Fantastik und Möglichkeitssinn : zur literarischen Organisation des Wissens bei Kafka und Musil

Ich möchte mich im Folgenden mit Texten beschäftigen, die alle drei genannten Tendenzen aufweisen, ohne dass sie sich dem Genre der Utopie oder Dystopie zurechnen ließen. Diese literarischen Texte greifen die wissenschaftlichen, technischen, politischen, ökonomischen und verwaltungstechnischen Diskurse ihrer Zeit auf, deformieren sie aber gleichzeitig dadurch, dass sie sie mit poetischen überblenden. Indem die außerliterarischen Diskurse neu organisiert und arrangiert werden, werden sie gleichzeitig verfremdet: Sie erhalten Funktionen, die von ihren ursprünglichen radikal abweichen. Eben durch diese Verschiebungen und Verzerrungen können diese Diskurse überhaupt erst als solche erkannt und reflektiert werden. Franz Kafkas und Robert Musils Werke belegen dies auf ihre je eigene, aber in jedem Fall eindrucksvolle Weise. Sie zeichnen sich dadurch aus, dass sie das Wissen ihrer Zeit in seiner ganzen Vielfalt in sich geradezu aufsaugen, diese Wissenselemente aber auf eine sehr eigenwillige Art zueinander in Beziehung setzen. Wissensbestände dienen ihnen als Materialien für fundamentale Neukonstruktionen. Das soll im Folgenden an einigen markanten Beispielen demonstriert werden

Editorial

Die HerausgeberInnen der 1. Nummer der Wiener Digitalen Revue führen in den Schwerpunkt „Tagebücher 1945–1955. Zwischen zeitgeschichtlicher und poetischer Reflexion“ ein. Dessen Beiträge gehen zurück auf eine gleichnamige Konferenz, die am 21. September 2017 an der Universität Wien stattfand und bei der deutschsprachige AutorInnentagebücher aus der unmittelbaren Nachkriegszeit auf ihren literarhistorischen Wert und zeithistorischen Dokumentationscharakter hin befragt wurden. Dementsprechend versuchen die Beiträge des Schwerpunkts das Verhältnis von Dichtung und Zeitzeugenschaft, Privatheit und Öffentlichkeit sowie Autorschaft und literarisches Feld mit Fokus auf die Jahre 1945–1955 auszuloten. The editors of the first number of Wiener Digitale Revue introduce the focus on “Diaries 1945–1955. Between contemporary history and poetic reflection.” Its contributions were first presented at a conference at the University of Vienna by the same title on 21 September 2017, and address the literary historical and documentary value for contemporary history of German language authors’ diaries from the immediate post-war era. The focal topic contributions range from explorations of the relationship between poetry and the role of contemporary testimony, the private and the public, to authorship and the literary field with a focus on the years between 1945 and 1955.The editors of the first number of Wiener Digitale Revue introduce the focus on “Diaries 1945–1955. Between contemporary history and poetic reflection.” Its contributions were first presented at a conference at the University of Vienna by the same title on 21 September 2017, and address the literary historical and documentary value for contemporary history of German language authors’ diaries from the immediate post-war era. The focal topic contributions range from explorations of the relationship between poetry and the role of contemporary testimony, the private and the public, to authorship and the literary field with a focus on the years between 1945 and 1955

Searching for a Stochastic Background of Gravitational Waves with LIGO

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) has performed the fourth science run, S4, with significantly improved interferometer sensitivities with respect to previous runs. Using data acquired during this science run, we place a limit on the amplitude of a stochastic background of gravitational waves. For a frequency independent spectrum, the new limit is $\Omega_{\rm GW} < 6.5 \times 10^{-5}$. This is currently the most sensitive result in the frequency range 51-150 Hz, with a factor of 13 improvement over the previous LIGO result. We discuss complementarity of the new result with other constraints on a stochastic background of gravitational waves, and we investigate implications of the new result for different models of this background.Comment: 37 pages, 16 figure

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

"Der Turm" im Kontext der zeitgenössischen österreichischen Dramatik

"[D]ie ganze Welt stürzt zusammen", schrieb Hofmannsthal am 26. November 1918 an Ottonie Gräfin Degenfeld. Drastisch schildert er das massenhafte Sterben an der Grippeepidemie in Wien ebenso wie die Angst vor Arbeiteraufständen, vor Schießereien und Plünderungen, vor freigelassenen Kriegsgefangenen und Kriminellen. Hofmannsthal hatte im k.u.k. Kriegspressequartier den Weltkrieg als Verteidigung der Kultur propagandistisch unterstützt. Spätestens nach dessen Ende erschien ihm wie vielen seiner Zeitgenossen der Weltkrieg als eine Katastrophe bisher unbekannten Ausmaßes, die alle materiellen wie geistigen Bereiche der Kultur fundamental averänderte. Seine ungeheure Zerstörungskraft kündigte einen Umbruchsprozess an, der zu einer völligen Neukonfiguration der politischen und ökonomischen Kräfteverhältnisse, des individuellen Selbstverständnisses und der kollektiven sozialen Beziehungen führte. Wie Mathias Mayer bemerkt, war dementsprechend für Hofmannsthal die "Konfrontation von Chaos und Ordnung" das zentrale "Problem der Nachkriegszeit"

Neo-Avant-Garde, Why Bother?

International audienc

Introduction: Neo-Avant-Garde, Why Bother?

peer reviewe