Two-directional-flow, axial-motion-joint flow liner

Flow liner eliminates high-cycle fatigue in ducts carrying cryogenic fluids. It is capable of handling two-directional, high-velocity cryogenic liquid flow with a 3-inch axial motion without binding within a 25-inch length

An assessment of the use of crown structure for the determination of the health of beech (Fagus sylvatica)

Considerable difficulties exist with the standardization and interpretation of assessments of crown defoliation, the most commonly used index of tree health in Europe. A variety of other measures of crown condition exist and one that has received considerable attention, particularly for beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), is crown architecture. Four stages of crown development are generally recognized, termed the exploration, degeneration, stagnation and resignation phases. An analysis of the available literature suggests that there are a number of problems surrounding the use of these classes to describe trees. Although the classes probably reflect the progressive deterioration of the crown of a tree, there are many factors that affect the assessment and interpretation of the scores, as is the case for defoliation estimates. Measurements of shoot elongation in the upper crown provide a more useful measure, but involve destructive sampling and are very time-consuming. Consequently, while crown architectural assessments should only be incorporated into large-scale inventories of forest health with great care, they may be useful for case studies involving the detailed examination of a small number of site

Spotted Horses

Of late much has been said about the great increase in light horse interest. More fairs have had classes for light horses than ever before, and much more material has been written about them. With this interest and publicity two breeds of spotted horses, the Morocco Spotted Horse and the Appaloosa, or Leopard Spotted horse, remain rather obscure. It is not that these horses are of recent development nor that they are not good horses. They have been going through a period of fixation of breed characters and now are coming to the forefront as animals which can uniformly transmit their desired characters

Secondary Rayleigh-Taylor type Instabilities in the Reconnection Exhaust Jet as a Mechanism for Supra-Arcade Downflows

Supra-arcade downflows (hereafter referred to as SADs) are low-emission, elongated, finger-like features usually observed in active-region coronae above post-eruption flare arcades. Observations exhibit downward moving SADs intertwined with bright upward moving spikes. Whereas SADs are dark voids, spikes are brighter, denser structures. Although SADs have been observed for decades, the mechanism of formation of SADs remains an open issue. In our three-dimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we demonstrate that secondary Rayleigh-Taylor type instabilities develop in the downstream region of a reconnecting current sheet. The instability results in the formation of low-density coherent structures that resemble SADs, and high-density structures that appear to be spike-like. Comparison between the simulation results and observations suggests that secondary Rayleigh-Taylor type instabilities in the exhaust of reconnecting current sheets provide a plausible mechanism for observed SADs and spikes

Dental Involvements in the Equine

On February 27, 1945, a 4-year-old mare was presented to the Stange Memorial Clinic. A swelling on the right side of the face had been noted the previous day. The tongue was swollen and she was unable to open her mouth. The temperature was normal and the general condition good

Distribution et détection du Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum au Québec

La maladie du chancre du noyer cendré, causée par le Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum, affecte principalement le noyer cendré, Juglans cinerea, bien que le noyer noir, Juglans nigra, et les noyers hybrides puissent en être atteints. La maladie est présente dans plusieurs États américains ainsi qu'en Ontario et au Québec. Au Québec, elle a été rapportée pour la première fois en 1990, dans la région de Fort-Coulonge, en Outaouais. Depuis, de nouveaux foyers d'infection ont été notés en forêt naturelle ainsi que dans une plantation. En 1995, elle a été observée pour la première fois sur des semis de noyer dans deux pépinières forestières québécoises. Cette détection constitue le premier cas documenté de la maladie sur des semis de noyer cendré et de noyer noir dans des pépinières forestières.Although the Sirococcus canker of butternut, caused by Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum, has caused damage only to butternut, Juglans cinerea, black walnut, Juglans nigra, and hybrids of walnut are also susceptible to a certain degree. The disease is present in the United States, in Ontario and in Quebec. In Quebec, the disease was first reported in 1990 near Fort-Coulonge, in the Outaouais region. Since then, new infection sites have been observed in natural stands and in one plantation. In 1995, this disease was isolated for the first time from seedlings in two forest nurseries in Quebec. This constitutes the first report of the disease on butternut and black walnut seedlings in forest nurseries

