Розробка системи керування вібромашини для змішування сипких матеріалів

Based on the analysis of special features in the implementation of process of mixing a loose material, we have proven a prospect of using vibratory machines. The application of vibratory machines for mixing loose materials makes it possible to increase performance efficiency of the machine, reduce its energy consumption and improve quality of the obtained mixture. Intensive oscillatory motion of controlling elements of the vibratory machine contributes to the creation of a circulating transportation of mixture in the processing zone and ensures destruction of coagulated structures of the treated material.To ensure the highly-dynamic state during treatment of a material, regardless of the physical-mechanical properties of raw materials and the degree of its loading, we designed a system of control over operational parameters of the vibratory machine.The designed system improves control systems based on the adapted vibration drive that may enable a change in the arrangement of its unbalanced masses during operation of the vibratory machine. However, the shortcoming of these systems is the assessment of amplitude-frequency characteristics of the machine only. In contrast, in the proposed system, the monitoring unit runs a comprehensive analysis of kinematic and speed characteristics of both the machine and the dynamic state of the treated material.The proposed control system includes the unit for active analysis of the dynamic state of oscillatory system and the control unit over a drive mechanism of the vibratory machine. Functional interaction between specified units, depending on the type of a raw material, ensures independent adaptation of the vibratory machine to the technologically optimal parameters of its work.By using designed control system, we obtained operational parameters for the kinematic and speed indicators of the vibratory machine for preparing a premix, which ensure high homogeneity of the resulting mixture at minimum energy consumption for its preparation. Specifically, at angular velocity of drive shaft ω=110−120 rad∙s-1and oscillation amplitude A=2.0−2.2 mm, homogeneity of the resulting mixture of premix is 96−98 %. Total energy consumption for these indicators is equal to 1,250 W•h Разработана мехатронная система для комплексной оценки и адаптации эксплуатационных параметров вибрационной машины для приготовления сыпучих смесей. Данная система содержит блок активного анализа динамического состояния колеблющейся системы и блок управления приводным механизмом вибромашины. Функциональное взаимодействие вышеуказанных блоков, в зависимости от типа сырья, обеспечивает самостоятельную адаптацию вибромашины к технологически оптимальным параметрам ее работыРозроблено мехатронну систему для комплексної оцінки та адаптації експлуатаційних параметрів вібраційної машини для приготування сипучих сумішей. Дана система містить блок активного аналізу динамічного стану коливної системи та блок керування приводним механізмом вібромашини. Функціональна взаємодія вищеозначених блоків, залежно від типу сировини, забезпечує самостійну адаптацію вібромашини до технологічно оптимальних параметрів її робот

The model for random packaging of small-seeded crops’ seeds in the reservoir of selection seeders sowing unit

Saabunud / Received 08.12.2021 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 09.04.2022 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 09.04.2022 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Vitalii Yaropud ; [email protected] sowing unit is one of the most important working bodies of the drill. It is used to select from the total mass of a certain number of seeds and the formation of their output flow with the specified parameters. Therefore, the advantages and disadvantages of seeders, in terms of the quality of seed distribution in a row and general in the sown field, are mainly determined by the work of sowing machines. The research was carried out to develop a model of random packing of seeds of small-seeded crops in the tank of the sowing apparatus of the selection drill. The research was conducted based on numerical simulation in the software package of the CAE-system Simcenter STAR-CCM +. Because of research, the mathematical model of casual packing of seeds of small-seeded cultures in the capacity of the sowing device of a selection seeder is developed that allowed defining the equation of regression of its density from the effective diameter of seeds and coefficient of variation of this diameter. As a result of research of process of work of the batcher of the sowing device of a selection seeder regularity of change of its throughput from an angle of inclination of a gate, type of a form of executions (triangle, semicircle, rectangle) in the form of a polynomial of the third degree are received. It is established that the choice of the triangular shape of the dispenser allows for ensuring the highest accuracy of seed dosing

The Ecological Taxation as an Instrument of Influence on the Volumes of Waste Generation: Implementing the European Experience in Ukraine

The purpose of the article is to study the systems of ecological tax collection in Ukraine and Europe, as well as to substantiate proposals for improving the mechanism for calculating, distributing and using ecological tax funds in Ukraine, using the EU experience. The authors characterize the system of ecological taxation in the EU member states and make a comparison of the types of ecological taxes levied in the EU-27 countries and in Ukraine. An analysis of the volumes of waste generation, CO2 emissions and ecological tax revenues in the EU-27 countries was carried out. It is observed that there is a directly proportional relationship between the volumes of waste generation, CO2 emissions and the amount of revenues from the payment of ecological taxes in the EU-27 countries, that is, with an increase (decrease) in the value of one of them several times, the value of another value increases (decreases) by the same number of times. The revenues from ecological taxes in incomes and the share of ecological taxes in the overall structure of tax revenues of some European countries and Ukraine were analyzed. The model of the impact of ecological tax regulation on decision-making by ecological polluters is presented, the main problems that currently exist in the domestic system of ecological tax collection are identified and measures to solve these problems are proposed. Simultaneously, it is determined that the proposed measures to increase ecological tax rates can lead to serious risks in the implementation of production and economic activities by enterprises. In view of the above-mentioned, the need for further research is to improve the system of targeted allocation of funds from the payment of ecological taxes and financing of ecological measures and the introduction of energy- and resource-saving low-waste and waste-free technologies at enterprise

