset. After two years 12.6% of patients with MON developed MS, 20.6% after 5 years and 22.9% after 10 years. MS was slightly but not significantly more frequent in women than in men (c 2 =0.72, p=0.3). In conclusion, the progression of MON to MS in the County of Split-Dalmatia, Croatia was at a relatively moderate frequency

Neurotoxicity that May Mimic Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Patient with Transplanted Kidney

We present the 55-year old woman who has had kidney transplantation three times. She has been treated with immunosuppressive therapy and lamivudine for hepatitis B and C. Nine years after the last transplantation she showed neurological symptoms that presented in the form of confusion and epileptic seizures of the grand mal type. A brain MRI showed large oval zones of hyperintense MR signal in T2- weighted image and hypointense in T1- weighted image around the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles, bilaterally and in both cerebellar hemispheres. After reduction in immunosuppression and the exclusion of lamivudine from therapy, the patient was stable with normal neurological status during the course of next five years. We start from the assumption that the concomitant use of cyclosporin with mycophenolate mofetil and lamivudine, despite normal concentrations of cyclosporin, might cause the accumulation of toxic metabolites and lead to neurotoxicity that mimics PML in a chronic viral environment

Životinje u frazeološkom ruhu

Životinje u frazeološkom ruhu zbornik je većega dijela radova izloženih na međunarodnom znanstvenom skupu Animalistički frazemi u slavenskim jezicima. Skup je održan 21. i 22. ožujka 2014. godine na zagrebačkom Filozofskom fakultetu u sklopu istoimenoga istraživanja kojem je Sveučilište u Zagrebu dodijelilo potporu u studenom 2013. godine. Na skupu je sudjelovalo 49 znanstvenika: 22 iz Hrvatske te 27 iz Bosne i Hercegovine, Bugarske, Mađarske, Makedonije, Poljske, Slovačke i Slovenije. Zbornik sadržava recenzirane znanstvene radove u kojima se propituje zastupljenost naziva životinja u različitim frazeološkim jedinicama slavenskih, ali i romanskih te germanskih jezika, ukazuje na njihovu pragmatičnu i kulturološku važnost te pruža uvid u suvremene frazeološke tendencije primijenjene i na odabranu skupinu frazema. (iz Predgovora / Ivana Vidović Bolt

Quality of wine produced from cherry marasca

Voćna vina jesu poljoprivredni prehrambeni proizvodi dobiveni fermentacijom soka ili masulja svježeg i za to pripremljenog voća. Procjena kakvoće vina bazira se na određivanju parametara propisanih zakonskom regulativom. Provedena je alkoholna fermentacija masulja višnje Maraske s ciljem proizvodnje voćnog vina. Fermentacija je provedena u laboratorijskim uvjetima pri sobnoj temperaturi. Korišteni su selekcionirani kvasci trgovačkog naziva ''Fermol Rouge'' s time da su u pojedine uzorke prije fermentacije dodani pektolitički enzimi, hrana za kvasce te je provedena jabučno-mliječna fermentacija. Kvaliteta dobivenih proizvoda procijenjena je provođenjem fizikalno-kemijskih analiza, određivanjem ukupnih fenola, antocijana i senzorskom analizom. Dobiveni rezultati su pokazali da su u primijenjenim uvjetima fermentacije dobivena vina vrlo slična po fizikalno-kemijskom sastavu i udjelu fenolnih tvari i tvari boje. Senzorskom analizom je najbolje ocijenjeno vino u kojem je provedena jabučno-mliječna fermentacija (vino 7, vino 8).Fruit wines are products obtained after complete or partial alcoholic fermentation of must or fruit. Quality evaluation of wines is based on determination of parameters regulated by legislation. With purpose to produce fruit wine from cherry Marasca, alcoholic fermentation was provided in laborotry at room temperature. Yeast starter culture strains (called ''Fermol Rouge'') were using for production of fruit wine, but before fermentation has started, in some samples, enzymes, food for yeasts and bacteria for MLF were added. Quality of final products were evalutaed providing physico-chemical analysis, determining phenols compounds, anthocyanins and providing sensory analysis. The results suggested that the samples of fruit wines had a very simillar characteristic. Sensory evaluation showed that the best organoleptic characteristic had fruit wines with provided MLF (wines 7 and 8)