What is the optimal level of tariffs for African countries?

This paper traces the economic underpinnings of tariff formation and implications of different tariff rates. It posits that there is no magic formula in determining the appropriate level of tariff pertinent to the implementation of a medium- term growth strategy in sub-Saharan African countries. Ultimately the particular circumstances of each country will determine the structure of tariff rates. A rate that maximizes economic welfare for any developing country has to take into account the particular economic circumstances, the institutional structures available for trade liberalization, and complementary instruments for trade and growth facilitation, as well as the process, speed, and sequencing of liberalization

Labour markets and wages in Australia 2010

In this article we present data on earnings and hours in 2010 and, using data over a longer time frame, show how the character of the Australian labour market has significantly changed in recent decades. Among other things, we demonstrate a continued shift towards part-time work and, across full-time and part-time labour markets, a change in the distribution of jobs towards more highly skilled occupations. We continue to argue that traditional indicators of labour-market activity, such as headline unemployment and earnings in full-time employment, are only able to partially explain the health of the labour market. There is an urgent need to better understand other dimensions such as underemployment, part-time employment and part-time earnings

The paradox of poverty in rich ecosystems: impoverishment and development in the Amazon of Brazil and Bolivia

The article offers an examination of poverty and development in the Amazon, moving beyond the conventional view which places the blame on infrastructure deficiencies, economic isolation or institutional failures. It examines synergistically connected processes that form the persistent poverty-making geography of the Amazon region. The discussion is based on qualitative research conducted in two emblematic areas in Bolivia (Pando) and Brazil (Pará). The immediate and long-term causes of socioeconomic problems have been reinterpreted through a politico-ecological perspective required to investigate the apparent paradox of impoverished areas within rich ecosystems and abundant territorial resources. Empirical results demonstrate that, first, development is enacted through the exercise of hegemony over the entirety of socionature and, second, because poverty is the lasting materiality of development it cannot be alleviated through conventional mechanisms of economic growth based on socionatural hegemony. The main conclusion is that overcoming the imprint of poverty on Amazonian ecosystem entails a radical socioecological reaction. Additionally, the multiple and legitimate demands of low-income groups do not start from a state of hopeless destitution, but from a position of strength provided by their interaction with the forest ecosystems and with other comparable groups in the Amazon and elsewhere

Chronic disease prevalence and care among the elderly in urban and rural Beijing, China - a 10/66 Dementia Research Group cross-sectional survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Demographic ageing is occurring at an unprecedented rate in China. Chronic diseases and their disabling consequences will become much more common. Public policy has a strong urban bias, and older people living in rural areas may be especially vulnerable due to limited access to good quality healthcare, and low pension coverage. We aim to compare the sociodemographic and health characteristics, health service utilization, needs for care and informal care arrangements of representative samples of older people in two Beijing communities, urban Xicheng and rural Daxing.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A one-phase cross-sectional survey of all those aged 65 years and over was conducted in urban and rural catchment areas in Beijing, China. Assessments included questionnaires, a clinical interview, physical examination, and an informant interview. Prevalence of chronic diseases, self-reported impairments and risk behaviours was calculated adjusting for household clustering. Poisson working models were used to estimate the independent effect of rural versus urban residence, and to explore the predictors of health services utilization.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We interviewed 1002 participants in rural Daxing, and 1160 in urban Xicheng. Those in Daxing were more likely to be younger, widowed, less educated, not receiving a pension, and reliant on family transfers. Chronic diseases were more common in Xicheng, when based on self-report rather than clinical assessment. Risk exposures were more common in Daxing. Rural older people were much less likely to access health services, controlling for age and health. Community health services were ineffective, particularly in Daxing, where fewer than 3% of those with hypertension were adequately controlled. In Daxing, care was provided by family, who had often given up work to do so. In Xicheng, 45% of those needing care were supported by paid caregivers. Caregiver strain was higher in Xicheng. Dementia was strongly associated with care needs and caregiver strain, but not with medical helpseeking.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Apparent better health in Daxing might be explained by under-diagnosis, under-reporting or selective mortality. Far-reaching structural reforms may be needed to improve access and strengthen rural healthcare. The impact of social and economic change is already apparent in Xicheng, with important implications for future long-term care.</p

Does subsidy removal hurt the poor

Project number related to IDRC support could not be determine

Do-file and datasets of PlosOne publication "Common international trends in football stadium attendance"

Datasets and do-file for the paper "Common international trends in football stadium attendance" in PlosOne, 2021. For description of the dataset, please see the Readme-file

Do-file and datasets of PlosOne publication "Common international trends in football stadium attendance"

Datasets and do-file for the paper "Common international trends in football stadium attendance" in PlosOne, 2021. For description of the dataset, please see the Readme-file

Replication archive Peeters and van Ours (2021) De Economist

This record contains the replication archive for the paper "Seasonal Home Advantage in English Professional Football; 1974–2018" by Thomas Peeters and Jan van Ours, which appeared in De Economist in 2021. Please read the explanation file first

Replication archive Peeters and van Ours (2021) De Economist

This record contains the replication archive for the paper "Seasonal Home Advantage in English Professional Football; 1974–2018" by Thomas Peeters and Jan van Ours, which appeared in De Economist in 2021. Please read the explanation file first