El Papel de las Hormonas en la Maduración del Sistema Nervioso Central y en el Desarrollo Cognitivo y Conductal

It is well know, that the hormones are essential for the proper development of the central nervous system (CNS) and thus to cognitive and behavioral development. The main objective of this study is to analyze and to systematize the information about the effect exerted by thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, sex steroids and growth hormone in neurodevelopment. In the four sections of this paper presents the specific role of each hormone in these processes. To illustrate the negative consequences of altered hormone levels on cognitive development, we described some endocrine diseases and cognitive profiles associated with them as models to study the relationship between hormones and development. The role of the thyroid, glucocorticoids and sex steroids are better studied than the role of growth hormone (GH). In recent decades there has been increased interest in studying the effects of GH on the CNS and cognitive functioning. A special section of this article is dedicated to the development of this issue.Está bien documentado, que la presencia de las hormonas es indispensable para el desarrollo adecuado del Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC) y por lo tanto para el desarrollo cognitivo y conductual. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es analizar y sistematizar la información sobre el efecto que ejercen las hormonas tiroideas, glucocorticoides, esteroides sexuales y la hormona de crecimiento sobre el neurodesarrollo. En los cuatro apartados del presente trabajo se presenta el papel específico de cada hormona en estos procesos. Así mismo, para ejemplificar las consecuencias negativas de la alteración de los niveles hormonales sobre el desarrollo cognitivo, se describen algunas enfermedades y los perfiles cognitivos relacionados con éstas como modelos para estudiar la relación entre las hormonas y el desarrollo. El papel de las tiroides, glucocorticoides y esteroides sexuales está mejor estudiado que el papel de la hormona de crecimiento (HC). En las últimas décadas se ha incrementado el interés hacia el estudio de los efectos de la HC sobre el SNC y el funcionamiento cognitivo. Un apartado especial del presente artículo está dedicado al desarrollo de este tema

Validación del cuestionario de factores de riesgo interpersonales para el consumo de drogas en adolescentes (frida) en la población mexicana.

The aim of this study was to validate the FRIDA questionnaire in a Mexican population. FRIDA was developed in Spain and it allows detecting adolescents at risk of drug use. The questionnaire was adapted to Mexican Spanish, the number of items was reduced from 90 to 49, and it was applied to 1244 high school students. The data fulfilled the assumption of normal distribution and sphericity, and it was processed statistically. The factorial analysis distinguished 6 factors. Cronbach’s Alpha was 0.91 for the complete instrument, and >0.80 for each factor. The item-scale correlation coefficient of 0.30 for each item was considered acceptable. To obtain the score ranges for each level of risk, results were converted to z-scores and 6 ranges were defined (‘very low’ to ‘very high’). The results of this study allow us to consider the FRIDA a valid instrument for detecting Mexican adolescents with different levels of risk for substance use.O objetivo do estudo foi validar na população mexicana o questionário FRIDA desenvolvido na Espanha, o quão permite detectar adolescentes em risco de consumo de drogas. O questionário foi adaptado ao espanhol do México, se reduziu o número de itens de 90 a 49 e se aplicou a 1244 estudantes de escolas secundárias. Os dados obtidos se submeteram a uma análise estatística, cumprindo com os supostos de distribuição normal e de esfericidade. A análise fatorial revelou a presença de 6 fatores. O Alfa de Cronbach foi de 0.91 no total do instrumento e superior a 0.80 em cada fator identificado, se considerou como aceitável para cada reativo a correlação item-escala de 0.30. Para obter os alcances das pontuações para cada nível de risco, as pontuações se converteram em pontuações z e se definiram 6 alcances de risco (desde muito baixo até muito alto). Os resultados obtidos permitem considerar o questionário FRIDA como um instrumento válido para detectar os adolescentes mexicanos com diferente grau de risco para consumo de substânciasEl objetivo del estudio fue validar en la población mexicana el cuestionario FRIDA desarrollado en España, el cual permite detectar adolescentes en riesgo de consumo de drogas. El cuestionario fue adaptado al español de México, se redujo el número de ítems de 90 a 49 y se aplicó a 1244 estudiantes de escuelas secundarias. Los datos obtenidos se sometieron a un análisis estadístico, cumpliendo con los supuestos de distribución normal y de esfericidad. El análisis factorial reveló la presencia de 6 factores. El Alfa de Cronbach fue de 0.91 en el total del instrumento y superior a 0.80 en cada factor identificado, se consideró como aceptable para cada reactivo la correlación ítem-escala de 0.30. Para obtener los rangos de puntuaciones para cada nivel de riesgo, los puntajes se convirtieron a puntuaciones z y se definieron 6 rangos de riesgo (desde muy bajo hasta muy alto). Los resultados obtenidos permiten considerar el cuestionario FRIDA como un instrumento válido para detectar a los adolescentes mexicanos con diferente grado de riesgo para consumo de sustancias

Habilidades cognitivas y lectura de un texto en escolares

1 archivo PDF (8 páginas). fhtrigintadu

Journal of traumatic stress disorders & treatment

Bullying is a stressing event that can generate long-term repercussions in victims including anxiety and low academic achievement. Many studies have demonstrated that anxiety can modulate the way in which information is encoded and recovered, especially if it has emotional content. Studies using priming tasks have reported that patients with anxiety disorder tend to remember threatening events better than pleasant or neutral ones. The objective of this study, therefore, was to determine whether the presence of anxiety has an effect on the performance of priming tasks with negative stimuli in victims of bullying. For this purpose, three groups of adolescents: bullying victims with anxiety (BVWA); bullying victims without anxiety (BV); and non-victims (NV), performed verbal and facial priming tasks with emotional (positive and negative valence) and neutral content. The BVWA group showed better performance on verbal priming tasks with negative valence stimuli than on those with positive and neutral valence, but this effect was not observed on the facial priming task, on which BV and NV had better performance with happy faces. Our data show that verbal and facial stimuli with negative valence could have differential effects on adolescent victims of bullying with anxiety. The frightening verbal stimuli generate facilitation in implicit memory likely because, thanks to social networks, words have become a very common way to intimidate others.Journal of Traumatic Stress Disorders & Treatmenthttps://www.scitechnol.com/peer-review/the-effect-of-anxiety-on-verbal-and-visual-priming-tasks-an-adolescent-victims-of-bullying-ARmC.php?article_id=795

TILT’S DEFORMATIONS OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING ON DEFORMABLE SLAB

The objective of stability of high-rise building interacting with deformable foundation is discussed. Study of the development of tilt’s deformation of high-rise building using method «tracking» states of equilibrium through solving non-linear equations overall sustainability of high-rise building on deformable foundation slab

CALCULATION OF OVERALL SUSTAINABILITY OF STRUCTURES WITH THE HIGH CENTRE OF GRAVITY

The article deals with overall sustainability of stiffening diaphragm of support structures in engi- neering construction in the context of structural elements collaboration as a system «high rise construc- tion- foundation (base)- ground base». Calculations were made in the program complex LIRA-CAD. It was found out that the general stability of the bearing systems, which are paired diaphragms of rigidity in the form of support structures of a large-span structure with a highly located center of gravity, depends on their location on the base plate