Participant recruitment to FiCTION, a primary dental care trial – survey of facilitators and barriers

Objective To identify reasons behind a lower than expected participant recruitment rate within the FiCTION trial, a multi-centre paediatric primary dental care randomised controlled trial (RCT). Subjects (materials) and methods An online survey, based on a previously published tool, consisting of both quantitative and qualitative responses, completed by staff in dental practices recruiting to FiCTION. Ratings from quantitative responses were aggregated to give overall scores for factors related to participant recruitment. Qualitative responses were independently grouped into themes. Results Thirty-nine anonymous responses were received. Main facilitators related to the support received from the central research team and importance of the research question. The main barriers related to low child eligibility rates and the integration of trial processes within routine workloads. Conclusions These findings have directed strategies for enhancing participant recruitment at existing practices and informed recruitment of further practices. The results help provide a profile of the features required of practices to successfully screen and recruit participants. Future trials in this setting should consider the level of interest in the research question within practices, and ensure trial processes are as streamlined as possible. Research teams should actively support practices with participant recruitment and maintain enthusiasm among the entire practice team

Destabilization of a Solar Prominence/Filament Field System by a Series of Eight Homologous Eruptive Flares

Homologous flares are flares that occur repetitively in the same active region, with similar structure and morphology. A series of at least eight homologous flares occurred in active region NOAA 11237 over 16 - 17 June 2011. A nearby prominence/filament was rooted in the active region, and situated near the bottom of a coronal cavity. The active region was on the southeast solar limb as seen from SDO/AIA, and on the disk as viewed from STEREO/EUVI-B. The dual perspective allows us to study in detail behavior of the prominence/filament material entrained in the magnetic field of the repeatedly-erupting system. Each of the eruptions was mainly confined, but expelled hot material into the prominence/filament cavity system (PFCS). The field carrying and containing the ejected hot material interacted with the PFCS and caused it to inflate, resulting in a step-wise rise of the PFCS approximately in step with the homologous eruptions. The eighth eruption triggered the PFCS to move outward slowly, accompanied by a weak coronal dimming. As this slow PFCS eruption was underway, a final ejective flare occurred in the core of the active region, resulting in strong dimming in the EUVI-B images and expulsion of a coronal mass ejection (CME). A plausible scenario is that the repeated homologous flares could have gradually destabilized the PFCS, and its subsequent eruption removed field above the acitive region and in turn led to the ejective flare, strong dimming, and CME.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap

EIS/Hinode observations of Doppler flow seen through the 40 arcsec wide slit

The Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on board Hinode is the first solar telescope to obtain wide slit spectral images that can be used for detecting Doppler flows in transition region and coronal lines on the Sun and to relate them to their surrounding small scale dynamics. We select EIS lines covering the temperature range 6x10^4 K to 2x10^6 K that give spectrally pure images of the Sun with the 40 arcsec slit. In these images Doppler shifts are seen as horizontal brightenings. Inside the image it is difficult to distinguish shifts from horizontal structures but emission beyond the image edge can be unambiguously identified as a line shift in several lines separated from others on their blue or red side by more than the width of the spectrometer slit (40 pixels). In the blue wing of He II, we find a large number of events with properties (size and lifetime) similar to the well-studied explosive events seen in the ultraviolet spectral range. Comparison with X-Ray Telescope (XRT) images shows many Doppler shift events at the footpoints of small X-ray loops. The most spectacular event observed showed a strong blue shift in transition region and lower corona lines from a small X-ray spot that lasted less than 7 min. The emission appears to be near a cool coronal loop connecting an X-ray bright point to an adjacent region of quiet Sun. The width of the emission implies a line-of-sight velocity of 220 km/s. In addition, we show an example of an Fe XV shift with a velocity about 120 km/s, coming from what looks like a narrow loop leg connecting a small X-ray brightening to a larger region of X-ray emission.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, to be published in Solar Physic