Contemporary Practice of Natural Science Training in Higher Education Institutions in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic: Neurobiological Aspects of Psychology

The article examines the program principles and subject content of natural science training of future psychologists in Central Europe (Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic). The choice of these countries for the study is due to the fact that despite short period of membership in the European Union, the countries achieved a significant progress in developing national education systems. The purpose of the article is to identify the main trends in natural science training of future psychologists and their correlation with the latest ideas of neurobiology, which is gradually becoming complementary to psychological, pedagogical and other humanities. Using methods of analysis (content analysis of educational programs; analysis of educational content for accordance with the latest advances in neurobiology), comparative method, statistical methods and extrapolation method, it was found that natural science training in universities in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic partially corresponds to practical application of neurobiology in the professional practice of psychologists. We present specific aspects of qualitative differences in the conclusions. We also calculated that the quantitative ratio of major subjects differs: the volume of credits for natural science training of future psychologists in the curricula of the analysed higher education institutions in Poland is about 6%, in the Czech Republic - 9-10%, and in Hungary - 11-12%.The international significance of the article lies in identification of positive practical and formal approaches to neurobiological training, which requires organizational and methodological reforms of psychological education in Eastern Europe.</p

Ukraine – Canada: Modern Scientific Studios

У міжнародній колективній монографії вміщено найновіші українсько-канадські суспільно-політичні, історичні, соціально-економічні, філологічні, культурно-освітні та педагогічні дослідження в галузі сучасного канадознавства. Видання складається з трьох книг: перші дві – українською мовою,третя – англійською. Подібне видання виходить в Україні вперше. Для науковців, аспірантів і докторантів, студентів, магістрів і викладачів факультетів міжнародних відносин, іноземної філології, історії, політології та національної безпеки, філології й журналістики, економіки та управління, педагогічної освіти й соціальної роботи, для осередків канадознавста в Україні, українських студій у Канаді, а також усіх, хто цікавиться дослідженнями україно-канадської співпраці в різних сферах

Ukraine – Canada: Modern Scientific Studios

У міжнародній колективній монографії вміщено найновіші українсько-канадські суспільно-політичні, історичні, соціально-економічні, філологічні, культурно-освітні та педагогічні дослідження в галузі сучасного канадознавства. Видання складається з трьох книг: перші дві – українською мовою,третя – англійською. Подібне видання виходить в Україні вперше. Для науковців, аспірантів і докторантів, студентів, магістрів і викладачів факультетів міжнародних відносин, іноземної філології, історії, політології та національної безпеки, філології й журналістики, економіки та управління, педагогічної освіти й соціальної роботи, для осередків канадознавста в Україні, українських студій у Канаді, а також усіх, хто цікавиться дослідженнями україно-канадської співпраці в різних сферах

Design of the System to Control a Vibratory Machine for Mixing Loose Materials

Based on the analysis of special features in the implementation of process of mixing a loose material, we have proven a prospect of using vibratory machines. The application of vibratory machines for mixing loose materials makes it possible to increase performance efficiency of the machine, reduce its energy consumption and improve quality of the obtained mixture. Intensive oscillatory motion of controlling elements of the vibratory machine contributes to the creation of a circulating transportation of mixture in the processing zone and ensures destruction of coagulated structures of the treated material.To ensure the highly-dynamic state during treatment of a material, regardless of the physical-mechanical properties of raw materials and the degree of its loading, we designed a system of control over operational parameters of the vibratory machine.The designed system improves control systems based on the adapted vibration drive that may enable a change in the arrangement of its unbalanced masses during operation of the vibratory machine. However, the shortcoming of these systems is the assessment of amplitude-frequency characteristics of the machine only. In contrast, in the proposed system, the monitoring unit runs a comprehensive analysis of kinematic and speed characteristics of both the machine and the dynamic state of the treated material.The proposed control system includes the unit for active analysis of the dynamic state of oscillatory system and the control unit over a drive mechanism of the vibratory machine. Functional interaction between specified units, depending on the type of a raw material, ensures independent adaptation of the vibratory machine to the technologically optimal parameters of its work.By using designed control system, we obtained operational parameters for the kinematic and speed indicators of the vibratory machine for preparing a premix, which ensure high homogeneity of the resulting mixture at minimum energy consumption for its preparation. Specifically, at angular velocity of drive shaft ω=110−120 rad∙s-1and oscillation amplitude A=2.0−2.2 mm, homogeneity of the resulting mixture of premix is 96−98 %. Total energy consumption for these indicators is equal to 1,250 W•

