Thurston boundary of Teichm\"uller spaces and the commensurability modular group

If $p : Y \to X$ is an unramified covering map between two compact oriented surfaces of genus at least two, then it is proved that the embedding map, corresponding to $p$, from the Teichm\"uller space ${\cal T}(X)$, for $X$, to ${\cal T}(Y)$ actually extends to an embedding between the Thurston compactification of the two Teichm\"uller spaces. Using this result, an inductive limit of Thurston compactified Teichm\"uller spaces has been constructed, where the index for the inductive limit runs over all possible finite unramified coverings of a fixed compact oriented surface of genus at least two. This inductive limit contains the inductive limit of Teichm\"uller spaces, constructed in \cite{BNS}, as a subset. The universal commensurability modular group, which was constructed in \cite{BNS}, has a natural action on the inductive limit of Teichm\"uller spaces. It is proved here that this action of the universal commensurability modular group extends continuously to the inductive limit of Thurston compactified Teichm\"uller spaces.Comment: AMSLaTex file. To appear in Conformal Geometry and Dynamic

Trade Unionism and Compensation Dynamics: A Research Overview

Over the years, government’s enacted laws and enunciated policies to provide for decent work life, guarantee minimum wages, cushion against rise in cost of living, ensure equal remuneration and deter employers from making unfair and arbitrary deductions from wages has led to a change in the impact trade unions had on wage determination. The present article discusses different aspects of trade union’s role in wage and salary administration in terms of choices and options for trade unions, unions’ impact on general wage levels, unions’ impact in terms of spill-over effect, role of trade unions in wage and salary policies and practices and so on

Prosudba kliconoštva dermatofita u zdravih farmskih kunića i kunića kućnih ljubimaca.

The present study describes the occurrence of dermatophytes and their antifungal susceptibility in healthy rabbits kept on a farm or in a household as companion animals. Out of 614 animals examined, 146 samples (23.78%) were positive for dermatophytes by direct microscopic examination, and the dermatophytes were isolated from 112 samples (112/146, 76.71%). The four predominant species of dermatophytes isolated from healthy rabbits were Trichophyton mentagrophytes (37.5%), Microsporum gypseum (25%), Microsporum nanum (21.43%) and Microsporum canis (16.07%). The kits younger than 6 months of age showed a relatively higher occurrence rate, and male animals showed significantly higher occurrence than the females (P<0.05). Occurrence of dermatophytes in the studied rabbits was higher in summer and autumn than in spring and winter (P<0.05). Itraconazole (0.03-0.5 μg/mL), ketoconazole (0.06-0.5 μg/mL), miconazole at 0.03-0.5 μg/mL and 0.03-.25 μg/mL concentrations showed the lowest MIC values against T. mentagrophytes, M. canis, M. nanum and M. gypseum, respectively. However, fluconazole and griseofulvin showed the highest MIC value against the isolates, indicating antifungal resistance.U radu je opisan nalaz dermatofita i njihova osjetljivost na protugljivične lijekove u zdravih kunića držanih na farmi ili u domaćinstvu kao kućni ljubimci. Od 614 pretraženih životinja na dermatofite je bilo pozitivno 146 uzoraka (23,78%) izravnom mikroskopskom pretragom, a dermatofiti su bili izdvojeni iz 112 uzoraka (112/146, 76,71%). Dominantne vrste dermatofita izdvojene iz zdravih kunića bile su Trichophyton mentagrophytes (37,5%), Microsporum gypseum (25%), Microsporum nanum (21,43%) i Microsporum canis (16,07%). Stopa pojavnosti bila je relativno viša u mladunaca do 6 mjeseci, a u mužjaka je bila značajno viša nego u ženki (P<0,05). Dermatofiti su češće bili izdvojeni ljeti i u jesen nego u proljeće i zimi (P<0,05). Najmanja minimalna inhibicijska koncentracija (MIK) itrakonazola od 0,03-0,5 μg/mL dokazana je za T. mentagrophytes, ketokonazola od 0,06-0,5 μg/mL za M. canis, mikonazola od 0,03-0,5 μg/mL za M. nanum i od 0,03-0,25 μg/mL za M. gypseum. Flukonazol i grizeofulvin pokazivali su najvišu vrijednost MIK što govori o otpornosti izolata na te lijekove

A Hybrid Test Architecture to Reduce Test Application Time in Full Scan Sequential Circuits

Abstract—Full scan based design technique is widely used to alleviate the complexity of test generation for sequential circuits. However, this approach leads to substantial increase in test application time, because of serial loading of vectors. Although BIST based approaches offer faster testing, they usually suffer from low fault coverage. In this paper, we propose a hybrid test architecture, which achieves significant reduction in test application time. The test suite consists of: (i) some external deterministic test vectors to be scanned in, and (ii) internally generated responses of the CUT to be re-applied as tests iteratively, in functional (non-scan) mode. The proposed architecture uses only combinational ATPG to hybridize deterministic testing and test per clock BIST, and thus makes good use of both scan based and non-scan testing. We also present a bipartite graph based heuristic to select the deterministic test vectors and sequential fault simulation technique is used to perform the exact analysis on detected faults during the re-application of internally generated responses of the CUT during testing. Experimental results on ISCAS-89 benchmark circuits show the efficacy of the heuristic and reveal a significant reduction of test application time

Randomized Trial-PrEscription of intraDialytic exercise to improve quAlity of Life in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis

Introduction: Whether clinically implementable exercise interventions in people receiving hemodialysis (HD) therapy improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) remains unknown. The PrEscription of intraDialytic exercise to improve quAlity of Life PEDAL) study evaluated the clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness of a 6-month intradialytic exercise program. Methods: In a multicenter, single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial, people receiving HD were randomly assigned to (i) intradialytic exercise training (exercise intervention group [EX]) and (ii) usual care (control group [CON]). Primary outcome was change in Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short-Form Physical Component Summary (KDQOL-SF 1.3 PCS) from baseline to 6 months. Cost-effectiveness was determined using health economic analysis; physiological impairment was evaluated by peak oxygen uptake; and harms were recorded. Results: We randomized 379 participants; 335 and 243 patients (EX  = 127; CON  = 116) completed baseline and 6-month assessments, respectively. Mean difference in change PCS from baseline to 6 months between EX and CON was 2.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.1 to 4.8) arbitrary units ( = 0.055); no improvements were observed in peak oxygen uptake or secondary outcome measures. Participants in the intervention group had poor compliance (47%) and poor adherence (18%) to the exercise prescription. Cost of delivering intervention ranged from US$598 to US$1092 per participant per year. The number of participants with harms was similar between EX ( = 69) and CON ( = 56). A primary limitation was the lack of an attention CON. Many patients also withdrew from the study or were too unwell to complete all physiological outcome assessments. Conclusions: A 6-month intradialytic aerobic exercise program was not clinically beneficial in improving HRQoL as delivered to this cohort of deconditioned patients on HD