HRANJIVA VRIJEDNOST VINASSE KAO KRMIVA ZA PREŽIVAČE

The analysis of sugar beet vinasse, originating as the condensed molasses residue from yeast production, and the effect of vinasse on rumen fermentation, protozoa population and digestibility of nutrients was investigated in two experiments. In the first experiment, a ration containing vinasse and wheat straw was fed ad libitum and voluntary feed intake for each sheep was measured. In the second experiment, four rumen fistulated Zandy sheep (40±0.5 kg BW) were assigned in a change over design in order to investigate the effects of vinasse on animal performance. At 2h post-feeding the ruminal pH value was decreased (p<0.005) in treatment groups. The ruminal NH3-N and protozoa population of rumen fluids were increased in all treatment groups. Compared to the control groups, voluntary feed intake and diet digestibility were higher in treatment groups. It can be concluded that the use of vinasse at the level of 100 g/kg DM of the TMR diet per sheep per day could improve the ruminal fermentation and voluntary feed intake and also diet digestibility, resulting in a relatively better performance.U dva su pokusa analizirani vinassa šećerne repe iz ostataka kondenzirane melase u proizvodnji kvasca i djelovanje vinasse na fermentaciju u buragu, populaciju protozoa i probavljivost hranjiva. U prvom pokusu ovce su dobivale obrok koji je sadržavao vinassu i pšeničnu slamu po volji, a dobrovoljni unos hrane mjeren je za svaku ovcu. U drugom pokusu četiri su Zandy ovce s fistuliranim buragom izabrane za ispitivanje djelovanja vinasse na proizvodne rezultate životinja. Dva sata nakon hranjenja pH vrijednost se snizila (p<0.005) u pokusnim skupinama. NH3-N i populacija protozoa u tekućini buraga porasli su u svim pokusnim skupinama. U usporedbi s kontrolnim skupinama dobrovoljni unos hrane i probavljivost obroka bili su viši u pokusnim skupinama. Može se zaključiti da primjena vinasse na razini od 100 g/kg DM TMR obroka po ovci može poboljšati fermentaciju u buragu i dobrovoljno uzimanje hrane kao i probavljivost obroka, te dati relativno bolje rezultate

Identifying the favored mutation in a positive selective sweep.

Most approaches that capture signatures of selective sweeps in population genomics data do not identify the specific mutation favored by selection. We present iSAFE (for "integrated selection of allele favored by evolution"), a method that enables researchers to accurately pinpoint the favored mutation in a large region (∼5 Mbp) by using a statistic derived solely from population genetics signals. iSAFE does not require knowledge of demography, the phenotype under selection, or functional annotations of mutations

The Effect of Rod Bending on Long-term Lumbar Sagittal Parameters in Spondylolisthesis Patients Treated With Short Segment Posterior Fusion: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background and Aim: Although rod bending is a universal method for maintaining lumbar lordosis (LL), its long-term efficacy in short-segment posterior fusion is still a challenge. This study aimed at evaluating the long-term effect of rod bending in patients with grade one L4/L5 spondylolisthesis with a short segment fusion. Methods and Materials/Patients: A double-blind prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted from 2016 to 2018 and patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. The participants were randomized into two treatment arms: open posterior fusion with rod bending and without rod bending. The baseline data, including leg and back pain scores, were evaluated before surgery. Lumbar, focal, and segmental lordosis were measured before surgery. After surgery and a one-year follow-up, pain scores and lordosis measurements were re-evaluated and compared between and within groups. Results: A total of 60 patients were analyzed. Leg and back pain scores improved significantly after the follow-up in both groups (P<0.0001). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups before and after the surgery. LL did not change in either group after surgery. Focal and segmental lordosis significantly increased in both groups but showed no difference between the groups at either time. Complications were not significantly different in either group. Conclusion: In this study, no significant difference concerning the radiological and pain outcomes was observed in either group; therefore, rod bending to reach the desired LL may be an unnecessary spend of time

An Introduction to Advanced Machine Learning : Meta Learning Algorithms, Applications and Promises

In [1, 2], we have explored the theoretical aspects of feature extraction optimization processes for solving largescale problems and overcoming machine learning limitations. Majority of optimization algorithms that have been introduced in [1, 2] guarantee the optimal performance of supervised learning, given offline and discrete data, to deal with curse of dimensionality (CoD) problem. These algorithms, however, are not tailored for solving emerging learning problems. One of the important issues caused by online data is lack of sufficient samples per class. Further, traditional machine learning algorithms cannot achieve accurate training based on limited distributed data, as data has proliferated and dispersed significantly. Machine learning employs a strict model or embedded engine to train and predict which still fails to learn unseen classes and sufficiently use online data. In this chapter, we introduce these challenges elaborately. We further investigate Meta-Learning (MTL) algorithm, and their application and promises to solve the emerging problems by answering how autonomous agents can learn to learn?