Production and Use of Biogas and Biomethane from Waste for Climate Neutrality and Development of Green Economy

The following article provides an analysis of the current state and potential development of biogas and biomethane production, and their significance in promoting a "green" economy. The main areas of "green" economy focus are identified as the development of alternative energy sources, an effective waste management system with recycling, organic agriculture, improved water resource and ecosystem management, sustainable ("green") transport, and increased energy efficiency in housing and communal sectors. It is shown that the production and use of biogas/biomethane can contribute to achieving almost all of these goals, while also ensuring climate neutrality. Analysis of European experience in using waste for biogas/biomethane production reveals a steady trend in the industry's development. This growth has become particularly relevant following the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, which has also impacted the European energy market. The report assesses Ukraine's potential for biogas/biomethane production from organic waste of various origins, highlighting its importance in addressing energy supply issues, both in times of peace and during periods of martial law and energy system destruction. Successful biogas production cases in Ukraine are also analyzed, demonstrating that some enterprises are equipped to produce biogas and biomethane. The research findings are used to develop recommendations for Ukrainian manufacturers on effective biogas production to expedite the transition towards a climate-neutral, "green" economy

Bioenergetyczny recykling odpadów stałych z gospodarstw domowych jako kierunek zapewnienia zrównoważonego rozwoju obszarów wiejskich

Current practice of waste generation and management in Ukraine has led to an increase in the area of landfills and a loss of the beneficial potential of waste. Today, territorial communities in Ukraine have received enormous new powers within the framework of decentralization, in particular, waste management is now under their jurisdiction. In order to implement the National Waste Management Strategy in Ukraine 2030 and the National Waste Management Plan 2030, communities need to activate the areas of effective disposal of household solid waste (HSW), and for this purpose it is necessary to take into account European norms and standards in this area, as well as share successful Ukrainian and foreign experience. The aim of the study is to analyze a successful case of waste management of a separate community in Ukraine (Illintsi United Territorial Community) as an example for other communities, as well as to develop guidelines for bioenergy recycling of waste in the community under the study with the production of RDF fuel and biogas in order to provide energy resources and improve the condition of the environment. To achieve this goal, there were used the following methods: monographic, deductive, inductive, analysis and synthesis, economic analysis, graphic and tabular, statistical, as well as the case-study method. The conducted research confirmed the growth of waste generation volumes in Ukraine and their limited beneficial use. The developed recommendations on the improvement of the household solid waste management based on the successful case of Illintsi Territorial Community and proposals for organizing the production of RDF fuel and biogas can become a strong basis for the development of communities on the basis of sustainability.Obecna praktyka wytwarzania i zarządzania odpadami na Ukrainie doprowadziła do wzrostu obszaru składowisk i utraty korzystnego potencjału odpadów. Dzisiaj społeczności terytorialne na Ukrainie otrzymały nowe uprawnienia w ramach decentralizacji, w szczególności zarządzania odpadami. Aby wdrożyć krajową strategię zarządzania odpadami na Ukrainie 2030 i krajowy plan zarządzania odpadami 2030, społeczności muszą aktywować obszary skutecznego usuwania odpadów stałych gospodarstw domowych (HSW), a w tym celu konieczne jest uwzględnienie norm europejskich oraz standardów w tej dziedzinie, a także dzielenie się doświadczeniem narodowym, ukraińskim oraz światowym. Celem opracowania jest analiza udanego przypadku zagospodarowania odpadów wydzielonej gminy na Ukrainie (Zjednoczona Wspólnota Terytorialna Illintsi) jako przykładu dla innych gmin, a także opracowanie wytycznych dotyczących bioenergetycznego recyklingu odpadów w badanej społeczności z produkcją paliwa RDF i na zamówienie biogazu w celu zapewnienia zasobów energetycznych i poprawy stanu środowiska. Aby osiągnąć ten cel, zastosowano metody: monograficzną, dedukcyjną, indukcyjną, analizy i syntezy, analizy ekonomicznej, graficznej i tabelarycznej, statystycznej oraz metody studium przypadku. Przeprowadzone badania potwierdziły wzrost ilości wytwarzania odpadów na Ukrainie i ich ograniczone korzystne zastosowanie. Opracowane zalecenia dotyczące poprawy gospodarki odpadami stałymi w gospodarstwach domowych w oparciu o udany przypadek społeczności terytorialnej Illintsi oraz propozycje organizowania produkcji paliwa RDF i biogazu mogą stać się silną podstawą dla rozwoju społeczności na podstawie zrównoważonego rozwoju