RFID Mutual Authentication Protocols based on Gene Mutation and Transfer

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that is very popular due to the simplicity in its technology and high adaptability in a variety of areas. The simplicity in the technology, however, comes with a caveat – RFID tags have severe resource restrictions, which make them vulnerable to a range of security attacks. Such vulnerability often results in the loss of privacy of the tag owner and other attacks on tags. Previous research in RFID security has mainly focused on authenticating entities such as readers / servers, which communicate with the tag. Any security mechanism is only as strong as the encryption keys used. Since RFID communication is wireless, critical messages such as key exchange messages are vulnerable to attacks. Therefore, we present a mutual authentication protocol that relies on independent generation and dynamic updates of encryption keys thereby removing the need for key exchange, which is based on the concept of gene mutation and transfer. We also present an enhanced version of this protocol, which improves the security offered by the first protocol. The novelty of the proposed protocols is in the independent generation, dynamic and continuous updates of encryption keys and the use of the concept of gene mutation / transfer to offer mutual authentication of the communicating entities. The proposed protocols are validated by simulation studies and security analysis

Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019

Background The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019. Methods We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, between 1990 and 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in number of incidents and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) on IMIDs, by sex, age, region, and causes, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Findings In 2019, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% of overall new IMIDs cases, respectively. The ASR of IMIDs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest in High SDI region, High-income North America, and United States of America. Throughout human lifespan, the age distribution of incident cases from six IMIDs was quite different. Globally, incident cases of IMIDs increased with an AAPC of 0.68 and the ASR decreased with an AAPC of −0.34 from 1990 to 2019. The incident cases increased across six IMIDs, the ASR of rheumatoid arthritis increased (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while the ASR of asthma (AAPC = −0.41), inflammatory bowel disease (AAPC = −0.72), multiple sclerosis (AAPC = −0.26), psoriasis (AAPC = −0.77), and atopic dermatitis (AAPC = −0.15) decreased. The ASR of overall and six individual IMID increased with SDI at regional and global level. Countries with higher ASR in 1990 experienced a more rapid decrease in ASR. Interpretation The incidence patterns of IMIDs varied considerably across the world. Innovative prevention and integrative management strategy are urgently needed to mitigate the increasing ASR of rheumatoid arthritis and upsurging new cases of other five IMIDs, respectively. Funding The Global Burden of Disease Study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The project funded by Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (2022QN38)

Analyzing Genetic Adaptation in Action: Identifying the Evolutionary Mechanisms Rescuing Stressed Populations

Genetic adaptation is central to shaping phenotype diversity among populations. If there was not any genetic adaptation, Homo sapiens was not able to migrate out of their original habitat, east of Africa, to colonize the planet. Interestingly, adaptation has enabled us to occupy a wider range of adverse environments such as, arctic, high-altitude, and highly pathogenic (e.g. areas with high rates of transmission of Malaria) regions. Other phenotypes such as skin pigmentation, size of stature, lactose intolerance and several disease susceptibility are directly linked to genetic adaptation.Adaptation also play an important role in global burden of disease and mortality. One every three deaths worldwide is attributed to the evolution of large asexual cell populations. Adaptation provide pathogens to ability to persist to the immune system or exogenous drug to avoid recovery of the host. It also enables them to revive and relapse the disease after obtaining the drug resistance allele, that is the case for Cancer, HIV, Malaria and many other lethal disease. Moreover, some of the ethnic populations also have a significantly lower susceptibility to an specific disease, such as pulmonary hypertension, Malaria, cardiovascular disease, etc.In all the cases, better understanding of mechanisms of adaptation and the genomic targets of the selection can provide actionable information. For instance, the tedious and expensive process of drug discovery can be facilitated by taking into account of disease susceptibility targets. Better therapy drugs can be made by targeting the adapted loci on the pathogen. Finally, mapping the targets of adaptation provides insights into cryptic biological processes.While human biology is the center of attention, model organisms provide convenient, inexpensive, and salable (to populations) framework to test evolutionary hypotheses. This owes to the fact that the molecular mechanisms of evolution are predominantly similar between any living organism. Here in this dissertation, I utilize experimental evolution of \dmel to test multiple evolutionary hypotheses regarding the mechanisms, targets, modes and tempo of adaptation. To answer these questions, I develop genomic time-series models to describe data and find targets of selection. Using the evolutionary models I analyzed an ethnic population to find disease susceptibility genes

Analyzing Genetic Adaptation in Action: Identifying the Evolutionary Mechanisms Rescuing Stressed Populations

Genetic adaptation is central to shaping phenotype diversity among populations. If there was not any genetic adaptation, Homo sapiens was not able to migrate out of their original habitat, east of Africa, to colonize the planet. Interestingly, adaptation has enabled us to occupy a wider range of adverse environments such as, arctic, high-altitude, and highly pathogenic (e.g. areas with high rates of transmission of Malaria) regions. Other phenotypes such as skin pigmentation, size of stature, lactose intolerance and several disease susceptibility are directly linked to genetic adaptation.Adaptation also play an important role in global burden of disease and mortality. One every three deaths worldwide is attributed to the evolution of large asexual cell populations. Adaptation provide pathogens to ability to persist to the immune system or exogenous drug to avoid recovery of the host. It also enables them to revive and relapse the disease after obtaining the drug resistance allele, that is the case for Cancer, HIV, Malaria and many other lethal disease. Moreover, some of the ethnic populations also have a significantly lower susceptibility to an specific disease, such as pulmonary hypertension, Malaria, cardiovascular disease, etc.In all the cases, better understanding of mechanisms of adaptation and the genomic targets of the selection can provide actionable information. For instance, the tedious and expensive process of drug discovery can be facilitated by taking into account of disease susceptibility targets. Better therapy drugs can be made by targeting the adapted loci on the pathogen. Finally, mapping the targets of adaptation provides insights into cryptic biological processes.While human biology is the center of attention, model organisms provide convenient, inexpensive, and salable (to populations) framework to test evolutionary hypotheses. This owes to the fact that the molecular mechanisms of evolution are predominantly similar between any living organism. Here in this dissertation, I utilize experimental evolution of \dmel to test multiple evolutionary hypotheses regarding the mechanisms, targets, modes and tempo of adaptation. To answer these questions, I develop genomic time-series models to describe data and find targets of selection. Using the evolutionary models I analyzed an ethnic population to find disease susceptibility genes